CHAPTER 7 :

ANIMATION

DMM1033 // MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY

DMM1013 // INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA
 principles of animation
» An animation is made from a series of stills and relies on something called
persistence of vision
» Persistence of vision : a phenomenon where an object on the eye’s retina
remains for a brief time after viewing
» Meaning that a series of still images, which vary slightly, if shown rapidly will
give the illusion of movement
 principles of animation
» Advantages of animation
» Attracts and holds attention
» Show otherwise invisible actions or physical processes
» Increases retention
» Allows visualization of imagined concepts, objects and relationships

» Disadvantages of animation
» Requires extensive memory and storage space
» Requires special equipment for a quality presentation
» Cannot depict actuality like video or photography
 principles of animation
Animation can be found in various fields

Fields Examples of Application

Education Presentation using animation, courseware
Medical Virtual surgery, 3D human body
Entertainment Game and movies
Military 3D virtual, military games
Industry Presentation using animation, selling product using 3D virtual
 principles of animation
» How to produce an animation
» Prepare a storyboard
» Draw and sketch object models control flow, time and speediness of movement
» Ensure the movement appears real
 principles of animation
There are two categories of animation :
» Traditional animation
» All frame in an animation had to be drawn by hand

» Computer graphics animation

» The use of computers to create animations
 traditional animation
» There are four different techniques for creating animation by hand
1. Page Flipping
2. Cell Animation
3. Clay Animation
4. Rotoscoping
 traditional animation
» Page Flipping
» There is one drawing on every
page, each one “telling” a
different part of the story
» When the pages are being
flipped quickly, the pictures
appear like they are moving
 traditional animation
» Cell Animation
» Based on an objects move by displaying a series of pre-drawn pictures, called
frames, in which these objects appear in different locations on a screen
» Cell comes from the word celluloid (a transparent sheet material) which was first
used to draw the images and place them on a stationary background
» In a movie, a series of frames move through the film projector at about 24 frames per
second
traditional animation
 traditional animation
» Clay Animation
» Plasticine animation often
abbreviated as Claymation
» Uses figures made of clay or a
similar malleable material to
create stop-motion animation
» The figures may have an
armature or wire frame inside of
them that can be manipulated in
order to pose the figures
 traditional animation
» Rotoscoping
» An animation technique
in which animators trace
over live-action film
movement, frame by
frame, for use in
animated films
» Or the adding of act
animation to a live action
film mainly applied for
character and object
effects
 computer graphics animation
There are two techniques of computer graphics animation
» Linear animation or 2D animation
» Key frame
» Path animation
» Tweening

» 3D animation
» Modeling
» Animating
» Rendering
 2D animation
» 2D Animation
» The most popular animation that is used in multimedia application is 2D animation
» Also known as linear animation
» Refers to a simple object movement on screen
» Figures are created and/or edited on the computer using 2D bitmap graphics or created
and edited using 2D vector graphics
» Example : Adventure Time, Spongebob Squarepants, Mickey Mouse
2D animation
 2D animation
» Keyframe animation
» Animation and film making is a drawing that defines the starting and ending points of
any smooth transition
» They are called “frames” because their position in time is measured in frames on a strip
of film
2D animation
 2D animation
» Path animation
» The simplest form of animation and the easiest to learn
» It moves an object along a pre-determined path on the screen
» The path could be a straight line or it could include any number of curves
» Often the object does not change, although it might be resized or reshaped
» Can be created using a multimedia program by simple dragging the mouse pointer
around the screen or by pointing to different locations on the screen and clicking the
mouse button
2D animation
 2D animation
» Tweening Animation
» Method where the first cell of an animation and the last cell of animation are selected
and the animation program calculates all the cells in between
» Inbetweens are the drawings between keyframes which help to create the illusion of
motion
» Sophisticated animation software identify specific objects in an image and define how
they should move and change during the tweening process
2D animation
 3D animation
» 3D Animation
» Digital model manipulated by an animator
» In order to manipulate a mesh, it is given a digital armature (sculpture)
» Many 3D animations are very believable and are commonly used as special effects for
recent movies
» Applications that can handle 3D animation : 3D Studio Max, Lightwave, Maya
3D animation
 special effects of animation
» Animation plays an important role in film industry nowadays
» With a huge support from the latest design of technology, all kind of
animation techniques had been developed to make the stories more
attractive and effective
 special effects of animation
» Warping
» Image warping is the process of digitally manipulating an image such that any shapes
portrayed in the image have been significantly distorted
» May be used for correcting image distortion as well as for creative purposes
» While an image can be transformed in various ways, pure warping means that points
are mapped to points without changing the colours
special effects of animation
 special effects of animation
» Morphing
» Morphing means transition of one shape into another by displaying a series of frames
that creates smooth movement as the first shape transforms itself into the other shape
» Short form of the word metamorphosis
» Mostly applied in advertisements which exchange process, one image to another image
Changing batteries by Sunny Side Up Productions
Lifted by Pixar Animation Studios