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LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS OF THE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION UNIT OF

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

A Research Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of the Integrated High School

Marinduque State College

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Research Project Subject

by

Genroj Louise J. Laguna

Faith Magdalene B. Guray

Sheena L. Sandoval

Kevin V. Monteagudo

Maribeth A. Buñag

May 2022
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APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled Level of Preparedness of the Disaster Risk

Reduction Unit of Marinduque State College, prepared and submitted by Genroj
Louise Laguna, Sheena L. Sandoval, Kevin V. Monteagudo, Maribeth A. Buñag
and Faith Magdalene B. Guray, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Research Project under Grade 12 HUMSS is hereby recommended.

Mr. Jerick Jornadal

Research Adviser
______________
Date Signed

Approved and Accepted by the Research Project Guidance Committee.

Name of the panel

Chairman

__________________
Date Signed

Name of the panel Name of the panel

Member Member

_________________ ________________
Date Signed Date Signed

(Name of your language critic)

Language Critic

______________
Date Signed

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Research Project under
Grade 12 HUMSS.

NOEL R. PALOMARES, LPT, MAEd

Principal

_____________________
Date Signed
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With sincere appreciation and deep gratitude, the researcher would like to

acknowledge several people who played an important role for the completion of this

research.

To our teachers Mr. Jerick Jornadal and Ms. Raiza Masculino, who guided us

while doing our research and also for their accommodating advices, expertise, time and effort

and for imparting additional knowledge and encouragement to finish this study;

To our Panelists, for the suggestions and recommendations to make this research

possible;

To our respondents, for their time and active participation that gave the researcher

data needed in this research study;

To our friends and classmates, for the advice, unending support and

encouragement;

To our beloved family, for the emotional, financial, and spiritual support they have

given. Their love, understanding, and sacrifices will always mark in her heart;

Above all, glories and thanks are given back to our Almighty God who always

enlightens and strengthens me in my undertakings and for making her believe that nothing is

impossible with his help and guidance.

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DEDICATION

This piece of work is wholeheartedly dedicated

to our supportive and understanding family,

to our friends and classmates,

to our Research Project and Practical Research II teachers,

to our special someone,

to all people who support and motivate us during our study,

and above all, to the Almighty God,

the source of his light, wisdom and strength.

Genroj

Sheena

Kevin

Maribeth

Faith Magdalene
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ABSTRACT
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is an ethic of prevention that aims to reduce the

damage caused by natural hazards such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, and cyclones. The

level of preparedness of a community's DRR unit is deemed critical because it affects the

community's safety, and well-being. Therefore, the researchers came up with the study

entitled “Level of Preparedness of the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Unit of Marinduque

State College (MSC)'', with the objectives to examine their level of preparedness in terms of

formulation of contingency plans, funding for formulation, dissemination, pilot-testing,

evaluation, and updating of contingency plans, and lastly, their training on formulation of

contingency plans. This is based on the guidelines stated in section 6 of the NDRRMC and

NSC Joint Memorandum Circular No. 01 s. 2016. To accumulate results, the researchers

used a quantitative and descriptive method in gathering data, relevant to incorporate different

indicators that will assess the level of preparedness of the MSC-DRR unit. The data

gathering was conducted through a self-made questionnaire given to the respondents of the

study from the MSC-DRR response team. The researchers categorized the answers of the

respondents, and analyzed the results. Based on the study's findings, the researchers

concluded that the level of preparedness of the DRR unit of MSC is well-prepared, and the

most contributing factor in the level of preparedness of the MSC-DRR Unit is training;

whereas, the years of service affects the number of seminars/trainings attended. Lastly, it was

concluded that the least contributing factor is program building.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminaries Page No.

Title Page ................................................................................................ i

Approval Sheet …………………………………………………………….. ii

Acknowledgment..................................................................................... iii

Dedication............................................................................................... vi

Abstract……………………………………………………………………… v

Table of Contents.................................................................................... vi

List of Tables .......................................................................................... ix

List of Figures......................................................................................... ix

Chapter I…………………………………………………………………… 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

Introduction……………………………………………………….... 1

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………… 3

Scope and Delimitation of the Study ………………………………. 4

Significance of the Study…………………………………………… 4

Conceptual Framework……………………………………………... 6

Research Paradigm………………………………………................. 7

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………. 8
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Chapter II…………………………………………………………………………... 11

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES…………………… 11

Related Literature…………………………………………………………… 11

The Philippines’ Susceptibility to Natural and Human-Induced Disasters... 12

The Philippines’ Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System ……… 14

Potential Impact of Preparedness and Contingency Planning……………... 16

Demographics in Relation to Disaster Preparedness………………………. 18

Related Studies……………………………………………………………… 20

Local………………………………………………………………………... 20

Foreign……………………………………………………………………… 28

Reflection of the Authors………………………………………………….. 36

Chapter III……………………………………………………………………….... 37

METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………….. 37

Research Design…………………………………………………………… 37

Research Locale…………………………………………………………… 37

Population and Sample……………………………………………………. 39

Research Instrument……………………………………………………… 39

Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………....... 39

Data Analysis Procedure…………………………………………………. 40

Statistical Treatment of the Study………………………………………... 40

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Chapter IV…………………………………………………………………..... 42

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data……….…………….. 42

Chapter V……………………………………………………………………..

Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations…….………. 50

Summary of Findings……………………………………………….. 50

Findings of the Study………………………………………………... 51

Conclusion…………………………………………………………… 53

Recommendations…………………………………………………... 54

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………….. 56

Appendices……………………………………………………………………… 62

Appendix A Research Instrument……………………………………… 62

Appendix B Certificate of Statistician………………………………….. 64

Appendix C Documentation …………………………………………… 65

Appendix D Curriculum Vitae………………………………………….. 66

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LIST OF TABLES

Tables No. Title Page

Table I Likert Scale 41

Table 1 Summary of Demographic Profile 42

Table 2 Tally of Responses in Assessment Scale 44

Table 2.1 Frequency, Percentage, and Rank of Responses in Assessment Scale 45

Table 2.2 Weighted Mean and Adjectival Equivalent of Responses in Assessment Scale 46

Table 3 Frequency, Percentage, and Rank of Contributing Factors 47

Table 3.1 Other Contributing Factors 48

Table 3.2 Respondents’ Suggestions in Improving the MSC-DRR Unit 49

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

Figure 1 Research Paradigm 7

Figure 2 Marinduque State College Spot Map 38

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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

One of many persisting problems globally is the occurrence of disasters. The World

Health Organization (WHO) defines a disaster as “an occurrence disrupting the normal

conditions of existence and causing a level of suffering which exceeds the capacity of

adjustment of the affected community.” Natural, human-induced, and technological hazards,

as well as various factors that influence a community's exposure and vulnerability, can all

contribute to disasters. Disasters strike when a community is "inadequately resourced or

organized to withstand the impact, and whose population is vulnerable due to poverty,

exclusion, or other forms of social disadvantage" (Mizutori, 2020).

The Philippines is one of the world's most disaster-prone countries due to its

geographic location, making it particularly vulnerable to natural disasters such as

earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tropical cyclones, and floods. In effect, according to the

World Risk Report 2018, the Philippines ranked third among all countries with the highest

disaster risk, with an index value of 25.14 percent (World Economic Forum, 2018). Multiple

hazards affect at least 60% of the country's total land area, and 74 percent of the population is

susceptible to their impact (GFDRR, 2017).

To address this problem, the Philippines, through the R.A. No. 10121 otherwise

known as the “Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010,” pursued

on strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, providing

for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and institutionalizing
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the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds therefor

and for other purposes; as well as the establishment of the National Disaster Risk Reduction

Management Council, and its branches down to the Local Government Level, and Provincial

Offices to spearhead the said system in their respective sectors wherein they have jurisdiction

over.

The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System aims to adopt and

implement a cohesive, comprehensive, integrated, efficient, and responsive disaster risk

reduction program incorporated in the development plan at various levels of government,

while adhering to good governance principles such as transparency and accountability in the

context of poverty alleviation and environmental protection.

Marinduque, an island province in Region 4B, Southern Luzon, Philippines, despite it

being a small, and peaceful province, it too is very susceptible to disasters. This being an

island province means disaster response from the mainland is unlikely to arrive immediately.

To compensate, Disaster Risk Reductions (DRR) Units under the Provincial Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Office (PDRRMO) in Marinduque operate on various tactical

areas in the province; one of which is the Marinduque State College (MSC) in Boac,

Marinduque.

The MSC-DRR Unit is equipped with the primary mandate of overseeing the disaster

preparedness, response, and recovery activities of the college. This particular unit, same as

with all other branches of the NDRRMC, shall oblige to the guidelines stated in section 6 of

the NDRRMC and NSC Joint Memorandum Circular No. 01 s. 2016 leaning on the

Formulation of Contingency Plans for Natural and Human-Induced Hazards.

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To address this matter, the researchers have conducted this study to ascertain the level

of disaster preparedness of the MSC - Disaster Risk Reduction Unit, and its contributing

factors following the guidelines on the aforementioned memorandum.

Statement of the Problem

Disaster risk reduction aims to prevent new disasters, reduce existing disaster risks,

and manage residual risk, all of which help to strengthen resilience and, as a result, achieve

sustainable development. As the threat of disasters is certain and prevalent, Disaster Risk

Reduction Units must be well prepared to respond and reduce risks leading to casualties, and

fatal outcomes. In addression, this particular study aimed to know the Level of Preparedness

of the Disaster Risk Reduction Unit of Marinduque State College.

Thus, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the MSC-DRR response team?

Specifically, information on the following:

 Age

 Sex

 Years of Service in the Unit

 Number of Seminars/Trainings Attended

2. What is the level of preparedness of the Disaster Risk Reduction Unit of Marinduque

State College in terms of :

a.) Formulation of contingency plans

b.) Funding for formulation, dissemination, pilot-testing, evaluation, and updating of

contingency plans
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c.) Training on formulation of contingency plans

3. What are the contributing factors on the preparedness of the Disaster Risk Reduction

Unit of MSC in facing natural and human-induced hazards?

4. What intervention(s) could be made in this study?

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study delimited its investigation on the level of preparedness of the disaster risk

reduction unit of Marinduque State College (MSC) - Boac Branch, and its contributing

factors in the Academic Year 2021-2022. Specifically, this study aimed to examine their

level of preparedness in terms of formulation of contingency plans; funding for formulation,

dissemination, pilot-testing, evaluation, and updating of contingency plans; and lastly, their

training on formulation of contingency plans. Thus, the MSC-DRR response team, and the

Head of the MSC-DRRMO were the target respondents of the study.

Significance of the Study

Given that as a result of disaster preparedness, individuals and groups were able to

better mitigate the effects of a hazard especially when it comes to reducing mortality and

casualties; this study is deemed indispensable, and relevant.

Specifically, it is significant to the following group of individuals:

To the MSC-DRR Response Team, they are the ones to respond immediately to a

disaster be it before, during, and after, therefore, results of the study may enlighten them on

what they have, what they lack, and what should be improved, be it on their methods or

resources. The results could encourage them to further put effort on their shortcomings to

better prepare for the future.

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To the MSC-DRRMO, they are the ones that implement the Disaster Risk Reduction

System in the institution, and manages all related activities of the response team, thus, in the

appraisal of the study’s results, they were motivated to put more attention into the

improvement of their response team, and their disaster preparedness as a whole to better

secure the safety of the public, especially their students and faculty members in the event of

disasters.

To the students and faculty members of Marinduque State College, they are the ones

to receive response from the aforementioned groups, with that, the effects on the

management and response team would reflected on the students and faculty members of the

institution whom they would give service to first-hand.

To the Local Government Units, public servants and officials, especially the

PDRRMO and MDRRMOs, they are the ones facilitating the activities and the situation of

their corresponding branches, hence, the outcome of the study could uplift their support on

such to enhance the province’s resources and disaster preparedness leading to more proficient

disaster measures.

To all citizens living in Marinduque, especially to vulnerable and marginalized

groups, same as with the students, and faculty members of MSC, they are the ones to

experience the response given by the various units of the PDRRMO. The improvements in

these units were reflected on the citizens, especially to vulnerable and marginalized groups,

as they are the ones that are given priority in the event of a crisis.

To future researchers who wish to use the data within this research paper for

reference material or a guide for those who want to conduct a similar study.
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Conceptual Framework

Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a method for identifying, assessing, and mitigating

disaster risks. Its goal is to reduce disaster-related socioeconomic vulnerabilities while also

addressing the environmental and other hazards that cause them through the formulation of

contingency plans. Contingency planning results in organized and coordinated courses of

action for specific actors in times of need, with clearly defined institutional roles and

resources, information processes, and operational arrangements. The United Nations Office

for Disaster Risk Reduction noted that it allows key actors to envision, anticipate, and solve

problems that may arise during disasters based on scenarios of possible emergency

conditions or hazardous events. Contingency planning is a crucial component of overall

readiness.

Factors such as demographic profile, funding, training, and the overall process and

standard operating procedures in formulating contingency plans lay both minor and major

effects on the level of disaster preparedness of a Disaster Risk Reduction Unit supported in

the under mentioned review of related literature and studies.

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Research Paradigm

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

Figure 1 shows the research paradigm of the study following an Input Process

Output (IPO) pattern. The paradigm explains the process on how the researchers identified

the level of preparedness of the Disaster Risk Reduction Unit of Marinduque State College.

The input showed the demographic profile of MSC-DRR response team; Identify the level of

preparedness of the Disaster Risk Reduction Unit of Marinduque State College in terms of:

(1) formulation of contingency plans, (2) funding for formulation, dissemination, pilot-

testing, evaluation, and updating of contingency plans, and (3) training on formulation of

contingency plans; know the contributing factors on the preparedness of the Disaster Risk

Reduction Unit of MSC in facing natural and human-induced hazards; and give

intervention(s) that could be made in this study. As a process, a self-made survey

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questionnaire was given to the respondents. Identification of the Level of Preparedness of the

Disaster Risk Reduction Unit of Marinduque State College served as the output of the study.

Definition of Terms

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) are non-state actors whose aims are to unite people to

advance shared goals and interests.

Cluster Approach is a coordination system of the NDRRMC that seeks to ensure a more

rational and efficient response by mobilizing groups of agencies, organizations and non-

government organizations to respond in a strategic manner across all key sectors or areas of

activity having a clear designated lead, in support of existing government coordination

structure and emergency response mechanisms.

Contingency Plan is a scenario-based plan for a particular and projected natural and/or

human-induced hazard. It seeks to address the impacts of the hazard to people, properties,

environment, security, and public safety; and/or to hinder the occurrence of the emerging

threats through the arrangement of timely, effective, appropriate, and well-coordinated

responses as well as the efficient management of resources.

Crisis Management (CM) includes plans and institutional arrangements to engage and

guide the efforts of government, non-government, voluntary and private agencies in

comprehensive and coordinated ways to take action to the entire spectrum of crisis needs.

Disaster Preparedness is the knowledge and capacities developed by governments,

professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively

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anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard

events or conditions.

Disaster Prevention is considered as the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards

and related disasters.

Disaster Response, sometimes referred to as “disaster relief”, predominantly focuses on

immediate and short-term needs. It is the provision of emergency services and public

assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts,

ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.

Disaster Risk is defined as the potential disaster losses in lives, health status, livelihood,

assets and services, which could happen to a particular community or a society over some

specified future time period.

Disaster Risk Reduction is considered as the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks

by means of systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters,

including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and

property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for

adverse events.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) is the systematic process of using

administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement

strategies, policies and improved coping capacities to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards

and the possibility of disaster.

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Mitigation is a structural and non-structural measure undertaken to limit the adverse impact

of natural hazards, environmental degradation, and technological hazards, and to ensure the

ability of at-risk communities to address vulnerabilities aimed at minimizing the impact of

disasters.

NDRRMC and NSC Joint Memorandum Circular No. 01, s. 2016 tackles the guidelines

on the formulation of contingency plans for natural and human-induced hazards and adoption

of contingency planning guidebook.

R.A. No. 10121, otherwise known as the “Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management (DRRM) Act”, is the policy of the Philippine State to adopt a DRRM approach

that is holistic, comprehensive, integrated, and proactive in reducing the socioeconomic and

environmental impacts of disasters including climate change, and promote the involvement

and participation of all sectors and stakeholders concerned, at all levels, especially the local

community.
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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains some related literature and related studies which have bearing

on the study.

Related Literature

The International Finance Corporation, also referred to as IFC (2010), asserted that

education is a human right, universal and inalienable. It is essentially important in enabling

people to reach their full potential and exercise other rights, and this should not be suspended

because of disasters and emergencies. Natural hazards are part of the context for educational

planning. Whether it is annually recurring floods, a once-in-5- generations earthquake, the

increasing severity of storms and cyclones, water shortages, or the slow onset of rising

seawater levels, these known and expected hazards can be mitigated with the determined

application of knowledge, education, and ingenuity. Mankind may not be able to prevent the

earth from shaking, the wind from blowing, or the rain from falling. However, with

assessment and planning, physical and environmental protection and response preparedness;

we can prevent these events from becoming disasters. Since schools are our universal

institution for sharing knowledge and skills, the expectations for schools to be role models in

disaster prevention is high. Successful disaster mitigation is one of the ultimate tests of the

success of the education we provide over generations.

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Based on the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, also referred to

as CRED (2015), natural and man-made disasters are an unfortunate fact of life that most

people around the world will have to cope with at some point in their lives.

The review of related literature hereon presents the discussion on various subsections

specifically the Philippines’ Susceptibility to Natural and Human-Induced Disasters,

Philippines’ Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, the Potential Impact of

Preparedness and Contingency Planning, and Demographics in Relation to Disaster

Preparedness.

The Philippines’ Susceptibility to Natural and Human-Induced Disasters

The Philippines, being located along both the path of the tropical storms brewing in

the western Pacific and the Ring of Fire, caused at least 60% of its total land area, nearly

300,000 square kilometers (116,000 square miles) to be vastly susceptible to natural hazards

such as typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, etc. Additionally, man-made events such

as industrial emergencies and human induced conflicts represent an ever-present

vulnerability (Padilla, 2017).

On November 6, 2013, Typhoon Haiyan (known locally as Yolanda) became one of

the strongest storms on record to make landfall. It included winds up to 200 MPH and gusts

up to 225 MPH. The typhoon overwhelmed regional capacity and affected nine out of the 17

regions in the Philippines. In its wake, Haiyan left over 6000 fatalities, 28,000 injured and

over four million displaced (Carroll, et. al, 2015).

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The Philippine National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

(NDRRMC), which serves as the National Disaster Management Agency for the Philippines,

led the response and recovery effort. Located at the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)

military headquarters at Camp Aguinaldo, the NDRRMC hosts the MNCC. The MNCC’s

purpose is to provide common situational awareness between the AFP and assisting foreign

militaries, and facilitates overall military support among assisting states (Carroll, et. al

2015).

Following the conclusion of the humanitarian response phase, many considerations

were made for future operations response and recovery. Overall, the multi-level response was

disjointed, as the influx of arrival teams overwhelmed airport authorities, causing confusion

among the various coordination bodies. (Puckett, 2017)

In the Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) 2021, the Philippines was ranked 17th in the

world as the country most affected by extreme weather events. Using 2019 data, the country

received a score of 26.67. It was ranked 2nd in the index in 2018, with a score of 11.17, the

lowest between 2015 and 2019.

In 2018, CRI records show that there were 455 total fatalities recorded in the

Philippines which ranked 4th globally by death toll; and ranked 13th in 2019, and was not

presented however in 2021.

According to Buchholz (2020), typhoon damage has increased dramatically in the last

decade with over 91 storms, and 12,376 counts of deaths in November 2020, owing in part to

Yolanda's massive devastation in 2013.

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The WorldData.info (2021), with statistics based on datas from the National

Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS), listed 29 devastating

earthquakes scaling from magnitudes 5.0 to 7.6 with a total of 361 counts of deaths since

June 2010 to August 2021.

Human-induced disasters are those that occur as a result of man-made or

technological hazards. Armed conflict situations are classified as man-made hazards. Armed

conflict becomes a disaster when it disrupts society on a large scale and causes widespread

damage and losses in addition to the physical fighting. In May 2017, during an attempt to

capture the then-IS emir in Southeast Asia, a battle broke out in Marawi City between

Philippine defense and security forces and IS-affiliated militants. The conflict quickly

escalated into a government-led siege, which lasted until October of 2017. The city was

destroyed, many residents were killed or injured, and up to 98 percent of the population was

forcibly displaced, resulting in serious humanitarian consequences. (Trias & Gong, 2020)

Trias & Gong (2020) also stated that despite having opened up to civilians in

response to the Republic Act 10121's whole-of-society approach, the Philippine disaster

management system remains heavily influenced by the military, wherein, the Task Force

Bangon Marawi is a similar case. The same pattern can be observed in national crisis and

emergency management organizations.

The Philippines’ Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System

On 27 May 2010, Republic Act 10121 entitled, “An Act strengthening the Philippine

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk
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Reduction and Management Framework and institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating Funds therefor and for other purposes” was

signed into law. Also known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act

of 2010, the law paved the way for a paradigm shift in the country’s disaster management

system from one primarily focused on response and preparedness for response to one focused

on reducing and managing disaster risks. (NDRRMC, 2020)

This national policy transformed and reformed the way the Philippines deals with

disasters and strongly recognized that risks need not become disasters and that the impacts of

disasters can be reduced by addressing the underlying causes of risk. It emphasized the

importance of strengthening people’s capacity to absorb shocks and stresses, maintain basic

functions during disasters and build back better from disasters. It likewise recognized some

long-standing good practices at the local level and institutionalized them for upscaling.

(NDRRMC, 2020)

The Philippines, through the enactment of the said Act, evolves expansion of disaster

management in the Philippines from the “whole-of-government to whole-of-society approach

or cluster approach with the inclusion of private sectors in the Council”. The mandate of the

Office of Civil Defense (OCD), being the executive arm of the National Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) has expanded which requires an operating

facility to effectively manage the consequences of all types of major disasters besetting the

country. (NDRRMC SOPG, 2021)

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The Philippines' leadership is based on the individual and combined efforts of

government agencies, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, and local

communities to promote DRR at all levels of society. In the 1970s and 1980s, the country is

best known for being one of the first places where community-based and participatory

disaster risk reduction emerged. DRR based in the community was then developed. (Gaillard,

2014)

Galliard (2014) also noted that NGOs and community-based organizations (CSOs) in

the area are driving the initiative. It was motivated by a genuine desire to reform society and

improve the living conditions of millions of poor Filipinos, particularly those who were most

vulnerable to disasters. As a result, DRR has always had a political connotation in the

Philippines.

The NDRRMC is the highest policy-making platform for disaster risk reduction and

management in the country which advises the President of the Philippines on the status of

disaster prevention and mitigation, disaster preparedness, disaster response, and disaster

recovery and rehabilitation efforts. In the discharge of its functions, the NDRRMC utilizes

and facilitates the services of the Office of Civil Defense, which serves as the Executive Arm

and Secretariat of the NDRRMC. (NDRRMC SOPG, 2021)

Potential Impact of Preparedness and Contingency Planning

Disaster Preparedness provides for key strategic actions that give importance to

community awareness and understanding, contingency planning, conduct of local drills,

competency building for survival and rescue, and the development of needed disaster
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preparedness and response plans. In preparing communities and governments for possible

disasters, pre-determined needs based on information available are crucial. Risk-related

information coming from the prevention and mitigation aspect is necessary in order for

preparedness activities to be responsive to the needs of the people and situation on the

ground. (NDRRMC, 2020)

Public authorities are widely regarded as playing an important role in contingency

planning. It is assumed that anticipating what might happen, as well as allocating resources,

personnel, equipment, crisis control rooms, tasks, responsibilities, and decision

guidance/rules in advance, will increase the chances of a successful response in the event of a

crisis. (Eriksson & McConnell, 2017)

The Environmental Monitoring Solutions (2016) defined a contingency plan as a set

of steps that you can take to help you respond effectively to a major event that may or may

not occur. It should include things like preventative controls and recovery strategies, and it

should be reviewed and updated on a regular basis.

According to Long & Eckerle (2018), any contingency plan's goal is to get an

organization back to normal operations as soon as possible after an unforeseen event. The

contingency plan safeguards resources, reduces customer annoyance, and identifies key

personnel, assigning specific responsibilities during the recovery process.

CARE Philippines’ CP Checklist based on the NDRRMC Contingency Planning

Guidebook (2020) is subdivided into 8 sections namely (1) Risk Assessment (2) Early

Warning System (3) Food Security, Non-Food Items, and Livelihoods (4) Shelter/Camp
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Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) (5) Health/Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (6)

Protection (7) Response Structure; and (8) Risk Communications and Community

Engagement (RCCE), wherein each section includes several recommended actions

With the increased importance of contingency planning, it is now used not only in

DRRM, but also in Crisis Management (CM), which "involves plans and institutional

arrangements to engage and guide the efforts of government, non-government, voluntary, and

private agencies in comprehensive and coordinated ways to respond to the entire spectrum of

crisis needs." As a result, CP has been designated as one of the operationalizing tools of the

National Crisis Management Core Manual (NCMCM) of 2012, as stipulated by Executive

Order (EO) No. 82 series of 2012. (NDRRMC- OCD, 2020)

Demographics in Relation to Disaster Preparedness

Experience is one factor that has been identified as influencing preparedness.

Experience is a complicated factor. It can include direct personal experience with hazardous

situations. People often lack such personal experience due to the infrequency and diversity of

major hazard events. The Sendai recommendations (United Nations, 2015), particularly the

Build Back Better (BBB) recommendation, are one reason why more systematic research

into the relationship between disaster experience and preparedness is required. Beyond the

physical, the BBB concept can include using disaster experience as a catalyst for developing

future DRR capabilities, such as preparedness. (Becker et al., 2017)

According to the United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction (2015), as stated

in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, the steady increase in
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disaster risk, including the increased exposure of people and assets, combined with lessons

learned from previous disasters, points to the need to improve disaster preparedness for

response, take action in advance of events, integrate disaster risk reduction into response

preparedness, and ensure that capacities for effective response and recovery are in place at all

levels. It is critical to empower women and people with disabilities to take public leadership

and promote gender-equal and universally accessible response, recovery, rehabilitation, and

reconstruction initiatives.

Women and their participation are critical to effectively managing disaster risk and

designing, resourcing, and implementing gender-sensitive disaster risk reduction policies,

plans, and programs; and adequate capacity building measures are needed to empower

women for disaster preparedness as well as to build their capacity to secure alternate sources

of income in post-disaster situations. (UNDRR, 2015)

According to the same reference, they asserted that children and teenagers are change

agents who, in accordance with legislation, national practice, and educational curricula,

should be given the space and opportunities to contribute to disaster risk reduction.

The United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction (2015) also averred that older

people have years of knowledge, skills, and wisdom to contribute to disaster risk reduction,

and they should be included in the development of policies, strategies, and methods,

including early warning systems.

Allen & Katz (2010) stated that ultimately, we show how to include demography into

public health emergency preparedness plans to create more effective strategies. Important
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policy implications emerge: in order to increase community resilience and lessen the

consequences of public health catastrophes, demographers and preparation professionals

must work more explicitly.

Related Studies

The review of related studies presents local and foreign references similar to the

researchers’ study.

Local

According to the study of Alcayna et al. (2016) entitled “Resilience and Disaster

Trends in the Philippines: Opportunities for National and Local Capacity Building,”

throughout the disaster continuum, numerous activities in community-based resilience and

DRR have been identified. There are still significant gaps in research and practice. It is

unknown how effectively disaster risk is communicated to the general public. There have

been few studies to assess the Philippines' combined socio-ecological resilience at the local

and national levels in order to assist decision-makers in identifying areas of high

vulnerability. Organizations such as the Manila Observatory and the Department of Science

and Technology provide comprehensive risk and vulnerability mapping on a national and

localized scale. There are post-disaster assessments, but there is a greater need for

comparable pre-disaster risk assessments to be generated and shared with communities.

In the study of Hoffmann et al. (2017) entitled “Learn from the past, prepare for the

future: Impacts of education and experience on disaster preparedness in the Philippines and

Thailand,” they discovered that education and disaster experience influence the propensity to
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take precautionary measures in both countries and for both outcome measures. According to

the logit models, an extra year of schooling increases the likelihood of taking preparedness

measures by 6.3 percent in the Philippines and by 4.1 percent in Thailand. Similarly, disaster

experience has a highly significant effect on disaster preparedness in all estimates. According

to the logit models, being affected by a disaster in the previous three years increases the

likelihood of being prepared by 2.8 and 2.7 times in the Philippines and Thailand,

respectively. The effects of disaster experience are mirrored in the ordered logit regressions

as well.

Moreover, the study by Mamon et al. (2017) entitled “Disaster risk reduction

knowledge of Grade 11 students: Impact of Senior High School disaster education in the

Philippines,” of the 120 respondents, 33.33% understand when a disaster will occur, followed

by 30.00% who feel uncertain about this DRR issue. The majority of respondents (42.50%)

do not have a clear idea that disasters cannot be prevented. In addition, a high percentage of

students (35.00%) understand the importance of attending disaster risk awareness seminars

and training, with 20.83% and 20.00% of 11th grade students having no clear idea. Most

respondents are ready and prepared for disaster risks because they value sharing disaster

knowledge and experiences. They recognize the importance of having conversations about

disasters with their family and other people, they know their government can provide

assistance during disasters, they are confident that there will be immediate rehabilitation after

a disaster, and they learn about disaster risks from experts.

To support the study of Mamon et al. (2017), the study of Fernandez and Shaw (2015)

entitled “Youth participation in disaster risk reduction through science clubs in the
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Philippines,” youth can become a link between their school, home, and community by

participating in science clubs and contributing to the spread of knowledge about disaster

prevention, preparedness, and response learned in and out of the classroom.

In addition, according to the study of Fernandez et al. (2012) entitled, “Community-

based disaster risk management experience of the Philippines”. In Community-based disaster

risk reduction.Community Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) initiatives are deeply

ingrained in Philippine society, not only because of the country's vulnerability to natural

disasters but also because of the culture of community collaboration known as bayanihan and

the history of social movement fueled by people's discontent. with poor management leads to

social injustice and environmental degradation (Heijmans, 2009; as cited in Fernandez et

al.,2012). CBDRM in the Philippines is a change mechanism in civil society (Allen, 2006;

Heijmans, 2009; as cited in Fernandez et al.,2012). In this way, community-based approaches

are a fundamental form of participant empowerment and an attractive strategy to enhance

bottom-up transmission of ideas and needs (Allen, 2006; as cited in Fernandez et al.,2012).

In a recent study by Dollete and Rogayan (2020) entitled “Disaster awareness and

preparedness of the barrio community in Zambales, Philippines: Creating a Baseline for

Curricular Integration and Extension Program” they determined the level of disaster

awareness and practice among barrio community members. Respondents have encountered

many disasters such as strong storms, earthquakes, floods and volcanic eruptions. Their life

experiences have taught them to prepare for and prepare for any disaster that may arise. In

addition, their life experiences have encouraged them to practice disaster resilience.

Additionally, residents of the Zambales neighborhood described the storms as "very

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destructive"; and volcanic eruptions, floods, earthquakes, landslides and fires are

"destructive"; because they consider tsunamis and storm surges "strong". Respondents'

perceptions are based on their life experiences and also on their understanding of

information they obtain from the media, including television, radio and newspapers. In terms

of disaster perception, Zambaleños is highly aware of the effects of "strong" hurricanes

and moderately aware of floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, fires, storm

surge, and tsunamis. Raising awareness about various disasters in the barrio's community

will not only save lives, but also save the economy.

In addition, according to the study of Cuaton and Su (2020) entitled “Local-

indigenous knowledge on disaster risk reduction: Insights from the Mamanwa indigenous

peoples in Basey, Samar after Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines,” the failure to incorporate

local-indigenous knowledge into disaster risk reduction (DRR) state policies such as the

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act and the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act, as

well as non-indigenous people's low regard for local-indigenous knowledge manifested in

social prejudice and discrimination, are examined. Despite these obstacles, local DRR

practitioners come up with creative ways to incorporate indigenous knowledge into local

programs and activities.

Duque et al. (2013), in their study entitled, “Development of a National Occupational

Therapy Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan: The Philippine Experience”, to be part

of disaster preparedness and response in the Philippines, occupational therapists need to be

better equipped. Faced with this need, the Occupational Therapists Association of the

Philippines (OTAP), the national association of occupational therapists in the country,

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organized a national workshop to develop a national plan for prevention and disaster

response in occupational therapy. They have obtained the cooperation of a number of

government and private individuals and organizations to achieve their goals. It refers to the

goals and tasks included in the plan.

According to Asio (2020), entitled “Disaster management program compliance and

problems encountered in two provinces in Central Luzon, Philippines”, stated

that mindfulness and discernment, financial and technical resources, policy, institutional

arrangements, leadership, and human resources avert effective and timely institutional

preparedness and responses to disaster. They also highlighted from a study the important

understanding of the risk perceptions and responses of individuals to climate change and

natural disasters. With the ideas and concepts that pertain to disaster risk reduction and

management programs, climate change adaptation, and climate-related disaster risk reduction

policies should be brought to light.

Moreover, Galindo and Villanueva (2014) in their study entitled, “Organizational

preparedness for natural disasters in Ozamiz City, Philippines”, the disaster response

capacity of governmental and non-governmental organizations directly responsible for the

operation of critical infrastructure and emergency management functions in the city of

Ozamiz. The area was chosen because commercial activities are concentrated in coastal areas

and a large part of the population lives near the coastal area, which makes the area vulnerable

to hydrological events. This study used a survey method. Survey questionnaires were

administered to 254 directors and employees from 45 organizations and follow-up interviews

were conducted. The overall findings suggest that organizations are moderately prepared for
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natural disasters. However, results from the individual infrastructure category show that

facilities, utilities and transport organizations are less prepared. The organizations

responsible for electricity, fuel, gas, energy, waste and water utilities ranked highest with the

lowest availability. The findings of this study can help identify vulnerabilities and strategies

to improve the resilience of these critical infrastructures and institutions and may provide a

basis for improvement. improve local policies related to disaster response.

In the study of Rico (2019) entitled, “School-community Collaboration: Disaster

Preparedness towards building Resilient Communities, the impact of the disaster could not be

diminished, as the occurrence of the disaster threatened national and international security in

the highlands. Disasters not only impair daily life, but also adversely affect an individual's

life, with significant impacts on social and social conditions, economic activity and progress,

and the emotional and psychological impact of the individual. As the third country in the

world with high hazard exposure, the Philippines aims to maximize the resources and

resources that may help develop disaster risk mitigation approaches and practices.

Collaboration between schools, the source of relevant knowledge and the basis of behavioral

formation, and communities, the source of individual and group identities, is seen as a

powerful means of promoting people's resilience. This study explores the role of schools and

communities in mitigating disaster risk and how their collaboration creates links between

stakeholders and between stakeholders.

Mohammed (2018), stated in his study entitled, “Disaster risk reduction and management

of Tarlac City,” focused on the disaster risk reduction and management in Tarlac City. The

city's disaster risk reduction and management structure; identified hazards and evacuation
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areas; the City of Tarlac DRRM plan in the four thematic areas identified in the NDRRM

plan; CDRRMO vehicles, equipment and resources; and community stakeholders are

introduced. CDRRMC and CDRRMO are established and operate according to their terms of

reference, based on the Certificate of Recognition issued by DILG to the City of Tarlac for

Disaster Preparedness. The structure of the CDRRMO was approved by the city council but

lacks funding to fill the positions identified. CDRRMO has a hazard map with bays identified

at risk of flooding, currents and earthquakes. The city government's thematic action

plans are aligned with Sendai's Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. This is clearly

shown in the list of programs and projects in their action plan. The existence of

community responders shows that the city government is extending its support to the

barangay level by training local officials on how to respond in the event of a disaster.

In addition, according to the study of Raza (2018), stated that extreme weather events

like Super Typhoon Haiyan that devastated the country on November 8, 2013 was a wakeup

call for urgent and immediate action, not only on integrating Disaster Risk Management

(DRM), but also in addressing Climate Change (CC) variation impacts [1] in cities and

municipalities. The study also implies that there exists an important difference between

coping and adaptive capacities. Coping is typically used to refer to ex post actions, while

adaptation is normally associated with ex ante actions. This implies that coping capacity also

refers to the ability to react and reduce the adverse effects of experienced hazards, whereas

adaptive capacity refers to the ability to anticipate and transform structures, functions, or

organizations to better survive any hazards. The Philippines’ existing DRR and CCA laws,
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policies and principle guidelines are aligned with most of the bilateral international

agreements, conventions, frameworks and action plans.

In a research study of Leong et al. (2013), stated that the world’s second most deadly

disaster of the year 2011, tropical Storm Washi (known as Sendong in the Philippines)

landed along the east coast of Mindanao, Philippines, causing 1,292 deaths, 1,049 missing,

2,002 injured, and total 695,195 people (110,806 families) affected. They briefly discussed

the hydro-meteorological aspects of Washi, as well as its destructive effects on society and

the economy, as well as the Philippines government's response and recovery efforts during

the Washi period. The study analyzed the gaps and needs in parts of DRR actions based on

the disaster effect assessment and outlined the future challenges in typhoon related disaster

preparedness and reduction in the Philippines. Based on their study, the disaster reached

enormous proportions due mainly to three simultaneous factors: 1) very intense rainfall,

occurrence of rainfall during early morning when people were asleep; 2) high tide that

prevented a greater flow of the Cagayan de Oro and Mandulog rivers to the sea; 3) the area of

Northern Mindanao had not experience of this level of tropical storms before, the general

population had a false sense of security. Despite the bulletins from PAGASA, measures were

not taken at local level and no flood warning was issued for CDO and Iligan cities.

Furthermore, in a recent study of Esteban et. al. (2020) entitled “Disaster awareness

in three low risk coastal communities in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines,” the

Philippines is extremely vulnerable to natural disasters. As a result, the country now has a

comprehensive catastrophe risk database, which includes a variety of hazard and risk maps

that may be used as a guide for developing development plans. Some settlements, such as
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those in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, are in comparatively low-risk zones (with many

inhabitants of the city believing it to be safe). They seek to ascertain how disaster risk is

understood in coastal areas that are only slightly susceptible to natural hazards, in order to

provide strategies to improve disaster risk governance.

Foreign

According to the study of Nifa et. al. (2018) entitled, “A study on awareness of

disaster risk reduction (DRR) among university students: The case of PETRONAS

residential hall students”, Disaster Risk Reduction must begin at home, in communities and

in schools because education institutions play a crucial role in shaping children’s minds to

become responsible citizens in the future. The topic of disaster must be learnt by children at

an early age in order to reduce their vulnerabilities to disasters. And the hazard prone areas,

policymakers have the responsibility to ensure and protect children from unwanted incidents.

Thus, in order to improve the study on awareness of Disaster Risk Reduction among

students, further research needs to be conducted as well as increase the disaster awareness

program.

To support the study of Nifa et. al. (2018), the study conducted by Ntali (2016),

revealed that the Disaster Risk Reduction issues have been included in some of the

universities but the teaching of it is still very low. Generally, universities are vulnerable to

various hazards due to lack of awareness, poor management measures and improper

inclusion of Disaster Risk Reduction issues that could help in mitigating, preparing and

minimizing its occurrence and impacts.

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In addition, Amirrol & Zubir (2011) highlighted in their study entitled, “Disaster Risk

Reduction through Community Participation” communities must be aware of the importance

of disaster reduction for their own well-being. Measures to develop essential skills that can

translate risk awareness into concrete practices of sustained risk management become a

necessity. With that, several studies have revealed that the approach to disaster mitigation is

becoming more and more community-based and a considerable amount of work effort has

been

done in order to incorporate aspects of disaster management into the holistic develop

ment of communities.

Likewise, the study by Sardi et. al. (2019) entitled “Assessing disaster risk and

resilience: a case study in urban flood vulnerable community in Kampung Asahan, Kuala

Selangor”, stated that there is a new insight into testing urban resilience and developing a

social resilience strategy for reducing disaster risk. However, in reality, for a developing

country, this is a great challenge and task to consider. Thus, their study was focused on urban

disaster awareness to improve public participation and disaster resiliency wherein there are

already frameworks for financial resource mobilization and measures to summarize the

important hazard-resilient buildings.

In addition, according to the study of Bagarinao (2017) entitled “Preparing for A

Natural Disaster: A Knowledge Survey of Rural Households in a Developing Country”,

having a better knowledge on disaster preparedness strategies or plans is already a one

significant step that a person could take to prepare for a disaster. Disaster preparedness in
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recent years is no longer an option among everyone who is at the forefront of a disaster. It is

imperative that each person should learn a certain disaster preparedness strategy to better

respond to a disaster or minimize its impacts.

Moreover, Hoffmann and Muttarak (2015) stated in their study entitled, “A Tale of

Disaster Experience in Two Countries: Does Education Promote Disaster Preparedness in the

Philippines and Thailand”, that preparing for a disaster can substantially minimize loss and

damages from natural hazards. Amongst other socio-demographic determinants, disaster

experience and education are found to be key predictors of individual disaster preparedness.

The effect of education on disaster preparedness is mainly mediated through social capital

and disaster risk perception in Thailand but there is no evidence that education is mediated

through other observable channels in the Philippines.

According to the study conducted by the Aso Staff Writers (2019) entitled, “How to

Prevent, Prepare, Respond And Recover in The Face of Emergencies and Disasters”,

students, faculty and administrators can prepare themselves for emergencies at school in a

number of ways, from conducting regular, emergency-specific drills to making sure the

building’s infrastructure is up to code. When emergencies do happen, schools need to know

how to respond appropriately and recover as quickly and effectively as possible.

In a recent study by Goniewicz et al. (2020) entitled “The Impact of Experience,

Length of Service, and Workplace Preparedness in Physicians’ Readiness in the Response to

Disasters,” they analyzed the preparedness of 549 physicians from all medical centers in

Lublin, Poland to formulate their observations, suggestions, and recommendations

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concerning the improvement of the chain of response in disaster management. The

questionnaire (Supplementary Materials) had 13 items and was designed to take 5–10

minutes to complete. There were five questions (questions 1–2, 7–9) that tried to quantify the

perceived preparation. Each question in this group was phrased as a statement that could be

responded to on a Likert scale of 1 to 5, with 5 denoting extremely well/high and 1 denoting

extremely low (very low, low, possible, probable, extremely well/high). Questions 3–6 were

about experience and may be answered with a simple yes/no or by writing a choice. The

demographic questions 10–14 were the last to be answered. The findings of this study

demonstrate that physicians' perceived preparedness for crisis management and response is

not as high as it should be, with the majority of respondents believing their preparedness to

be insufficient. Physicians need to be trained in disaster management and disaster medicine

principles, with a focus on the specificity of rescue response to emergencies following

disasters, as well as medical and non-medical aspects of the response, with a special

emphasis on a management approach that covers all hazards.

Najafi et al. (2015), in their study “Demographic Determinants of Disaster

Preparedness Behaviors Amongst Tehran Inhabitants, Iran” evaluated the effects of some

demographic factors on disaster preparedness behaviors amongst Tehran inhabitants.

Residents of Tehran aged 18 and up were included in the target population. A total of 1250

people were chosen at random and asked to fill out a standardized questionnaire. The study's

findings revealed that monthly income level, prior disaster experience, residential district,

and employment are all demographic factors that have a substantial impact on disaster
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preparedness behaviors. Gender, educational level, number of family members, home type,

home ownership, and being the head of household had no effect on disaster preparedness.

According to Pathirage et al. (2014) in their study entitled “Knowledge, Factors, and

Associated Challenges for Successful Disaster Knowledge Sharing”, knowledge management

can portray a vital role through ensuring the availability and accessibility of accurate and

reliable disaster risk information when required, and through effective lesson learning. Based

on their study, there are different categories of disaster knowledge that are classified based

on their characteristics, and those are technological, social, environmental, legal, economical,

operational or managerial, institutional, and political. These factors are common for all types

of disasters, and across four phases of the disaster cycle such as mitigation, preparedness,

recovery, and response. It was then concluded that people’s attitude and perceptions hinder

their involvement in disaster management. Therefore, in order to manage disasters

successfully, it is important to consider these aspects.

A case study of Pakhtunkhwa (2020) entitled “Disaster Risk Management Insight on

School Emergency Preparedness” stated that pupils in Pakistan are continually exposed to

dangers since they spend the majority of their time at schools, and are therefore ideal targets

for natural disasters. It is particularly critical for schools in nations like Pakistan, where

disaster preparedness is a choice rather than a requirement, to provide a strong Disaster Risk

Reduction (DRR) program. The current study takes a practical approach to disaster risk

management and school emergency preparation in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province

(Peshawar, Charsadda, Nowshera, and Dera Ismail Khan). The perspectives and replies from
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the interview data were organized using thematic analysis. Through semi-structured

individual interviews, one-hundred (100) people in various roles such as students in senior

school, primary school, as well as headteachers, and teachers from the twenty schools, were

interviewed. The current study discovered recurring reactions, allowing the creation of six

primary themes: 1-alert; 2-emergency planning; 3-preparation measures/protective activities;

4-school building design for safety; 5-school planning for continuance; and 6-hazard

education and training. The findings show that schools are still at danger of flooding due to a

lack of disaster risk management strategies. According to the report, governments should

redesign and renovate present school buildings to guarantee that kids and instructors are

adequately protected in the event of a disaster. To create resilience and self-efficacy in times

of crisis, the schools collaborate to establish emergency plans and scenarios with local

institutions and disaster response groups. Furthermore, allow school officials, including

teachers and other employees, to improve their professional development in emergency

response and management, as well as solutions for school-based disaster response and

recovery.

In a study by Shannon (2019) entitled “Understanding Community-Level Disaster

and Emergency Response Preparedness,” residents of a mid-sized midwestern county were

given a 20-item survey on disaster preparedness in general. Residents were asked to share

their knowledge of local hazards, emergency preparedness, and personal safety. The survey

was completed by a convenience sample of 423 residents. Limited personal preparedness was

reported by 57% (n=241) of respondents. 76% (n=321) said they knew little to nothing about

home emergency systems, and 52% (n=220) said they had no idea how to get information on
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public health emergencies like pandemic flu and evacuation response. The author then

concluded that citizens in the area should be educated on how to support personal disaster

and emergency preparedness. These concepts should be included in routine community

health promotion activities, with special attention paid to known areas of community

vulnerability, according to health care and emergency management organizations.

AlHarastani et al. (2020) conducted a study entitled “Emergency and Disaster

Preparedness at a Tertiary Medical City” to evaluate the readiness of a tertiary medical cityʼs

response to a disaster by assessing the hospital resources and knowledge, attitudes, practices,

and familiarity of health care providers toward disaster and emergency preparedness. The

Emergency Preparedness Information Questionnaire (EPIQ), knowledge and practice

questionnaires, and a disaster planning attitude checklist were all completed by the

participants. The hospital disaster preparedness self-assessment tool was used to collect data

on resources. The overall mean familiarity score was 3.43 0.97, and the overall mean

knowledge score for disaster and emergency preparedness was 4.4 1.1. The majority of

participants were aware that disaster drills (90.2%) and training (74.6%) are ongoing. Sixty-

six percent (21.0 percent) of respondents agreed that KFMC is unlikely to suffer a disaster.

Decontamination (83.0 percent) and accessing critical resources and reporting (64.3 percent)

received the highest and lowest EPIQ familiarity scores, respectively. Although the majority

of participants (99.4%) have access to work computers, only 53.0% used the Internet to

access bioterrorism and/or emergency preparedness information. According to the tool, the

hospital is prepared to respond in the event of a disaster. The researchers then concluded that

the participants' levels of knowledge, practices, and overall familiarity with emergency and
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disaster preparedness were satisfactory; however, participant attitudes and familiarity with

where and how to access critical resources in an emergency or disaster situation need to be

reinforced.

In a 2012 study conducted by Furbee et al. entitled “Realities of Rural Emergency

Medical Services Disaster Preparedness,” Emergency medical services (EMS) response

experiences during specific incidents, as well as the frequency with which these events occur,

were described in a multi-region survey of 1,801 EMS organizations in the United States. A

series of questions about local priorities were posed to respondents. As a result, A total of

768 surveys were completed and returned (43%). Training for commonly occurring types of

crises and emergencies has decreased in recent years in favor of terrorism preparedness.

Many rural EMS organizations said that events with ten or fewer victims would be too much

for them to handle. Interaction with non-EMS disaster response agencies was given a low

priority, while basic staff training and retention were given a high priority. The researchers

concluded that to mitigate the long-term effects of disasters on a local healthcare system, it is

critical to maintain viable rural emergency response capabilities and develop a community-

wide response to natural or man-made events. This study's assessment of preparedness

activities will aid in identifying common themes in order to better prioritize preparedness

activities and maximize an EMS organization's response capabilities.

Researchers from the University of Salford Manchester AlShamsi & Pathirage (2015)

conducted a study entitled “The role of effective contingency planning in managing extreme

disasters in UAE” that examined disaster and emergency management in general. It has also
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drawn in the importance of the preparedness phase and its concepts for ensuring public

safety. The importance of effective contingency planning for both the preparedness and

response phases has been highlighted by an examination of what contingency planning is and

an explanation of the components and basic concept of contingency. The lack of contingency

planning in the UAE was also mentioned in this study, though the continued occurrence of

extreme events in the United States does not indicate the presence of contingency planning.

This study has been able to provide an understanding of contingency planning and the

importance of having a contingency plan developed in anticipation of scenarios that require a

dynamic response strategy, particularly in the United Arab Emirates and made a contribution

to the field of emergency and disaster preparedness by focusing on better planning for

extreme disasters and complex emergencies using contingency planning.

Reflection of the Authors

The aforementioned related literature and studies are relevant to this research.

Majority of it discusses the concept, and interrelationship of disaster preparedness and

contingency planning. Some discuss demographic and external factors that contribute to

one's level of disaster preparedness.

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Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study used a quantitative research design. According to djsresearch.co (2021), it

is a design that employs quantitative research methods which focus on objective

measurements and statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through

polls, questionnaires, and surveys, as well as manipulating pre-existing statistical data using

computational techniques. Quantitative research is concerned with collecting numerical data

and generalizing it across groups of people or explaining a phenomenon, thus, was used to

interpret the gathered data from the undermentioned research instrument. This study also

incorporates the used of descriptive research design. According to QuestionPro (2022), this

method primarily focuses on describing the nature of a demographic segment. Descriptive

research entails gathering quantifiable and systematic data that can be used to analyze the

research problem statistically, thus was used to interpret the data in the first and last parts of

the research instrument.

Hence, this design was used to determine the level of preparedness of the Disaster

Risk Reduction Unit of Marinduque State College.

Research Locale

The locale of this study was the Marinduque State College – Boac Campus, located in

Brgy. Tanza, Boac, Marinduque wherein the population and sample are to be selected to

participate in the study. In addition, this was the chosen locale because it was comfortable for
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the researchers, as both the study's proponents and respondents are at the same institution.

Thus, there was a DRR response team unit in the said institution that can participate in the

study's survey, whereas it is of great help to the researchers to gather enough information for

the study.

Figure 2. Marinduque State College Spot Map

Figure 2 shows the map of Marinduque State College wherein the study will be

conducted.
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Population and Sample

Among the faculty members of Marinduque State College - Boac Campus, only

thirteen (13) respondents was purposely selected to participate in the study. These appellants

are specifically, the head of the MSC-DRRMO (1), and the twelve (12) members of the

DRR-Response Team.

Research Instrument

This study used a self-made questionnaire as the main tool to collect first-hand

information from the respondents since the researchers haven’t found a standardized

questionnaire that matches the desired content of the study. The self-made questionnaire was

validated by the research-experts authorities or the persons knowledgeable in the field of

research. Thus, the indicators of the self-made questionnaire were based on the review of

related literature and studies.

Moreover, the self-made questionnaires are divided into three parts. The first part

included the demographic profile of the respondents, specifically the MSC-DRR response

team. The second part incorporated different indicators that assess the level of preparedness

of the DRR Unit of Marinduque State College. And the last part focused on identifying the

contributing factors on the preparedness of the DRR Unit of MSC in facing natural and

human-induced hazards.

Data Gathering Procedure

Prior to the actual conduct and administration of the instruments, the researchers

distributed the questionnaire according to the vacant schedule or during the accessible time
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of the respondents to have their full attention when answering the given questions. The

researchers are aware that being accountable is important, thus, the researchers are prepared

with the respondents’ consultation regarding the questionnaire. The questionnaires were

made and distributed online through Google Forms to prevent the physical contact while the

country is still under the pandemic, as well as to lessen the expenses which are convenient to

both respondents and researchers.

Data Analysis Procedure

After the retrieval of the questionnaires, the researchers immediately proceed to the

analysis of the data gathered wherein it involves the interpretation and tallying of data

through the use of analytical and logical reasoning using the undermentioned statistical

treatments to determine the results of the said research. The analyzed data were interpreted

using the aforementioned research designs. Afterwards, the researchers formulated

conclusions that are aligned with the study’s purposes.

Statistical Treatment of the Study

For the purpose of determining the level of preparedness of the Disaster Risk

Reduction Unit of Marinduque State College, the researchers employed descriptive statistics

such as frequency count, percentage, and mean.

Percentage

Formula: % = F/N x 100

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Wherein: % = Percentage

F = Frequency

N = Total Number of Respondents

Percentage was used to express how large one quantity is relative to another quantity,

thus it will be utilized to summarize the demographic profile of the respondents.

Weighted Mean

Formula: WM = TWF/N

Wherein: WM = Weighted Mean

TM = Total weighted Frequency

N = Total Number of Respondents

A weighted mean was used to calculate the average value of the data, thus it was used

to determine the level of preparedness of the MSC-DRR Unit. To accomplish this, the

researchers used a Likert Scale with a five point rating scale to describe the subject’s level of

disaster preparedness.

Table I. Likert Scale

Range (Mean Score) Adjectival Equivalent

4.1 - 5.0 Very Well Prepared

3.1 - 4.0 Well Prepared

2.1 - 3.0 Sufficiently Prepared

1.1 - 2.0 Insufficiently Prepared

0.5 - 1.0 Not Prepared

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Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered, organized and processed statistically, then

carefully interpreted to obtain information that would answer the problem raised in Chapter I.

For organization purposes, tables are arranged according to the statement of the

problems. Each one is immediately followed by analysis, interpretation and discussion based

on the concepts, principles, and theories discussed in the review of related literature and

studies and theoretical framework.

Respondent Age Sex Years of Service Number of DRR-Related

in the Unit Seminars/Trainings Attended

Respondent 1 53 M 6 months 2

Respondent 2 34 M 2 years 12

Respondent 3 47 M 1 year 4

Respondent 4 53 M 1 year 3

Respondent 5 49 M 1 year 4

Respondent 6 52 M 6 months 2

Respondent 7 46 M 6 months 2

Respondent 8 30 M 2 years 6

Respondent 9 32 M 8 months 2

Respondent 10 50 M 1 year 3
Table 1. Summary of Demographic Profile

Table 1 shows the summary of the demographic profile of the respondents. The age

of the faculty member’s ranges from 30 up to 53 years old, which means that the people hired

in the DRR unit in MSC are of older ages. On the other hand, it is visible that men are mostly
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hired for the job, and their years of service in the unit vary from six months to two years.

Furthermore, columns four and five imply that the respondents who have the lowest years of

service in the unit have the least seminars attended, whereas the faculty members who have

the longest years of service have a higher number of seminars attended. The results then

greatly implies that age does not serve as a contributing factor for the seminars attended by

each faculty member, and instead the years of service serves as a more affecting variable.
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Respondents Formulation of Funding for formulation, Training on

Contingency dissemination, pilot-testing, formulation of
Plan evaluation, and updating of contingency plan
contingency plans

Respondent 1 4 - Well Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared

Respondent 2 4 - Well Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared 4 - Well Prepared

Respondent 3 3 - Sufficiently 3 - Sufficiently Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared

Prepared

Respondent 4 4 - Well Prepared 4 - Well Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared

Respondent 5 4 - Well Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared

Respondent 6 3 - Sufficiently 3 - Sufficiently Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared

Prepared

Respondent 7 4 - Well Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared

Respondent 8 5 - Very Well 4 - Well Prepared 4 - Well Prepared

Prepared

Respondent 9 5- Very Well 3 - Sufficiently Prepared 4 - Well Prepared

Prepared

Respondent 10 4 - Well Prepared 4 - Well Prepared 3 - Sufficiently Prepared

Table 2. Tally of Responses in Assessment Scale

Table 2 indicates the tally of responses in the assessment scale. As tabulated above, in

the “Formulation of Contingency Plan” column, 2 out of 10 respondents responded

Sufficiently Prepared; 6 out of 10 responded Well Prepared; and 2 out of 10 responded Very

Well Prepared. In the “Funding for formulation, dissemination, pilot-testing, evaluation, and

updating of contingency plans,” 7 out of 10 responded Sufficiently Prepared; and 3 out of 10

responded Well Prepared. Meanwhile, in the “Training on formulation of contingency plan,”

7 out of 10 responded Sufficiently Prepared; and 3 out of 10 responded Well Prepared.

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Formulation of Contingency plan

Frequency Percentage Rank

5 - Very Well Prepared 2 20% 2.5

4 - Well Prepared 6 60% 1

3 - Sufficiently Prepared 2 20% 2.5

2 - Insufficiently Prepared 0 0% 4

1 - Not Prepared 0 0% 4

Funding for formulation, dissemination, pilot-testing, evaluation, and updating of

contingency plans

5 - Very Well Prepared 0 0% 4

4 - Well Prepared 3 30% 2

3 - Sufficiently Prepared 7 70% 1

2 - Insufficiently Prepared 0 0% 4

1 - Not Prepared 0 0% 4

Training on formulation of contingency plan

5 - Very Well Prepared 0 0% 4

4 - Well Prepared 3 30% 2

3 - Sufficiently Prepared 7 70% 1

2 - Insufficiently Prepared 0 0% 4

1 - Not Prepared 0 0% 4
Table 2.1 Frequency, Percentage, and Rank of Responses in Assessment Scale

Table 2.1 shows the frequency, percentage, and rank of responses as tabulated in table

2. In the “Formulation of Contingency Plan” section, Very Well Prepared, Well, Prepared,

and Sufficiently Prepared has a frequency of 2, 6, 2; a percentage of 20%, 60%, 20%, and a
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rank of 2.5, 1, and 2.5 respectively. In the “Funding for formulation, dissemination, pilot-

testing, evaluation, and updating of contingency plans” section, Well, Prepared, and

Sufficiently Prepared has a frequency of 3,7; a percentage of 30%, 70%, and a rank of 2.5, 1,

and 2 respectively. In the “Training on formulation of contingency plan” section, Well,

Prepared, and Sufficiently Prepared has a frequency of 3,7; a percentage of 30%, 70%, and a

rank of 2.5, 1, and 2 respectively. Correspondingly, the most common response with the

highest frequency, percentage, and rank is Well Prepared.

Weighted Adjectival
Mean Equivalent

Formulation of Contingency Plan 4.0 Well Prepared

Funding for formulation, dissemination, pilot-testing, 3.3 Well Prepared

evaluation, and updating of contingency plans

Training on formulation of contingency plan 3.3 Well Prepared

General Weighted Mean: 3.53

= Well Prepared

Table 2.2 Weighted Mean and Adjectival Equivalent of Responses in Assessment Scale

Table 2.2 conveys the weighted mean, and the adjectival equivalent of responses.

Using a 5-point Likert Scale, the computed Weighted Mean of “Formulation of Contingency

Plan,” “Funding for formulation, dissemination, pilot-testing, evaluation, and updating of

contingency plans,” and “Training on formulation of contingency plan” are 4.0, 3.3, and 3.3

respectively, with an adjectival equivalent of “Well Prepared.” Overall, the General

Weighted Mean is 3.53, with a general adjectival equivalent of “Well Prepared”. This
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denotes that the Disaster Risk Reduction Unit of Marinduque State is Well Prepared in the

said criteria’s; therefore the Level of Preparedness of the said Unit is Well Prepared.

Contributing Factors Frequency Percentage Rank

Funding 8 80% 2.5

Training 9 90% 1

Employee Awareness 8 80% 2.5

Public Awareness 6 60% 5

Program Building 2 20% 7

Management Activity 6 60% 5

Administrative Support 6 60% 5

Others 5 50% 6
Table 3. Frequency, Percentage, and Rank of Contributing Factors

Table 3 indicates the frequency, percentage, and rank of contributing factors in the

level of preparedness of the DRR unit in MSC. The results show that training serves as the

most contributing factor with a frequency of 9 and a percentage of 90%. It was followed by

funding, and employee awareness that has a frequency of 8, and a percentage of 80%.

Meanwhile, 60% of the respondents answered public awareness, management activity, and

administrative support. It has a frequency of 6, and ranked fifth among all contributing

factors. On the other hand, 50% of the respondents answered for others, and this has a

frequency of 5. It ranked second to the least contributing factors. The least factor that

contributes to the level of preparedness is program building that has a frequency of 2, and a

percentage of 20%. Overall, among the provided contributing factors, the most factor that
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affects the level of preparedness of the DRR unit in MSC is training, while the least

contributing factor is program building.

Respondent Other Factors

1 Linkages to other LGU such as PHO, PDRRMO, MDRRMO, PNR, etc.

2 Having good communication and cooperation with each other.

5 Good contact and cooperation with other government organizations such as

rescue and emergency teams.

6 Good cooperation, and better planning.

7 Easier communication with other organizations.

Table 3.1

Table 3.1 indicates the other factors that contribute to the level of preparedness of the

MSC-DRR Unit in facing natural and human-induced hazards. This is in line with the options

tabulated in Table 3. As stated above, the other factors are generally better planning, good

communication and cooperation with the members, affiliated organizations, and other Local

Government Units such as PHO, PDRRMO, MDRRMO, PNR, etc.

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Respondent Suggestions in improving the DRR Unit of Marinduque State College

1 Hire a permanent employee as the Head of the Unit.

2 Undergoing different seminars and training that will enhance our knowledge
and skills about disaster preparedness.

3 The unit should have an increase of funds.

4 Invest in different tools/machines that are essential when disaster happens be it

man-made or natural.

5 Funding for more seminars, training, and units should be increased.

6 Upgrade to better equipment that would help to have a better outcome with the
performance.

7 Fund increase.

8 None.

9 Increase funds, and conduct trainings

10 Have better equipment, and tools. Prepare and conduct more training sessions.
Table 3.2 Respondents’ Suggestions in Improving the MSC-DRR Unit

Table 3.2 shows the respondents’ suggestions in improving the MSC-DRR Unit.

Based on the gathered results, the highly suggested factors that need to be improved in the

MSC-DRR Unit are funding, and seminars as well as training, with respondents three (3) ,

five (5), seven (7), and ten (10) suggesting it. It was followed by the suggestion of upgrading

equipment that was suggested by respondents four (4), six (6), and ten (10). The least

suggestion made by respondent one (1) was hiring a permanent employee as the Head of the

Unit. Meanwhile, respondent eight (8) answered none. Overall, there are three main factors

that the respondents perceive that need to be improved in the MSC-DRR Unit, and those are,

funding, seminars and training, and equipment.

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Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter intends to present the summary findings as answers to the problems

posted in Chapter 1. The conclusions that have been drawn from the findings are also

presented in the same way and immediate followed by the recommendations.

Summary of Findings

This quantitative study attempted to ascertain the level of disaster preparedness of the

MSC - Disaster Risk Reduction Unit. This study also attempted to determine the contributing

factors on the level of preparedness of the said unit.

This study utilized a self-made questionnaire as the main tool to collect first-hand

information from the respondents. The questionnaire was divided into three parts. The first

part includes the demographic profile of the respondents, specifically the MSC-DRR

response team. The second part incorporates different indicators that will assess the level of

preparedness of the DRR Unit of Marinduque State College. And the last part identifies the

contributing factors on the preparedness of the DRR Unit of MSC in facing natural and

human-induced hazards.

Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, weighted mean, and modified Likert

scale were employed to statistically process the data gathered. Ranking was used to analyse

and arrange the scores obtained.

Specifically, the study sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the MSC-DRR response team?

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Specifically, information on the following:

 Age

 Sex

 Years of Service in the Unit

 Number of Seminars/Trainings Attended

2. What is the level of preparedness of the Disaster Risk Reduction Unit of Marinduque

State College in terms of :

a.) Formulation of contingency plans

b.) Funding for formulation, dissemination, pilot-testing, evaluation, and updating of

contingency plans

c.) Training on formulation of contingency plans

3. What are the contributing factors on the preparedness of the Disaster Risk Reduction

Unit of MSC in facing natural and human-induced hazards?

4. What intervention(s) could be made in this study?

Findings of the Study

The findings of the study showed the following results:

1. Faculty members range in age from 30 to 53 years old, implying that those hired in

MSC's DRR unit are in their later years. On the other hand, it is clear that men are

hired for the job in the majority of cases, and their tenure in the unit ranges from six

months to two years. Furthermore, respondents with the shortest years of service in

the unit attend the fewest seminars, whereas faculty members with the longest years

of service attend the most seminars. The findings strongly suggest that age is not a
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significant factor in the seminars attended by each faculty member, and that years of

service are a more influential variable.

2. The Disaster Risk Reduction Unit of Marinduque State is Well Prepared in terms of

the guidelines stated in section 6 of the NDRRMC and NSC Joint Memorandum

Circular No. 01 s. 2016, after thorough computation, the researchers arrived at a

General Weighted Mean of 3.53 in the 5-point Likert Scale, with a general adjectival

equivalent of “Well Prepared,” therefore the Level of Preparedness of the said Unit is

Well Prepared.

3. Among the provided contributing factors namely Funding, Training, Employee

Awareness, Public Awareness, Program Building, Management Activity,

Administrative Support, and Others, the factor that mostly affects the level of

preparedness of the DRR unit in MSC is training with a percentage of 90% , while the

least contributing factor is Program Building garnering only 20% of the chosen

options.

4. It may be suggested that resolutions be developed to improve the three main factors

identified by respondents as needing improvement in the MSC-DRR Unit: funding,

seminars and training, and equipment.

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Conclusion

Based on the results of the study, the researchers concluded that the level of

preparedness of the DRR unit at Marinduque State College was well prepared.

The researchers hereby concluded that the factors contributing to the preparation of

the MSC-DRR Unit against natural and man-made hazards are training, funding, employee

awareness, public awareness, management activity, administrative support, program building

and other factors such as connections and easier communication. Training has been one of

the factors since there are findings that undergoing several seminars would create a huge

impact on improving the preparedness of the MSC-DRR unit. Meanwhile, funding and

employee awareness by eighty percent (80%) ranked second for the factors contributing to

the level of preparedness of the MSC-DRR unit.

On the other hand, public awareness, management activity and administrative support

follow the contributing factors by sixty percent (60%), other factors such as connections,

easier communication by fifty percent (50%) and twenty percent (20%) in terms of program

building .

The study's findings can help identify vulnerabilities and strategies to improve the

resilience of these critical infrastructures and institutions, as well as provide a foundation for

future improvements. Improve disaster response policies at the local level. Improvements in

these units will have an impact on citizens, particularly vulnerable and marginalized groups,

who are prioritized in times of crisis.

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Recommendations

This part states the recommendations of the researchers according to the aforementioned

conclusions.

1. Based on the findings and gathered data, the result of the study would help to enhance

or improve the level of preparedness of the DRR unit of Marinduque State College.

Therefore, the researchers recommend that the members of the DRR unit should undergo to

different seminars that will educate them to deepen their knowledge about the formulation of

contingency plans, funding for formulation, dissemination, pilot-testing, evaluation, and

updating of contingency plans and training on formulation of contingency plans.

2. Since the study found out that the major contributing factors on the preparedness of the

DRR unit of MSC were the training, employee awareness and funding, the said institution

should send their employees to different seminars that would help them to enhance their

skills and knowledge in which it is a great way for them to have awareness about disaster

preparedness. Thus, the Marinduque State College should also allocate a bigger fund or

increase the current fund of the DRR unit to ensure that there is a high level of preparedness

in the Marinduque State College wherein there will be a greater chance of recovering to any

man-made or natural disasters, during, before and after.

3. The DRR unit should also communicate with other organizations that are experts in

disaster risk reduction and management so that they can receive administrative assistance in

the event of a disaster. They may also continue to remind students and other faculty members

of the said institution of what they will do during, before, and after the disaster in order to
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raise awareness, as employee awareness is a contributing factor in the DRR unit's

preparedness.

4. Moreover, for the future researchers that wish to investigate similar topics to the

proponents study, the researchers recommend administering interviews to respondents that

will be identified to be part of the DRR unit, so that the respondents may freely share their

perceptions and experiences that might not be included in the questionnaire.

5. Finally, since the study focused on the Marinduque State College-Boac Campus, the

future researcher may as well conduct the same study on the other branches of MSC and

other school in the province of Marinduque so that they can able to determine the level of

preparedness in their respective institutions.

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Esteban, et. al. (2020). Disaster awareness in three low risk coastal communities in Puerto
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Mina, R. (2021). Philippines looks to improve disaster preparedness with geospatial tech.
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Najafi, et. al. (2015). Demographic Determinants of Disaster Preparedness Behaviors

Amongst Tehran Inhabitants, Iran. . Retrieved from National Library of Medicine:
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Nifa, et. al. (2018). A study on awareness of disaster risk reduction (DRR) among university
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Leong, et. al. (2013). Assessment on Disaster Risk Reduction of Tropical Storm Washi.
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Succesful Disasters Knowledge Sharing. Retrieved from
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Disasters in Ozamiz City, Philippines. Retrieved from Research Gate:
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270927737_Organizational_Preparedness_f
or_Natural_Disasters_in_Ozamiz_City_Philippines

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Medical City . Retrieved from Cambridge University Pres:
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from the Mamanwa indigenous peoples in Basey, Samar after Typhoon Haiyan in the
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Trelles, M. (2019). Technological Diasaters. British Medical Journal , Issue 60.

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Wayne, P. (2012). The Vulnerability of the Energy Sector to Natural Hazards in Costa Rica:
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APPENDICES

Appendix A: Research Instrument

April 25, 2022

Dear Ma’am/Sir,

Greetings of Peace and Solidarity!

The researchers are currently conducting a research for partial fulfilment of

the requirement for Research Project of Humanities and Social Sciences strand of
Marinduque State College-Boac Campus. The said study involves the assessment
of the Level of Preparedness of the Disaster Risk Reduction unit of Marinduque
State College whereas its possible findings will serve to craft basis to certain
interventions that may be applicable to the DRR unit of MSC.

In connection to this, the researchers respectfully requests you to participate

in this study as one of the respondents for this survey as the researchers’ main
criterions for the said respondents are those members of the DRR unit of MSC. Rest
assured that the information/data that will be collected during the data gathering will
be dealt with utmost confidentiality and only to the said purpose in accordance to the
prevailing policies.

May requested data be provided in either printed or best in soft version; the
undersigned may be reached through the following mean: [email protected]
or Cell #: 0945 706 0165.

Thank you very much in advance for considering this request!

Respectfully yours,
GENROJ LOUISE J. LAGUNA
SHEENA L. SANDOVAL
KEVIN V. MONTEAGUDO
FAITH MAGDALENE B. GURAY
MARIBETH A. BUNAG
Student/Researcher, MSC HUMSS Strand
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Demographic Profile

Name (Optional): ____________________________

Age: _____
Sex: M F
Number of Years of Service in the Unit: ____
Number of DRR-related Seminars/Trainings Attended: ______

Assessment

Using the following scale, how would you rate the Level of Preparedness of the MSC-DRR
Unit in terms of: (The following are guidelines stated in section 6 of the NDRRMC and NSC
Joint Memorandum Circular No. 01 s. 2016) Select an answer for each item.

Very Well Well Sufficiently Insufficiently Not

Prepared Prepared Prepared Prepared Prepared
Formulation of
contingency plans

Funding for formulation,

dissemination, pilot-
testing, evaluation, and
updating of contingency
plans

Training on formulation
of contingency plans

1. What do you think are the contributing factors on the preparedness of the DRR Unit of
MSC in facing natural and human-induced hazards? Select all that applies.

Funding
Training
Employee Awareness
Public Awareness
Program Building
Management Activity
Administrative Support
Others (Please Specify): _____________

2. Do you have any suggestions in improving the DRR Unit of Marinduque State College?
What are these?
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Appendix B: Certificate of Statistician

STATISTICIAN’S CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this research study entitled “LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS

OF THE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION UNIT OF MARINDUQUE STATE

COLLEGE”, prepared and submitted by Genroj Louise J. Laguna, Kevin V.

Monteagudo, Sheena L. Sandoval, Faith Magdalene B. Guray, and Maribeth A. Buñag in

partial fulfillment for Research Project and Practical Research II has been statistically

reviewed by the undersigned.

Ms. Vannesa D. Ilucab, MBA

Statistician
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Appendix C: Documentation
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Appendix D: Curriculum Vitae

Genroj Louise J. Laguna

Student Researcher
Purok Rosal, Sitio Bantauyan, Bantad, Boac, Marinduque
09457060165
[email protected]

•PERSONAL DATA

Age : 18 Civil Status : Single

Date of Birth : November 25, 2003 Nationality : Filipino
Place of Birth : Boac, Marinduque Religion : Roman Catholic
Gender : Male

•EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Secondary: Junior High School

2016-2020 : Marinduque National High School
Isok I, Boac, Marinduque
Primary
2010-2016 : Don Luis Hidalgo Memorial School
Malusak, Boac, Marinduque

•ACHIEVEMENTS

2010-2020 : Academic Excellence Award - with Honors

2014 : RSPC Collaborative Desktop Publishing - 3rd place
2015 : DSPC Filipino Sports Writing - 4th place
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2018 : RSPC Filipino Radio Broadcasting - 3rd place/Best Technical Director

2019 : RSPC Filipino Radio Broadcasting - 2nd place
2020 : National Board of Review for Eagle Scouts - Rank 4.5
2020 : Eagle Scout Awardee

•SEMINARS ATTENDED
2014 : Division Journalism Cliniquing - DLHMS
2018 – 2019 : Radio Broadcasting Workshop - MNHS
2019 : Basic Life Support Training - MSC
2021 : National Eagle Scouts Conclave - Virtual
: CSYF Webinar on Local Issues - Virtual
: GAD Webinar on R.A No. 9262: Anti-Violence - Virtual
Against Women and Children Act (VAWC)
: GAD Webinar on R.A No. 7877 & R.A No. 11313: - Virtual
Sexual Harassment Law & Safe Space Act
: GAD Webinar on R.A No. 10175: Cybercrime - Virtual
Prevention Act of 2012
•STUDENT ORGANIZATION
2016 : Band Leader - DLHMS Drum & Lyre Corps
2019 : Senior Crew Leader - BSP Marinduque Council Unit 001
: Bise Supremo - Venturer Scouts of Marinduque
2021 : President - Class Officers
•SKILLS
 Has common sense, and good reading comprehension.
 Excellent leadership skills.
 Obedient, punctual, and diligent.
 Excels in working under pressure.
 Technology Literate
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•CHARACTER REFERENCE

Allan V. Villaruel

Class Adviser

Marinduque State College (MSC), SHS Department

Contact No.: 0945-478-2292/ 0908-157-6420

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Sheena L. Sandoval
Student Researcher
Purok Leuconoe Brgy. Bantay, Boac, Marinduque
0938-418-2546
[email protected]

•PERSONAL DATA
Age : 17 Civil Status : Single

Date of Birth : October 19, 2004 Nationality : Filipino

Place of Birth : Bantay, Boac, Marinduque Religion : Roman Catholic

Gender : Female

•EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Secondary – Junior High School

2016-2020 : Marinduque National High School

Isok I, Boac, Marinduque

Primary

2010-2016 : Bantay Elementary School

Bantay, Boac, Marinduque

•ACHIEVEMENTS

2016: Class Salutatorian

Bantay Elementary School (BES)

2018: With Honors

Marinduque National High School (MNHS)

2019: With Honors

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Marinduque National High School (MNHS)

2020: With High Honors

Researcher of the Year

Science Innovation Expo (Team) School Level – 1ST Place

Science Innovation Expo (Team) Division Level – 2nd Place

Regional Invention Contest and Exhibit (RICE) 2019 – Finalist - SIBOL High School

Category (Creative Research)

Science Fair- Physical Science (Team) National Science Quest (NSQ) 2020 – 2nd

Place

Marinduque National High School (MNHS)

2021: With High Honors

Marinduque State College (MSC)

•SEMINARS ATTENDED

N/A

•STUDENT ORGANIZATION

N/A

•SKILLS

 Proficient in both oral and written communication

 Good at reporting and debates

 Possesses good leadership skills

 Has ability to work under pressure

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 Has great experience in research field

 Detail oriented

 Fluent in English and Filipino Language

 Former Majorette, Journalist, and Radio Broadcaster (during elementary)

•CHARACTER REFERENCE

Allan V. Villaruel

Class Adviser

Marinduque State College (MSC), SHS Department

Contact No.: 0945-478-2292/ 0908-157-6420

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Kevin V. Monteagudo
Student Researcher
Janagdong, Bato Mogpog, Marinduque
09164363954
[email protected]

•PERSONAL DATA
Age : 17 Civil Status : Single
Date of Birth : December 30, 2003 Nationality : Filipino
Place of Birth : Cupang, Muntinlupa Religion : Christianity
Gender : Male
•EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary: Senior High School (Grade 11)
2020-2021 : Marinduque State College-Integrated High School
Secondary: Junior High School
2016-2020 : Marinduque National High School
Primary
2010-2016 : Nangka Elementary School
•ACHIEVEMENTS
2010-2012 : Academic Excellence Award (Grade 1-3) - Top 3
2012-2016 : Academic Excellence Award (Grade 4-6) - Top 4
2014-2016 : District Level (Newswriting Filipino) - 4th place
2010-2016 : MTAP Written Elimination - Participant
2016-2020 : Academic Excellence Award (JHS) - With Honors
2017-2019 : Science School Fair (Grade 7-9) -Participant
2019-2020 : Science School and District Fair (Grade 10) -Champion (Robotics)
2019-2020 : Regional Science Fair (Grade 10) -Participant
2019-2020 : Academic Excellence Award -Researcher of the Year
2020-2021 : Academic Excellence Award (SHS-Grade 11) - With Honors
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•SEMINARS ATTENDED
: N/A
•STUDENT ORGANIZATION
2014-2015: Supreme Pupil Government Secretary
2015-2016: Supreme Pupil Government Vice President
2014-2016: DLHMS Drum & Lyre Corps
•SKILLS

- Can speak English with fluency and proper diction.

- Able to work under pressure.
- Excels in various fields, such as in dancing and essays.
- Have great interpersonal skills.
- Competent in almost any given task and ensures quality of work.
•CHARACTER REFERENCE
Allan V. Villaruel

Class Adviser

Marinduque State College (MSC), SHS Department

Contact No.: 0945-478-2292/ 0908-157-6420

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Maribeth A. Buñag
Student Researcher
Purok Dama de Noche Brgy. Tampus, Boac, Marinduque
0966-772-9431
[email protected]

•PERSONAL DATA

Age : 18 Civil Status : Single

Date of Birth : October 23, 2003 Nationality : Filipino

Place of Birth : Boac, Marinduque Religion : Roman Catholic

Gender : Female

•EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Secondary – Junior High School

2016-2020 : Marinduque National High School

Boac, Marinduque

Primary

2010-2016 : Don Luis Hidalgo Memorial School

Boac, Marinduque

•ACHIEVEMENTS

2009-2013 : Academic Excellence Award – With Honors

2018 : Active Girl Scout Award

2019-2021 : Academic Excellence Award – With Honors

2019 : SCILYMPICS (School Level) – 1st place (group)

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•SEMINARS ATTENDED

N/A

•STUDENT ORGANIZATION

2018-2019 : Secretary – MNHS YES-O

•SKILLS

 Good with communicating (both written and oral)

 Reliable

 Organizational Skills

 Fluent in English

 Responsible

 Persistent

 Attention to detail

•CHARACTER REFERENCE

Allan V. Villaruel

Class Adviser

Marinduque State College (MSC), SHS Department

Contact No.: 0945-478-2292/ 0908-157-6420

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Faith Magdalene B. Guray

Student Researcher
Purok 6, Sampaguita Street, Mercado, Boac, Marinduque
09184220794
[email protected]

•PERSONAL DATA

Age : 18 Civil Status : Single

Date of Birth : July 12, 2003 Nationality : Filipino
Place of Birth : Boac, Marinduque Religion : Roman Catholic
Gender : Female
•EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Secondary: Senior High School (Grade 11)

2020-2021 : Marinduque State College-Integrated High School
Secondary: Junior High School
2016-2020 : Marinduque National High School
Primary
2010-2016 : Don Luis Hidalgo Memorial School

•ACHIEVEMENTS

2010-2011 : Academic Excellence -Top 6

2011-2012 : MTAP District Level -Champion
: MTAP Division Level Written Elimination -1st runner up
: Academic Excellence -Top 4
: Girl Scout of the Year
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2012-2013 : Academic Excellence - Top 3

: MTAP District Level -Champion
: MTAP Division Level -1st runner up
: Dancer of the Year
: Girl Scout of the Year
: Best in Mathematics
2013-2014 : Academic Excellence -Top 5
2014-2015 : Academic Excellence -Top 2
: Pagsulat ng Editoryal School Level -Champion
: Pagsulat ng Editoryal District Level -Champion
:Pagsulat ng Editoryal Division Level - 2nd place
:Pagsulat ng Editoryal Region Level -3rd place
: Pagsulat ng Editoryal National Level -7th place
: Pagsulat ng Sanaysay -Champion
: School Cooking Contest - Champion
: Journalist Tagisan ng Talino Region Level -Champion
: Girl Scout of the Year
2015-2016 : Academic Excellence -5th Honorable
Mention
: Pagsulat ng Editoryal School Level -Champion
: Pagsulat ng Editoryal District Level -Champion
:Pagsulat ng Editoryal Division Level - 2nd place
:Pagsulat ng Editoryal Region Level -2rd place
: Pagsulat ng Editoryal National Level - Participant
: Best in Filipino
: Girl Scout of the Year
2016-2020 : Academic Excellence -With Honors
2018-2019 : Pagsulat ng Editoryal District Level -1st place
: Pagsulat ng Editoryal Division Level -2nd place
2019-2020 : Pagsulat ng Editoryal District Level - 1st place
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: Pagsulat ng Editoryal Division Level - 3rd place

: Pagsulat ng Editoryal Regional Level - Participant
2020-2021 : Academic Excellence -With Honors

•SEMINARS ATTENDED
2014-2016 : Division Journalism Cliniquing
2019-2020 : Citizen Journalism and News Literacy Seminar and Workshop

•STUDENT ORGANIZATION
2014-2015 : Supreme Pupil Government Secretary
2015-2016 : Supreme Pupil Government Vice President
2015-2016 : Glee Club (Dancer)
2018-2019 : Girl Scout of the Philippines ( Scribe)
2019-2020 : Girl Scout of the Philippines (Vice Chairman)

•SKILLS
 Good Leadership
 Sociable
 Excellent Communication Skills
 Critical Thinking
 Competent in almost any given task and ensures quality of work.
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•CHARACTER REFERENCE
Allan V. Villaruel

Class Adviser

Marinduque State College (MSC), SHS Department

Contact No.: 0945-478-2292/ 0908-157-6420