A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK BASED

PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Avinash J L1, Mahesh K L2 Shuchith Kumar D S3
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication, SVCE, Bengaluru-57, Communication, SVCE, Bengaluru-57, Communication, SVCE, Bengaluru-57,
Karnataka, India Karnataka, India Karnataka, India
Email1: [email protected] Email2 : [email protected] Email3 : [email protected]
Abstract— The presented methodology is to monitor II. LITERATURE SURVEY
agricultural land wetness and displaying the parameters that
has been sensed through wireless sensor network. If anyone Diego Inácio Patrício et al. presents a systematic review that
want to include technology in agriculture, he should be aware aims to identify the applicability of computer vision in
of agriculture process. In this proposed work we monitor the precision agriculture for the production of the five most
agriculture field at a distance by using XBee technology. We produced grains in the world: maize, rice, wheat, soybean,
have connected various sensors to monitor field and depending and barley. it is possible to identify great opportunities, such
on sensor values necessary actions will be taken. Main as the exploitation of GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) and
advantage of proposed work is, consumption of power will be
advanced artificial intelligence techniques, such as DBN in
very less to communicate over other wireless communication
technologies. the construction of robust methods of computer vision
Keywords— AtMega 328 Microcontroller, ZigBee, Humidity applied to precision agriculture [1].
Sensor, Moisture Sensor, PH Sensor, Leaf Wetness sensor,
Aurduino IDE, LCD.. Kushite Singhal et al. using intelligent humidity sensor and
I. INTRODUCTION low power SWT for facilitating irrigation management. The
monitoring device used in this paper is laptop/computer or
Wireless Communication is growing rapidly to meet
PDA. The processed SWT data make it possible to
requirements in all fields. In the field of agriculture also one
determine soil moisture trends and to predict or modify
can include this wireless communication to send some
irrigation schedule for better crop yield [2].
important information about soil condition, weather
Prakashgaudpail et al. proposed system automatic irrigation
conditions, etc. to farmers. One can review the available
controller is open loop, automatic and Adaptive. This
technologies that can be deployed in the field of agriculture.
system determines the soil moisture and necessity of water
Technologies like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi etc., are most commonly
to crop in order to supply just the right amount of water just
used for communication. The transformation of traditional
enough to maintain moisture level. A microcontroller is
agriculture to modern agriculture can happen only when we
used to control the operation along with relay switch and
use technology in agriculture. Internet of things (IOT) for
pump [3].
agriculture will play greater role nowadays in any field
Jeana Xia et al. uses the sensor node that include JN5121
including agriculture. Using IOT one can connect number of
module with the evolution of WSN now it is possible to use
devices and monitor remotely. The techniques like
them for automatic environment monitoring and controlling
intelliSense, identification technology and pervasive
the parameter of field for precision agriculture application.
computing, ubiquitous network integration applications of
One of the major problems present today is the less
IOT will help in achieving smart agriculture and precision
knowledge of the soil content & types, less knowledge of
agriculture.
the type of fertilizers to be added [4].
In order to achieve good yield one has to monitor
Allirani et al. a study of ZigBee based wireless sensor
agricultural land as well as crop properly and time to time.
network in agriculture was carried out. This paper has
In order to establish good production, environmental
reviewed few issues regarding ZigBee in agriculture. That
parameters model for various regions has to be maintained.
how the factors like node spacing, antenna height, crop
The platform for the crop monitoring system implements
canopy and density of leaves affects the signal strength [5].
two types of nodes and accomplishes the system
Herman Sahota et al. proposed Wireless Sensor Network
networking. The environmental parameter acquisition
(WSN) is the latest technology which provides the best and
platform collects meteorological and soil information such
cheaper solution for a broad range of applications from
as temperature, humidity, wind, air, rainfall, soil ph and so
healthcare to agriculture to environmental and military
on. The image capture platform obtains crop growth images.
operations. India is basically a country with sufficient
The growth of crops and growing conditions can be
natural resources and focussed on agriculture contributing to
observed directly.
its economy and socioeconomic status [6].
The process of utilizing technology in farming and
Kalaivani et al. proposed a study of zigbee based wireless
cultivation requires deep knowledge of Agricultural
sensor network in agriculture was carried out. This paper
processes, biology, chemistry, and empirical knowledge.
has reviewed few issues regarding zigbee in agriculture.
There are many parameters which must be taken into
That how the factors like node spacing, antenna height, crop
consideration and investigated in depth when designing a
canopy and density of leaves affects the signal strength [7].
system that should Improve cultivation procedures by
Tim Wark et al. proposed system also includes the camera
making the whole e process more effective and sustainable.
nodes and cattle sensor network along with the soil moisture

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sensor. To attach the sensor nodes to cattle, custom collars Arduino Uno R3 development board consists of
were created [8]. ATmega328 microcontroller. Arduino happens to be an
Andrés F et al. proposed a system where hybrid hexagonal open-source, prototyping platform which is very popular
positioning for sensor node has achieved better link because of its simplicity.
utilization compare to other topology saving energy and
increasing life lime of sensor node and network. A village B.XBEE
centric model is presented to define applicability of
Wireless sensor network for agriculture needs a low
proposed solution [9]. Milind pande et al. proposed a paper
cost, low power and low data rate kind of network. In order
in order to study how current irrigation practices affect the
to satisfy these criteria, Xbee alliance has developed an open
environment, the researchers build and deploy a WSN in a
global standard called Xbee. XBee Gate-way, which gathers
sugar farm. The system acquires data from the sensor
data and send to the base station. for monitoring, control,
network in the field and transmits the data through
automation, sensing and tracking applications for the home,
microwave link to back-end server [10].
medical and industrial environments. XBee is a wireless
networking standard that is aimed at remote control and
Zhengzhou Tang et al. self-organizing ad-hoc sensor
sensor applications which is suitable for operation in harsh
network is deployed in vineyard, which collects the
radio environments and in isolated locations as shown in Fig
temperature data throughout the vineyard. Based on the
2.
temperature data, the back-end application calculates and
shows a map of powdery mildew risk to help the vineyard
management [11].

P. Priya et al. proposed a field signals monitoring system

with wireless sensor network (WSN) which integrates a
System on a Chip (SoC) platform and Zigbee wireless
network technologies in precision agriculture. The wireless-
network acquiring system is the MCU in which the Sunplus
SPCE061A and signee module 3160 is used along with web
server [12].
Fig.2. XBee
III. SYSTEM HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

This precision agriculture concept in wireless network

performs all types of tasks assigned to it i.e., detection of IV. METHODOLOGY
wetness of leaf, PH value, humidity of the leaf and moisture
of the leaf. To perform all these activities we have This Section will give detailed description of the connection
connected corresponding sensors. We just focused on main of sensors with ATMega32O Microcontroller module.
components in our proposed work are ARDUINO and XBee Proposed work consists of two parts . The first part consists
of temperature sensor, humidity sensor and moisture sensor
A. ATMEGA328P MICROCONTROLLER (ARDUINO) and pH sensor. The second part is communication part
where the sensed parameters are gathered by XBee, which
High Performance, Low Power AVR and it is an 8-Bit in turn communicates the data wireless to the required point.
Microcontroller Advanced RISC Architecture. Arduino
Uno is a microcontroller board based on the This unit is the one which performs all types of tasks
ATmega328P as shown in Fig 1. It has 14 digital assigned to it i.e., detection of Wetness, humidity,
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM temperature PH value in leaf, detection of any parameter in
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a the leaf is identified and sends information if detected. It
USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a consist of [1] Sensor Unit, [2] Wireless Communication
reset button. It contains everything needed to support Unit. The circuit connection is as shown in Fig 3.
the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC In any field, for a system to be implemented, a process or
adapter or battery to get started. set of rules has to be followed. At first the sensors will sense
the values and this project consists of Arduino, Temperature
sensor, Humidity sensor, LCD Display, XBee module,
Water pump, a fan and a PC for remote monitoring. The
sensor readings will be displayed in a LCD. Depending
upon the sensor levels, the loads will be activated
automatically.

Fig.1. Arduino UNO

 yields, farmers are facing huge financial losses. Therefore
we understand that, there is a need for a system, which can
assist farmer for agriculture and maintaining Cultivation
land area in good condition.

V. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Controlling of water pump and pesticide pump will be
done by microcontroller and relay unit. Microcontroller is
powered by USB cable. Both the coordinator node and relay
module were powered from Arduino board with 3.3V and 5V
respectively. The coordinator node was receiving the data
from sensors from the router node and were displayed on
monitor

Fig.5. Hardware Connection

Fig.3. Working model prototype

For e.g., if the temp reading is high, switch on the dc fan.
For humidity, switch on the pump. The sensor values and
the status of the loads will be displayed locally in an LCD
and remotely in a PC. The sensor data will be sent
wirelessly to a remote PC for monitoring. In this paper,
microcontroller is interfaced with two sensors.
Fig.6. Results of sensors

The results of all the sensors are viewed in the LCD display
shown in Fig 7 shows the detected results of some of the
sensors. The pump is made to work automatically ON or
OFF with the values sensed and driven by relay unit

Fig.7.LCD Display of sensed Values.

Fig 4. Flow Chart

Xbee sensor network is very economical and it will cover Various sensors like temperature, humidity pH leaf wetness
larger area with less power consumption. In order to and connected and obtaining the details in AURDINO IDE.
maintain fertile soil for good yield of crops we need to This information is helpful for maintaining the soil fertility
check and maintain the proper level of temperature, pH and getting good yield. The below figure shows the same.
value, humidity etc., We can observe nowadays due to
improper weather conditions, farmers are facing lot of
problems for getting good yield of crops. With the fewer
 Deployment: Experiences from a Sugar Farm, Wen Hu, Tuan Dinh Le,
Peter Corke, sanjay jha, 2012 IEEE.

[10]. Applications of WSN in Health and Agriculture Andrés F. Murillo,

Mauricio Pena, Diego Martinez, 2012, IEEE.

Fig.8. Serial Monitor window output

VI. CONCLUSION
Proposed work helps us to understand the effectiveness of
XBee for communication in the Agriculture field. In our
work we have chosen the necessary sensors to monitor
agricultural area and to take necessary steps like on and off
of water pump. Farmer will be given a monitor through
which he can see the status of the soil and crops. There is a
necessity of saving the resources and monitoring
agricultural land suitable for cultivation. Proposed work
mainly focuses on the cut down of resources, cost and cover
more area.

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