Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes
com/en-gb/document/the-chancellor-masters-and-scholars-of-the-university-
of-cambridge/physics-a-level/motion-in-a-circle/33165704
Learning Outcomes
Radian: 1 Rad is the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc of equal length to the radius
of the circle.
1o = (pi/180) rad
Angular displacement : Is the change in angle (measured in radians) of a body as it rotates around a
circle.
w = theta/ t2-t1
θ
ω=
t 2−t 1
w = 2pi/T
2π
ω=
T
2pi = Full circle
T = Time Period
Frequency, f = 1/T
T=T
2pi/w = 1/f
2π 1
=
ω f
2pi f = 1 w
w = 2pi f
Linear Speed;
T = (2pi r)/ v
2 πr
T=
v
T = Time period
v = linear speed
Angular speed (ω );
∆θ
ω=
∆t
2pi = angle in a full circle
T = Time period
T=T
2pi r w = 2pi v
2pi r w/ 2pi = v
v=rw
a. Describe qualitatively motion in a curved path due to a perpendicular force, and understand the
centripetal acceleration (in the case of uniform motion in a circle)
-- An object in uniform circular motion is continuosly changing direction, and therefore is constantly
changing velocity
-- This is called centripetal acceleration and is perpendicular to the direction of the linear speed
-- Therefore, the centripetal acceleration and force are in the same direction
-- Centripetal acceleration
The acceleration of an object towards the center of a circle when an object is in motion (rotating)
around a circle at a constant speed
a = delta v/ delta t
∆v
a=
∆t
Similar triangles;
delta v = (delta r/ r) v
delta v = delta r w
∆ v=∆ r ω
delta v/ v = delta s/ r
delta v = (delta s/ r) v
a = delta v/ delta t
a=∆ s ( vr ) ∆1t
a = delta s/ delta t (v/ r)
a=
∆s v
∆t r()
a = v (v/ r)
a = v^2/ r
a=vw
We know,
v = r w ........ (2)
a = v^2/ r
a = (r w)^2/ r
a = r^2 w^2/ r
a = r w^2
2
a=r ω
From (2);
v=rw
v/ w = r ....... (3)
a = v^2/ r
a = v^2/ (v/w)
(v/ w) a = v^2
a v = v^2 w
a = v^2 w/ v
a=vw
a=vω
-- Centripetal Force
An object moving in a circle is not in equilibrium, it has a resultant force acting upon it. This is known
as the centripetal force and is what keep the object moving in a circle.
The resultant perpendicular force towards the center of the circle required to keep a body in a
uniform circular motion
Fc = m r w^2
F=ma
F=ma
2
v
a=
r
Fc = m (v^2/r)
Fc = m v^2/ r
Fc = m v (v/r)
Fc = m v w
Fc = m v^2/ r or m r w^2
Ff = Fc
myu w = m v^2/ r
Question: Why is the car turning left? What is causing it to turn left?
Ff = myu N or F = myu W
F f =μ N
F=μ W
Ff = Frictional Force
W = Weight
=> To get the centripetal force which allows it to keep traveling in a circle/ to make a circle
It would take a greater centripetal force to keep a car of heavier mass traveling in a circle
To take a turn at a greater speed you need greater friction which provides the centripetal force
necessary to take the turn
Question: How to make a high speed turn without the car flipping over?
=>
Turning car
N sin theta = Fc
_________________
N cos theta = m g
tan theta = (m (v^2)/ r)/ m g
-- Verticle Circle
Fc = Tb + m g
Tb = m v^2/ r - m g
Tc > m g
Fc = Tc - m g
Tc = M v^2/ r + m g
Tc > Tb
Highest point;
Tb > 0
Tb = m v^2/ r - m g > 0
m v^2/ r > m g
v^2 > r g