AQUAPONICS COMPLEX: A NEW APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE FISH AND

VEGETABLE FARMING INTEGRATING MODULAR DESIGN IN CALAMBA

LAGUNA

A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of

the Department of Architecture

University of the Cordilleras

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for AR

431 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 9

THESIS RESEARCH APPLICATION

By

KARMEL LAPUZ BALONDO

May 2021
 UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
HARRISON ROAD COR. GOVERNOR PACK ROAD, BAGUIO CITY, PHILIPPINES 2600
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled A Q U A P O N I CS CO M P LE X : A N E W A P P RO A C H

T O F IS H A N D V EG ET A B LE F A RM IN G IN T EG RA TI N G M O D U LA R
D ES IG N IN CA LA M BA L A G U N A prepared and submitted by Karmel Lapuz
Balondo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for AR 431 - ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN 10 THESIS RESEARCH APPLICATION, has been examined and is
recommended for acceptance and approval for oral examination.

Ar. JERICO JORDAN A. BERNARDO, MS Ar.

Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

APPROVED by the Committee on Oral Examination on

with a grade of .

Ar. Robert V. Romero, MS Ar. Ar. Arthur P. Paran Jr.

(Architect) (Architect)

Ar. Neriza S. Bacaoat

(Architect)

ACCEPTED AND APPROVED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for AR 431 -

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 10 THESIS RESEARCH APPLICATION.

Engr. Nelson G. Notarte

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture

ii
 UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
HARRISON ROAD COR. GOVERNOR PACK ROAD,
BAGUIO CITY, PHILIPPINES 2600
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

I hereby declare this submission is my work and that, to the best of my knowledge

and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor

material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree

or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning, except where due

acknowledgement is made in the text.

I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own

work. Even though I may have received assistance from others on style, presentation and

language expression.

KARMEL LAPUZ BALONDO

Thesis Candidate
Date: May 2, 2021

Ar. Jerico Jordan A. Bernardo, MS Arch.

Thesis Adviser
Date:

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Foremost, the author would like to thank her adviser for his enthusiasm and patience in

assisting, and for his skills and knowledge he shared for the author to accomplish this study.

Second is her father Arch. Felipe Balondo who never stop encouraging her through her

architecture career journey, he’s the one who helped the author to acquire all of the legal

documents presented in her thesis.

For her mother Amelia Balondo who provide advises on her thesis study. Her four siblings

Kermit, Kerlie, Kimberly and King who supported her throughout her chosen college path.

Lastly for the Almighty God for all the blessings and continuos guidance above.

- Karmel Lapuz Balondo

iv
 DEDICATION

First, I would like to thank for this wonderful journey, my beloved school, University

of the Cordilleras. Thank you for the success and unforgettable experience.

I would like to thank also my pre thesis and thesis adviser Arch. Nicanor Latogan and

Arch. Jerico Jordan Bernardo for their guidance and sharing their knowledge all through this

desertion and especially for their trust in me. Thank you all of this occurred and ended up

with a good outcome.

This research is also dedicated to my parents, Arch. Philip Balondo and Amelia

Balondo for their words and encouragement in finishing this journey. Also, I thank them for

their untiring love and support. I love you papa and mama!

Lastly, I dedicated this book to almighty god. Thank you for giving me strength in my

everyday life. I thank you for the blessings you have bestowed upon me. All of these I offer

to you.

Karmel Lapuz Balondo

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ I

Approval Sheet ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙

II

Certificate of Originality ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ III

Acknowledgement ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ IV

Dedication ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ V

Table of Contents ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ VI

List of Images ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ IX

List of Graphs ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ X

List of Photos ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ XI

List of Tables ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ XII

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 1

I. Background of the Study ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 1

II. Main Objectives ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 5

A. Specific Objectives ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 5

III. Significance of the study ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 5

IV. Scope and Limitation ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 8

V. Review of Related Studies ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 9

A. Foreign Examples ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 9

B. Local Examples ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 31

VI. Conceptual Framework ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 47

VII. Definition of Terms ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 51

vi
 LIST OF IMAGES

Image 1: Syracuse, New York Site Plan ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 10

Image 2: Parcel of land SYR Aquaponics Market ∙ ∙ 11
Image 3: Aquaponics System Design ∙ ∙ 12
Image 4: Building Composition ∙ ∙ ∙ 12
Image 5: Zoning of Areas SYR Aquaponics Market ∙ 13
Image 6: Night, Moderate Sun, High Sun Smart Glass Effect ∙ 14
Image 7: Photo Sensors Effect ∙ ∙ 14
Image 8: Integrated into the design of multi-tiered roof ∙ 15
Image 9: Aquaponic Facility ∙ ∙ ∙ 15
Image 10: Site Plan Completed Design ∙ 16
Image 11: Floor Plans Completed Design ∙ ∙ ∙ 17
Image 12: Aquaponic System Completed Design ∙ ∙ 18
Image 13: Sustainable Support Completed Design ∙ ∙ 18
Image 14: Building Section A ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 19
Image 15: Building Section B ∙ 19
Image 16: South Elevation ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 19
Image 17: West Elevation ∙ ∙ 20
Image 18: North Elevation ∙ ∙ ∙ 20
Image 19: Herald Place Perspective ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 20
Image 20: Second Floor Market Perspective ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 20
Image 21: Third Floor Aquaponic Facility Perspective ∙ ∙ 21
Image 22: Ewa Beach Track Housing Development ∙ ∙ 22
Image 23: Trades by Gentry Location for Design Base ∙ ∙ 22
Image 24: Trades by Gentry Model Homes ∙ ∙ ∙ 24
Image 25: Site Plan for Linear Step Aquaponics ∙ ∙ ∙ 24
Image 26: Northeast Perspective Render for Linear Step Aquaponics ∙ 25
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
Image 27: Detailed Render of Linear Step Aquaponics System ∙ 25
Image 28: Schematic diagram of an aquaponics system∙∙ 28
Image 29: Closed (Recirculating) System ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 28
Image 30: Open (Drain to waste) System ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 29
Image 31: Ceres Greenhouse Solutions∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 30
Image 32: Clark Green City Conceptual Development Plan 33
Image 33: Conceptual Underground Utilities at CGC 34
Image 34: On-site Design Implications∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 35

vii
Image 35: Site Image Map ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 36
Image 36: Conceptual Development Plan∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 37
Image 37: Streetmap of Navotas Fish Port Complex 38

LIST OF GRAPHS

Graph 1: Population of Dagupan City ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 43

Graph 2: Growth Rate ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 43

viii
 LIST OF PHOTOS

Photo 1: Maintenance Easements and Side Yard Easements ∙ 23

Photo 2: Aquaculture ∙ ∙ ∙ 26
Photo 3: Hydroponics ∙ ∙ ∙ 26
Photo 4: Deep water culture “raft” system ∙ ∙ ∙ 28
Photo 5: Gravels, Coco coir croutons ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 29
Photo 6: Navotas Fish Port Complex ∙ ∙ ∙ 38
Photo 7: Internal features of the site (East) ∙ ∙ ∙ 64
Photo 8: Internal features of the site (West) ∙ ∙ ∙ 64
Photo 9: Internal features of the site (South) ∙ ∙ ∙ 64
LIST OF
FIGURES

Figure 1: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 1

Population Division ∙ ∙
Figure 2: Volume of Fisheries Production Philippines ∙ ∙ 2
Figure 3: Conceptual Framework Aquaponics Agritourism Complex ∙ 31
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
Figure 4: Site Program Bubble Diagram ∙ ∙ 36
Figure 5: Bubble Diagram Navotas Fishport Complex ∙ ∙ 39
Figure 6: Vegetation Map ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 67
Figure 7: Visual Map ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 68
Figure 8: Olfactory Map ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 69
Figure 9: Aural Map ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 70
Figure 10: Tactile and Metaphysical Map ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 70
Figure 11: Site Bubble Diagram ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 79
LIST OF
TABLES

Table 1: Plants for Aquaponics ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 30

Table 2: Conceptual Framework ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 43
Table 3: Paradigm of the Study ∙ ∙ 44
Table 4: General Activities and Services Importance Ranking 51
Table 5: General Frequency Score and Ranking ∙ ∙ 52
Table 6: General Activity Importance Ranking ∙ ∙ 52
Table 7: General Additional Areas Importance Ranking ∙ 53
Table 8: General Environmental Features ∙ ∙ ∙ 68
Table 9: SWOT Analysis ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 72

ix
Table 10: Architectural Programming ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 73
Table e 11: Project Cost Estimate ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 83

x
 CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 53
I. Locale of the study ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 53

II. Data gathering tools and procedures ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 54

III. Method of presentation ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 69

ENDNOTES: REFERENCES ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 71

I. Books ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 71

II. Article ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 71

III. Manuscript ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 72

ABOUT THE AUTHOR ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ 73

xi
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops and raising

livestock. It includes the preparation of plant and animal products for people to use and their

distribution to markets.

In the Philippines, agriculture plays a significant role in its economy. The country's

agriculture sector is made up of four sub-sectors, which are farming, fisheries, livestock, and

forestry. (FAO, 2020)

The agriculture and fisheries sector provides food and vital raw materials for the rest of the

economy. It is itself a significant market for the products and services of the nonagricultural

economy. As the sector grows and modernizes, it releases surplus labor to the industry and

services sectors. Rising productivity and efficiency in the sector are critical in maintaining the

affordability of food and purchasing power, especially among the poor. (NEDA Website,

2016)

2020 has officially become the most challenging year for the Philippine agriculture sector.

Massive stresses faced the country’s farmers and fishers from volcanic eruption, infectious

animal diseases, crop pest infestations, a viral pandemic that resulted in health crisis, to falling

prices of staples, and then finally a series of typhoons in the last quarter. (DA The Year in

Review, 2020)

Nowadays, the Philippines is one of the fastest developing population in the world. All

these individuals might be depending on the rural segment to supply adequate food for all. The

increase in demand on fish and vegetable consumption and the supply is limited because of the

increase of people’s awareness in preserving the nature. Many countries impose heavy

regulations on wild fishing as an act of government realization. With that, aquaponics is

becoming more and more attractive to fishery business.

Aquaculture refers to the cultivation of fish for human consumption, or more simply, the

farming of fish. Aquaculture can look very different from operation to operation. Open

1
aquaculture systems often involve a large cage in the ocean where fish are reared, fed, then

caught for processing. This rapid growth has led to hasty regulations that may not be properly

controlling the amount of waste and pollution it produces. (NOAA 2016)

Hydroponics offers several advantages over traditional ways of growing crops. It can help

you produce bigger harvests of better quality fruit and vegetables, and a consistent year-round

yield that you cannot equal using soil or by growing outdoors or in greenhouses using only

natural light.

Sustainable design provide a good result in our society and to the people by integration

Aquaponics whereas growing fish and other aquatic animals, and hydroponics which is

growing plants without soil.

Most of the food we see and bought in a grocery store is the product of an unsustainable

food system. It is very important to know if the food we eat is from sustainable food systems.

Often result of the unsustainable food systems where environmental destruction.

Aquaponics uses these two in a symbiotic combination in which plants are fed the aquatic

animals’ discharge or waste. In return, the vegetables clean the water that goes back to the fish.

Along with the fish and their waste, microbes play an important role to the nutrition of the

plants. These beneficial bacteria gather in the spaces between the roots of the plant and

converts the fish waste and the solids into substances the plants can use to grow. The result is a

perfect collaboration between aquaculture and gardening (North, D. 2016)

Population numbers, and rising economic prosperity in many economies, change long‐

established food conventions. Such shifts cause major challenges for food supply and may

result in the need for more agricultural surface area for food production and reciprocal effects

related to climate change.

The global population is expected to reach 8.5 billion in 2030, 9.7 billion in 2050 and 10.9

billion in 2100, according to the medium-variant projection, which assumes a decline of

fertility for countries where large families are still prevalent, a slight increase of fertility in

2
several countries where women have fewer than two live births on average over a lifetime, and

continued reductions in mortality at all ages. (World Population Prospects, 2019)

Figure 1.01. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division

(2019).

According to the Aquaculture Report of the Philippines, Fish and seafood represent an

important source of protein for the average Filipino. But, despite a high demand for fish

products and aquatic resources, fish is becoming increasingly unaffordable for the country’s

poor due to declining stocks and increased costs of production. The fishing industry in the

Philippines is also vulnerable to the effects of climate change, rising sea levels, increasing

water temperatures and changing weather patterns are all likely to have ongoing impacts on

the productivity of the industry.

Vegetable production in the Philippines is highly seasonal, with the bulk of production

coming from Ilocos (19.05%), CAR (19%), Southern Tagalog (12.74%), Central Luzon

(9.28%), Western Visayas (6.88%) and Northern Mindanao (6.44%) from October to

November. (BAR website)

The future growth of Philippine aquaponics may not be sustained unless new markets are

developed, market competitiveness is strengthened and farming risks are reduced. Letting

people know how food is produced may actually help them appreciate food sustainability.

3
 The project is a production-oriented fish farm with hydroponic farm which uses the dry

dock for growing fish and also stocks the dry dock to provide public recreational fishing; a

research facility to study and experiment with the growth of new species; and a public

exhibition space where people can observe the production of fish, an experience enhanced

through the building form.

To design with the environment can mean many different things- from analyzing energy

efficiency, to building with recycled materials, to researching a material's embodied energy.

The goal of this proposal is to create fishery protection areas producing crop, to eliminate

illegal fishing practices and to provide a non-seasonal crop production in which create a

market center for the products.

II. MAIN OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the study is to plan and design and create a aquaponics complex to

support fish and vegetable farming facilities and activities with amenities with comfort and

needs of the employees and common people.

A. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

1. To identify and understand the role of Architecture in facilitating science and environment

through the design of Aquaponics Complex.

a. Sustainability

b. Important Aspects

c. Character of Local

d. Science and Research

2. To establish new approaches in planning and designing fish and vegetable farming through

identifying facilities and areas:

a. Aquaculture Facilities

b. Hydroponics Facilities

c. Market Port/Commercial Facilities

4
3. To plan and design an Aquaponics Complex integrating modular design applications in

terms of:

a. Site Design and Planning Process

b. Modular Planning

c. Building Planning

d. Building Design

e. Tropical Design

III. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of the study varies from domestic livelihood which contributes to the

aspects of fishing and vegetable industry, economic which contributes statistical aspects

and architectural which contributes to the design of the building.

A. Tourism Significance:

The study will benefit to the City of Calamba region not only as the province of

Jose Rizal the national hero but also in the field of fisheries and vegetables. The study will

help the region known not only for its fishing industry but also vegetable industry.

B. Domestic Livelihood Significance:

The study will benefit the domestic livelihood of the City of Calamba, including

other provinces and neighboring cities and municipalities by having remuneration on

agriculture and fishery as well as local industries that strengthens local food production

and consumption. Laguna de bay is one of the producers of seafood in the Philippines. It

will help improve the name of the city in the aspect of fisheries. It will help the community

to adapt a new approach in their livelihood. As being part of the preservation and

protection the community will be one of its beneficiaries.

C. Economic Significance:

The study will benefit the city as an integrated fish and vegetable industry with the

provision of processing and sales activity. Aquaculture and Aquaponics will be viable

business with good long-term prospects. The business of the farmers will increase after

5
 establishing a proper infrastructure with all the amenities and modern technology in fishing

and crop industry. It will also eliminate illegal fishing practices for it will have the

establishment of fish processing facility. It serves as a tool to promote environmental

preservation and protecting the coast. Strengthen the mutual relationship between man and

nature.

D. Architectural Significance:

The study seeks to set in place an exemplary example of integrating the sustainable

farming realm and contemporary market space. Effective biosecurity and disease control

systems will represent sustainability in the project. The prominence of the proposed site at

the Laguna de Bay seeks a unique response that requires the functional nature of the

market. Contemporary design refers to present day building styles. Highlighting this

particular design concept will help the people to appreciate the modern architecture.

E. Significance for the country

The Philippines is one of the world's biggest archipelago countries. It is arranged in

Southeast Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean. Its islands are grouped into three primary

topographical zones, the Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Due to its archipelagic nature,

Philippines is a socially different country. With its geology comprising of sloping

territories, thick timberlands, fields, and waterfront regions, the Philippines is wealthy in

biodiversity. It is considered as one of the super biodiversity nations on the planet with a

high level of widely varied vegetation endemism.

The Philippines is still essentially as an agricultural country in spite of the arrangement

to make it an industrialized economy. Most residents actually live in country zones and

backing themselves through farming.

F. Significance for the City

Calamba in the area of Laguna, a first class component city and is quite possibly the

most notable spots in the Philippines primarily in light of the fact that it fills in as the home
6
 and origin of Jose Rizal, the nineteenth century Filipino patriot and polymath and the

national hero of the Philippines. The soul of his suffering nationalism actually lives right

up until today from that point onward at the last part of the Spanish colonial time frame in

the country. The city is known to be the Calabarzon's most extravagant city, trailed by

Cabuyao City, on account of its various industrial facilities. The city positioned eighteenth

in the overall competitiveness (urban community ranking) and first among urban

communities in the Calabarzon area.

IV. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The major focus behind this study is to create a space for processing, and harvesting of

aquatic species, both animals and plants, in controlled aquatic environments. And to study is to

introduce the concept of sustainable fish and crop farming in the area. Also it will introduce

topics about international fishing hatchery standards and proper waste management.

The project is a development of Aquaponics Complex processing in the City of Calamba,

Laguna. The project will cover the establishment of structure equipped with facilities that will

consider to the increasing demand and supply of fishes and other marine products in the

region. The study is limited for the conceptualization of its scale based on the current supply

and demand of marine products.

Aquaponics deals with many scientific processes in terms of its actual execution. This

study will not delve deeply into its scientific process but rather focus more on the architectural

details and construction of the facility. The actual scientific process shall be considered

especially on the determination of the space requirements and basic needs of the facility.

Site considerations will affect the project design since it is to be situated in a real location

in the City of Calamba, Laguna. The study, in its entirety, will be limited to determining and

analyzing principles, theories and concepts, along with existing controls and will be applied to

the architectural design process.

7
V. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Case Study 1 (Foreign Reference)

Soper, Z. (May 2019). Countering Food Insecurity in the Urban Environment: SYR

Aquaponics Market, Syracuse, New York.

http://web.alfredstate.edu/faculty/petricja/S19_SOPER_BARCHTHESIS.pdf

Countering Food Insecurity in the Urban Environment: SYR Aquaponics Market,

Syracuse, New York

1. Architectural Justification:

The development of a mixed-use structure could be used as a response to the

fundamental needs of the residents located in Downtown Syracuse. The building could

integrate more urban services to the area by maximizing the use of the site. The original

building was adaptively reused in 2015, introducing new use to the area, as well as

requirements. The incorporation of a markets to this district could add an addition level of

accommodations to the community.

2. Site Analysis

Image 1. Syracuse, New York Site Plan. (Soper, Z. 2019)

8
 Syracuse, New York, consists of over twenty-six square miles, with a population of

approximately 143,000 people according to the 2017 census. This site plan depicts a half

mile radius around the site of the proposed facility. Syracuse currently stands as the fifth

highest populated city in state, acting as a hub for education and economy for Central New

York. Interstate-81 and 690 were constructed over the city through an elevated highway

system which floods thousands of people in every day.

3. Programming

Figure 3. Modular Design SYR Aquaponics Market. (Soper, Z. 2019)

The SYR Aquaponics Market is designed to emulate a large-scale harvest method.

A modular design for these types of systems is highly recommended so stations can be

arranged as the aquaponics farm upgrades and expands. The width of the vegetated filter

beds has to be considered when designing for this type of agriculture as harvesting the crop

can be difficult if the beds are too wide. The same thought process has to be considered

when designing the fish tanks.

Figure 4. Parcel of land SYR Aquaponics Market. (Soper, Z. 2019)

9
 The parcel of land the SYR Aquaponics Market is proposed to be constructed on is

approximately 175’ by 160’. After applying the 10’ setbacks on the south and east side of

the site, and the city mandated 20’ easement between new construction and interstate-690

there is still a footprint of 21,750 square feet available for the structure. Fortunately, the

zoning ordinance for Syracuse permits the use of horticultural nurseries, greenhouses, and

wholesale business buildings.

Figure 5. Aquaponics System Design. (Soper, Z. 2019)

In aquaponics system designs, some can be built to emulate green houses and

provide access for direct sunlight to sustain their crops. However due to the climate and

seasonal variance in the city of Syracuse, it would be more efficient to rely on a dual

system of natural light and LED grow lamps. The dual lighting system ensures that crops

are growing consistently and evenly across grow beds. To save energy costs, the natural

light would be used when there’s abundant sun exposure and the grow lights would only

be turned on during days of overcast.

4. Schematic Design

10
 Figure 6. Building Composition. (Soper, Z. 2019)

The SYR Aquaponics Market serves as a reaction to the prevailing needs

associated with food deserts. The city of Syracuse continues to struggle with this problem

as the population grows each year. Residents of the Downtown and Near Westside districts

have publicly expressed their distain toward the accommodations that they have access to.

The respondents of a 2017 Food Environment Study stated that “access to fresh and

healthy food” was one of their top five features that they wish would be incorporated into

their neighborhoods. The problem grows larger when considering that 51% of residents in

these districts acquire their groceries through ambulatory means and 40% rely on public

transportation.

Figure 7. Zoning of Areas SYR Aquaponics Market. (Soper, Z. 2019)

The top levels of the building will house the aquaponics facility. The systems for

the facility require ample access to natural light to effectively grow food on the intended

commercial scale. An open roof that utilizes either skylights or a green roof structure will

be incorporated to grant equal access of light to the plants in the grow beds. On a design

basis, the facility should capture elements of nature to reinforce the sustainable elements

11
that are utilized on site. Bringing components such as trees indoors, visitors will feel fully

immersed with the methodology behind the structure.

5. Building Systems

5.1. Smart Glass

Smart glass is very important element to functionality and affect that the SYR

Aquaponics Market has on the community. This system uses electro-chromatic material

that adjusts the level of light that passes through the glass. To activate smart glass, a single

burst of electricity is used to modify the level of transparency that is required. This can be

synchronized with the photo sensors present in the building to automatically adjust the

state of the glazing in accordance to the needs of the aquaponics facility.

Figure 8. Night, Moderate Sun, High Sun Smart Glass Effect. (Soper, Z. 2019)

5.2. Photo Sensors

12
 Figure 9. Photo Sensors Effect. (Soper, Z. 2019)

Access to light is a crucial factor in the design of aquaponics systems, having a

direct correlation to the growth rate of crops. The grow beds inside the facility are oriented

to capture as much natural light as possible. Lining the perimeter of the building, natural

light shines through the large curtain walls to sustain each of the crops.

5.3. Water Retention

Figure 10. Integrated into the design of multi-tiered roof. (Soper, Z. 2019)

Integrated into the design of multi-tiered roof is a storm water retention system that

aids in supporting many of the other sustainable and aesthetic factors throughout the

facility. Crickets are pitched to direct storm water to small weirs, that filter out larger

13
particles and fill the interior water cisterns as well as the exterior detention pond located on

the second-floor balcony.

5.4. Aquaponics System

Figure 11. Aquaponic Facility. (Soper, Z. 2019)

The aquaponics facility located on the third and fourth floors of the building utilize

the deep-water raft form of aquaponics. This system is different from other types as it

separates the fish and crops into their own respective tanks, resulting in cleaner water that

is circulated through system. Crops are held in grow beds where they are suspended in a

floating raft system. This keeps the leafy portions dry, to avoid wilting, while the roots are

submerged. Fish occupy their own tanks, using a recirculating aquaculture system that is

connected to the rest of the aquaponics system.

6. Completed Design

6.1. Site Plan

Figure 12. Site Plan Completed Design. (Soper, Z. 2019)

6.2. Floor Plans

14
 Figure 13. Floor Plans Completed Design. (Soper, Z. 2019)

 Dual-Level Parking Garage

To compensate the residents of the Herald Commons, as well as the guests

of the SYR Aquaponics Market, a dual-level garage was designed. The structure

consists of 48 parking spots and 6 handicap parking spots. Grocery cart storage is

also available to shoppers on each level.

 Aquaponics System

15
 Figure 14. Aquaponic System Completed Design. (Soper, Z. 2019)

A commercial sized aquaponic system occupies the third and fourth floors

of the facility. Tilapia are grown alongside an assortment of vegetables that are sold

back to the community in the marketplace. Educational programs are available that

teach participants how to sustainably grow their own food.

 Sustainable Support

Figure 15. Sustainable Support Completed Design. (Soper, Z. 2019)

6.3. Building Sections

Image 1. Building Section A. (Soper, Z. 2019)

16
 Image 2. Building Section B. (Soper, Z. 2019)

6.4. Building Elevations

Image 3. South Elevation. (Soper, Z. 2019)

Image 4. West Elevation. (Soper, Z. 2019)

Image 5. North Elevation. (Soper, Z. 2019)

6.5. Perspectives

17
 Image 6. Herald Place Perspective. (Soper, Z. 2019)

Image 7. Second Floor Market Perspective. (Soper, Z. 2019)

Image 8. Third Floor Aquaponic Facility Perspective. (Soper, Z. 2019)

Conclusion:

18
 This architectural thesis aims counter the effects that food insecurity can have on a

community. Focusing on the Downtown and Near Westside districts of Syracuse, New

York, the solution that was explored consists of the inclusion of an urban farm and

marketplace to the city. By utilizing a commercial aquaponic system the facility can

provide a wide assortment of healthy options to an area that currently struggles to function

in a food desert.

This facility is designed to integrate into the existing urban fabric while serving as

a resource for the community. The subterranean dual-level garage provides parking for the

residents of the existing Herald Commons apartment complex as well as the employees

and guests of the aquaponic market. The market will sell the fish and crops harvested on

site to local consumers. These products are grown utilizing sustainable systems such as a

water retention, providing water for the grow beds and irrigate the vegetation on site, and a

photovoltaic array aids in the energy required to power the indoor grow lights.

Case Study 2 (Foreign Reference)

Takahashi, G.Y. (2013). Architecture + Aquaponics: cookie cutter homes of the future.

https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/45644/Takahashi_Gina_Fall%202013.pdf

Architecture + Aquaponics: cookie cutter homes of the future.

1. Project Location

The location that will be used for this project is situated in Ewa Beach, Hawaii. This

projects location is in response to the State of Hawaii’s current reliance on daily imported food

along with the locations popular demand of tract housing development in Ewa and their recent

growth in tract homes; nearby cities such as Kapolei are also experiencing this similar type of

housing development. Figure 5 below shows an example of some of the tract housing

development that is already existing in the Ewa regions of O’ahu.

19
 Figure 16. Ewa Beach Track Housing Development Source: https://maps.google.com/

2. Existing Site Information

Figure 17. Trades by Gentry Location for Design Base Source:

http://www.gentryhawaii.com/uploads/images/map2011.pdf

Figure 7 provides the location of the existing site that will be used as a design base for the

use of integrated aquaponics in a single-family home design. The site is conveniently located

right off of Fort Weaver Road, which offers access to H-1 freeway heading north and

accompanied by many nearby shopping centers, parks, schools K-12 and golf courses. The

location of the site is shown shaded in red and the dashed blue line provides directions to

Trades by Gentry in Ewa from Fort Weaver Road.

20
 Figure 18. Maintenance Easements and Side Yard Easements Source:

http://www.ewabygentry.net/ResourceCenter/DocViewer/18467?doc_file me=design

%20committee%20rules%20and%20regulations.pdf&doc_id=420856&print=1

The easement for the site of each single family home varies, however, the typical easement

for each house is provided by Ewa by Gentry’s current Design Committee Rules and

Regulations which applies to zero lots such as Trades by Gentry. As seen in Figure 16 above,

each easement area allows homeowners approximately ten feet of land to one side of their

homes for light, air and landscaping.

3. Proposed Building Design

21
 Figure 19. Trades by Gentry Model Homes Source:

http://www.gentryhawaii.com/uploads/TradesBrochure.pdf

4. Final Building Design

Figure 20. Site Plan for Linear Step Aquaponics. (Takahashi, G.Y. 2013)

 Linear Step Aquaponics System:

The following are drawings of the final building design for the Linear Step Aquaponics

System. Figure 10 below shows the site plan drawings for the Linear Step design, which

has changed from the schematic model in terms of function.

22
 Figure 21. Northeast Perspective Render for Linear Step Aquaponics. (Takahashi,

G.Y. 2013)

Figure 22. Detailed Render of Linear Step Aquaponics System. (Takahashi, G.Y. 2013)

Conclusion:

In conclusion, places like Hawai’i need to be more self-sustained. With the

numerous innovative ways to integrate self-sustained practices such as aquaponics in the

field of architecture, it is through confidence that this project helped to increase the

awareness of the importance of self-sustenance through integrated design option of

aquaponics systems in single family housing development. Creating an aquaponics system

that creates jobs and improves typical suburban single family housing development

lifestyles with the help of support maintenance facilities, will allow for future growth in

Hawaii towards a more self-sustained future.

1.5.c. Case Study 3 (Foreign Reference)

Kim, H.J. (February 2018), Aquaponics Basics.

https://ag.purdue.edu/hla/fruitveg/Presentations/Aquaponics%20Basics_February

%2013,%202018_Hye-Ji%20Kim.pdf

Aquaponics Basics

23
1. “Aquaponics” The Future Farming System

Aquaponics is a sustainable food production system that combines hydroponics with

aquaculture in a symbiotic environment. Aquaponics is a major form of “organic hydroponics

(bioponics)”.

Image 9. Aquaculture. (Kim, H.J. 2018)

Image 10. Hydroponics. (Kim, H.J. 2018)

2. Problems with Each System

a. Aquaculture:

 Rearing‐tank water has to be discharged at 10‐20% of total volume per day.

 The discharged water becomes a pollutant.

b. Hydroponics:

 Commercial fertilizers are expensive

 Solution has to be replaced periodically

 Disposal/runoff is problematic

24
  Nutrient concentration, pH, EC all have to be monitored, adjusted, controlled.

 Recirculating systems prone to disease.

 Water quality management is a challenge.

 Fish feeds are not designed for plants.

 Lack of scientific information

3. How does Aquaponics Work?

a. Fish are fed fish meal and produce ammonia rich waste. Too much ammonia is toxic

for the fish, but they can withstand high levels of nitrates.

b. The nitrifying bacteria breaks down ammonia into nitrites and then nitrates. Plants take

in the converted nitrate as nutrients.

c. Plants take in the converted nitrate as nutrients. Through this action, the plants purify

water for the fish.

d. Oxygen enters the system through an air pump. This oxygen is essential for plant

growth and fish survival.

e. Water moves around the system by the action of water pump.

Figure 23. Schematic diagram of an aquaponics system. (Kim, H.J. 2018)

4. Types of Aquaponics

 Closed System: Recirculating or Coupled System

 Open System: Drain to Waste or Decoupled System

5. Water base: Closed (Recirculating) System

25
 Image 11. Deep water culture “raft” system. (Kim, H.J. 2018)

Figure 24. Closed (Recirculating) System. (Kim, H.J. 2018)

Closed systems use 20–40% less water and fertilizer than open systems. Consistent

monitoring and maintenance of electrical conductivity (EC) and pH is required.

6. Substrate-base: Open (Drain to Waste) System

Image 12. Gravels, Coco coir croutons. (Kim, H.J. 2018)

26
 Figure 25. Open (Drain to waste) System. (Kim, H.J. 2018)

7. Plants for Aquaponics

Leafy vegetables Fruit vegetables Root Flowers

vegetables

Arugula Parsley Beans Beets Broccoli

Basil Spinach Cucumbers Carrots Cauliflower

Cabbage Swiss chard Eggplant Onions

Chive Watercress Okra Radishes Edible flowers

Kale Peas Ornamentals

Leek Amaranth Peppers

Lettuce Chia Strawberries

Mint Microgreens Squash

Mizuna Tomato

Mustard

greens

Pak choi

 Deep water system (DWS)

 NFT system

 Substrate‐based system

 Substrate‐based system

27
  High‐nutrients‐requirements

Table 1. Plants for Aquaponics. (Kim, H.J. 2018)

8. Other Considerations

 Aquaponics facility structure and layout

 Lighting

 Cooling and heating

 Aquaponics pest control

 Processing and marketing

Figure 26. Ceres Greenhouse Solutions. (Kim, H.J. 2018)

Conclusion:

Aquaponics has great potential to be a future farming system, provides wellness

tourism opportunity and provides unique educational opportunity to nurture for future

farmers. Aquaponics can be profitable if you are equipped with knowledge, your

vegetables are sold as organic produce and you have local government support.

Challenges need to be addressed as scientific research is needed to be done for

successful operation of aquaponics system with higher productivity and profitability,

proper aquaponics design is necessary for optimal crop yield and suitable fish/plants/fish

feed combinations for high profitability.

VI. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

28
 Case Study 4 (Local Reference)

Mariano, K.J. (March 2017). Aquaponics Agritourism Complex.

https://www.academia.edu/35182631/A_design_project_proposal_Aquaponics_Agritouris

m_Complex_Mariano

Aquaponics Agritourism Complex

1. Conceptual Framework

Figure 27. Conceptual Framework Aquaponics Agritourism Complex. (Mariano, K.J. 2017)

The framework is formulated and inspired by the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

Notice that the primary needs are located at the left part of the framework and the

secondary and tertiary needs are at the center and right parts, respectively.

This is not an implication of what is more important over what is relatively not.

This is a framework for solving the problem, starting from the issues, with a systematic

consideration of what needs to be done first, until the whole problem is solved.

2. Feasibility studies
29
  What is the Project

The project is to design an agritourism complex which focuses on aquaponics as its

farming system. The complex shall include recreational, educational and production spaces

which will be accessible to the public.

As an urban farm, the complex shall house multiple aquaponics set-ups which will

produce organic plants and fish. These products shall either be sold to the CGC community

and public markets or be featured in the complex’s restaurant & organic market.

Aquaponics, being a new farming system in the Philippines, is not yet widely

known in the country. The provision for recreational spaces such as a restaurant, organic

market, and the main food production space itself shall help society acknowledge this

farming system as a better alternative to the conventional farming systems that Filipino

farmers use.

Educational spaces such as conference halls and research areas shall be provided

for visitors who are eager to learn aquaponics and do further research and modifications to

this farming system.

Various processes such as background research, contextual analysis, design

programming, and schematics shall be conducted during the actual design process.

3. Key Elements of the Project

 Location

Figure 28. Clark Green City Conceptual Development Plan. (Mariano, K.J. 2017)

30
4. Site Selection & Site Analysis

 Site Selection Process

The Manual for Philippine Agritourism Program is a guidebook for developing

agritourism program in the Philippines. A significant content in this literature are the nine

factors that it has given that make a good agritourism site. These nine factors may serve as

the main criteria for the site selection of this project.

a. Accessibility and Distance- The site, preferably, should be of close proximity to

major gateways and highways.

b. Products- The products should be intended for consumption and sale. Basic needs

of plants should also be available and should be in good quality

c. Attractions- The site should be near major tourist destinations or important

facilities

d. Facilities & Utilities- There should be available necessary utilities such as

plumbing, electrical and water lines

e. Infrastructure- The site should be accessible using good roads. There should also

be available communication systems

f. Peace and Order- The vicinity should be peaceful and clam

g. Market Attractiveness- Farm site should be near the target market and should

respond to needs to secure its market growth and development

h. Environmental Techniques and methods geared to protect the environment -

Preferred sites are those with policies regarding sustainability

i. Social Acceptance- The government should be supportive of the project. It is also

preferred to have a site where users need this kind of facility.

5. Utilities

31
 Figure 29. Conceptual Underground Utilities at CGC. (Mariano, K.J. 2017)

BCDA has unveiled it plans of having an underground utility tunnel that will run along the

streets of Clark Green City. The underground utility tunnel is a joint venture partnership for

the development and operations of power generation and distribution, energy management,

water supply and disposal, district cooling, telecommunications & information systems, solid

waste management, and natural gas supply & distribution. All of which shall be connected to a

central operations facility.

The advantages of having a utility tunnel are: to allow for unobstructed views of the city,

significantly reduce costs and disruptions due to recurrent excavation works, better access to

utility lines for maintenance works/repairs, and provides added protection to utility lines and

real-time monitoring.

6. Implications to the Design

Based from the initial site inventory and SWOT analysis conducted, Figure 27 shows an

on-site representation of some of the design implications which should be done in order to

solve some of the threats and weaknesses found.

32
 Figure 30. On-site Design Implications. (Mariano, K.J. 2017)

7. Site Image Map

Figure 31. Site Image Map. (Mariano, K.J. 2017)

8. Site Program

33
 Figure 22. Site Program Bubble Diagram. (Mariano, K.J. 2017)

9. Conceptual Development Plan

Figure 33. Conceptual Development Plan. (Mariano, K.J. 2017)

Conclusion:

All these major issues may be potentially solved through aquaponics farming within an

agritourism facility. Aquaponics is the use of aquaculture (raising fish) and hydroponics (soil-free

plant farming) in order to achieve a sustainable & waste efficient foo production. Its system has

two vital elements which are the fish and the plants. In normal aquaculture, animals’ excretions

are usually thrown away since they are of no future use. Aquaponics integrated the use of plants,

in order to filter the water from all the animal excretions which are broken down into nitrates for

the plants’ nutrient. The plants in return provide clean water and all the nutrients needed by the

fishes. This would lead to almost 0% waste for the whole system and plenty of sustainable food

ready for consumption.

34
 An agritourism facility does not only provide sustainable food for consumers but also help

educate people with regards to food production. Letting people know how food is produced may

actually help them appreciate food sustainability.

Case Study 5 (Local Reference)

Perez, D. (2018). Navotas Fish Port Complex.

https://www.emaze.com/@AOICTOWWQ/navotas-fish-port-complex

Navotas Fishport Complex

Being an archipelago, much of the Philippines is surrounded by bodies of water.

The north is bordered by the Babuyan Channel, the west by the South China Sea, and the

south by the Celebes Sea. The Philippines' eastern coast faces the Pacific Ocean.

Furthermore, inland lakes and rivers exist within the islands, formed through time by

different geologic activities.

The Navotas Fish Port Complex (NFPC), the premier fish center of the Philippines and one

of the largest in Asia, is the first major fishing port and fish market complex placed under

the jurisdiction, control and supervision of the Philippine Fisheries Development Authority

(PFDA).

Image 13. Navotas Fish Port Complex. (Perez, D. 2018)

1. Location

Located at the heart of Navotas in the Northeastern section of Manila Bay, NFPC

can be reached direct from the Rizal Park via the Roxas Boulevard Extension (R-10) which

will eventually be extended to Bataan. The circumferential road (C-3) coming from

35
 Sampaloc, Manila and passing through Caloocan City ends directly in front of the main

exit gate of the fish port. NFPC, in fact, is centrally located within a five-kilometer radius

of the cities of Manila, Quezon, Caloocan, Navotas and Malabon. It is only 10 minutes

away from Divisoria, the country's premier bargain center.

Figure 34. Streetmap of Navotas Fish Port Complex. (Perez, D. 2018)

2. Service

 Unloading and marketing of fish both from commercial and municipal fishing

vessels.

 Provision of facilities for harbor operations including drydocking, fishing gear repair,

ice, water and fuel conveyance and product transshipment.

 Provision of processing and refrigeration facilities and services and companies

engaged in sardines and tuna canning.

 Marketing information dissemination such as fish prices, species processed inside the

port and volume of processed products.

 Provision of communication facilities, office spaces and raw land for the

establishment of fishery-related factories.

3. Dry-Docking Facilities

Though Navotas is not gifted with vast areas of land filled with attractions, it is home

to almost all vessels in the archipelago with its many dry docking facilities along the

36
 riverside which can accommodate any type of vessel from fishing boats, passenger vessels,

cargo vessels, towing vessels to barges. Dry docking facilities available are as follows:

 Floating Dry Dock - Located inside PFDA to accommodate large vessels, for

drydocking above sea water.

 Raid Type Dry Docking - Uses a rail and cable pulled by machine to get the vessel off

the water.

 Belt Type Docking - Uses a large 4-wheeled boom with belts of hard materials which

are lowered to the water and shipped to the bull of the vessel to easily carry and place it

to any part of the shipyard.

Figure 35. Bubble Diagram Navotas Fishport Complex. (Perez, D. 2018)

Conclusion:

Since the main purpose of the proposed Project is to improve the fish port and

solve its environmental problems, the help from different government and non-government

organization are being assumed. The Philippine Fisheries Development Authority (PFDA)

will help navotas fish port complex to become more globally competitive and help

improve the port’s facilities and delivery of service. It is also essential that port and

harbour projects should have an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which also

incorporates monitoring of air and marine water quality along with the collection of online

meteorological data throughout the life of the project. The EMP identifies the key

environmental issue across the project and provide strategies and plans for managing them

37
 effectively. The organizations that is mentioned above can be a great help on pursuing the

research itself.

1.5.f. Case Study 6 (Local Reference)

Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. (March 2016). A System Study on La Estrella Aquaponics.

https://www.academia.edu/41552246/A_System_Study_on_La_Estrella_Aquaponics

1. Nature of the Business and Services

Philippine Aquaponics is the partner organization of La Estrella Farms. Philippine

Aquaponics is an establishment created to unify and update Aquaponics enthusiasts within the

country. They offer tutorials, guides for setups, customized system plans and other reference

materials and consultative services. La Estrella farms is overseen by Philippine Aquaponics on

a quarter yearly basis, excluding offered programs that highlight the farm as well as

consultation visits. The affiliated company does not generate in any form of profit for the

studied system. Philippine Aquaponics acts as a national avenue for various Aquaponics

Farms scattered all over the country, the conceptualization of this avenue provides means for

the farms to collaborate and widen their network in the industry since they provide sites and a

wide range of services and materials for Aquaponics farmers and enthusiasts. La Estrella

Farms is also able to receive a certain degree of consultancy from Philippine Aquaponics apart

from other third party consultancy services offered by external individuals, farms, and the like.

2. Equipments

In this partition of the study, the breakdown of all the Machinery and Equipment is listed

here, as well as their uses, functions and roles, lifespan and how long the equipment will

be usable in the system, the number of units/pieces at hand, initial cost and supplier of said

equipment used in the Aquaponics system.

 320 Watts Aerator

38
 Image 14. 320 Watts Aerator. (Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. 2016)

The 320 Watts Aerator is used for the fish tanks in order to ensure adequate levels of

dissolved oxygen that the fishes need. The duration of operation depends upon the type of

fish. The 320 Watts Aerator is used for the Fish tanks since it can pump a greater amount of

water compared to that of the aerator used for the grow beds. The higher the quantity of

water being pumped out, the higher the amount of power required, which is equivalent to

the wattage.

 120 Watts Aerator

Image 15. 120 Watts Aerator. (Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. 2016)

The 120 Watts Aerator is used for the grow beds in ensuring adequate levels of dissolved

oxygen for the plants. This Aerator only requires 120 wattage because it pumps out less water

compared to the 320 Watts Aerator.

 120 Watts Submersible Pump

39
 Image 16. 120 Watts Submersible Pump. (Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. 2016)

The 120 Watts Submersible Pump is used in the transferring of the water from the grow

beds back to the fish tanks.

 IBC

Image 17. IBC. (Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. 2016)

The IBC is a portable aquaponic unit that is used in order to provide additional production

of other vegetables. This unit serves as another fish tank and gravel media grow bed to allow

growth of other crops, such as tomatoes and kangkong, it contains 20 Tilapia fish and seasonal

crop vegetables for quality testing of plants yet to be used in sales and production.

 Gravel

Image 18. Gravel. (Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. 2016)

The Gravel is used in the IBC units to acts as a media for the plants to take root in.

Additionally, the Gravel acts as a natural filter that would cleanse the water of fish wastes and

other materials that would be harmful for when the water returns to the fish.

40
 Water Tester

Image 19. Water Tester. (Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. 2016)

 DWC Grow bed

Image 20. DWC Grow bed. (Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. 2016)

The grow bed serves as the floating medium for the Lettuce and Kale to grow in. The

system implements the DWC grow bed wherein they use a floating raft (styrofoam boards) and

12 inches depth of water underneath for the plants to soak in the nutrients which come from

the fish. This is the main media wherein they plant and harvest their crops for selling and

distribution.

 Seedling plot

Image 21. Seedling plot. (Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. 2016)
41
 The seedling plot is what serves as a “mini greenhouse” for the seeds to be able to

germinate. It protects and seals the seedlings as it grows until the seedlings are ready for

transfer to the Grow beds.

 Greenhouse

Image 22. Greenhouse. (Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. 2016)

The greenhouse serves as a structure to contain and protect the grow bed, which hold the

Lettuce and Kale, from the other factors that may affect the growth process. It paves way to a

greater control over the growing environment, it also houses humidity and other insects or

pests that aid in the production of the vegetables. It is built on the foundation of a thin screen

netting, UV plastic roofing and Steel piping that serves as columns for the skeleton.

3. Flow: Based on the Layout

Figure 36. Layout and Flow of Fish and Produce Production and Collection. (Chua, J.C. &

Chua, K.L. 2016)

The two main processes of vegetation and fish collection are depicted here, and their flows

can be seen in Figure 21 as well as the main facility layout. The layout of the Aquaponics

42
 system shows the areas assigned for the worker when he follows a certain protocol, whether it

be collection of the fish, or the collection and planting of vegetation.

Image 23. Station 1 of Vegetation Collection: Grow bed with Labels. (Chua, J.C. & Chua,

K.L. 2016)

Image 24. Station 1 of Fish Collection: Fish Tanks with Labels. (Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L.

2016)

Conclusion:

Initially, prior to creating the conceptual design, there must first be a consideration as to

whether the unit being design would be for personal/hobby purposes or commercial/business

processes. This is done in order that there would be a direction and an alignment of expectations in

terms of considerations and design. After expectations have been set regarding the purpose of the

unit, monetary aspects would dictate steps taken if the objective is to get a return on investments

or to bear the costs for the benefits of having the system. It’s similar to a trade-off between

function/utility and income/costs.

43
 The decision would dictate the amount of study or consideration given in the construction

of the system. From the decision on the considerations for the construction of the system, the

participant then considers whether he would buy the system/major parts of it or whether it would

prove financially sounder if the participant would simply build it.

VII. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This study aims to provide an effective planning and design which looks into the current

situation of fish farming and hatchery industry to bring in development. The goal of this study

is to come up with a design which is properly and sharply premeditated, for the Aquaponics

Complex.

The intent of this study is to find new approaches on greening the fish port and its

consequences. To introduce the concept of sustainability in the area that is actually

experiencing the environmental degradation.

Input Process Output

1. Role of Architecture 1. Role of Architecture

A. Sustainability A. Sustainability

 Criteria of Organic Fish  Data gathered from research “Aquaponics

and Vegetables  User and Proponent needs Complex: A New

 Scientific and assessment Approach to Fish

Technological Challenges  Scientific and Technological and Vegetable

- Problems (Nutrients, Challenges Farming

44
 Water, Energy) B. Important Aspects integrating

B. Important Aspects  Interview and Surveys Modular Design

 Marketing Evaluation in Calamba,

 Technical  Research data Laguna”

 Environmental
C. Character of Local
 Social
 Evaluation of data
 Financial
gathered
 Economic
D. Science and Research

C. Character of Local  Evaluation analysis of

 Landforms data

 Environment 2. Aquaponics Approach

 Landscape  Areas and Facility

D. Science and Research analysis

 Benefits  Relationship and

 Education & Awareness Functionality of areas

2. Aquaponics Approach 3. Site Design and Planning

A. Aquaponics Facilities Process

B. Hydroponics Facilities A. Site Aspect

C. Market Port/Commercial  Site factors and user

Facilities requirements

3. Site Design and Planning F. Site location details

Process G. Current context

A. Site Aspect H. Neighborhood context

 Accessibility  Site and Zoning Details

- Road Access - Site boundary and

- Entry/Exit dimensions

- Pedestrian - Any rights of way

- Public Transport through the site and the

45
 - Port to cages dimensions

 Landscape and - Any easements location

Vegetation and dimensions

- Fences - Buildable area of the site

- Trees - Any building height

- Shrubs restrictions

 Natural Features - Access to the site – car

- Inland parking, bus routes, train

- Lake stations, cycle routes,

B. Modular Planning pedestrian walkways.

 System Approach  SWOT studies and Site

- Interaction Type Factor analysis

(Parallel, Sequential, - Analyze the site

Coupled) organization's strengths,

C. Building Planning weaknesses,

 Plan Organization opportunities, and

- Modular Design of threats.

Aquaponics Systems B. Space Planning

 Building Laws and  Evaluation of applicable

Controls extracted guidelines and

- National Building Code ideas

(PD 1096) C. Building Planning

- Accessibility Law (BP  Architectural Programming

344)  Bubble Diagram

- Sanitation Code of the  Building Organization

Philippines (PD 856)  Analyzing areas

functionality and
D. Building Design
relationships
 Exterior and Interior

46
 form/shape
D. Building Design
- Architectural
 Conceptualization
Conceptualization of the
analysis process to
exterior design
determine the design
Contemporary Architectural
concept of the project.
Style
 Application of

E. Tropical Design contemporary and

 Sun Path sustainable design for the

 Prevailing Winds project.

 Neighborhood Noises  Area Computations:

Topography Space Factor/Standard

Sizes of Rooms

 Extraction analysis of

systems

E. Tropical Design

 Site Analysis

 Extraction analysis of

case study related

 Extraction of

Comprehensive Land

Use Plan

Table 1. Conceptual Framework

VIII. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Aquaculture - also known as aquafarming, is the farming of fish, crustaceans, mollusks,

aquatic plants, algae, and other organisms.

47
Aquaponics - is a combination of aquaculture, which is growing fish and other aquatic

animals, and hydroponics which is growing plants without soil. Aquaponics uses these two in

a symbiotic combination in which plants are fed the aquatic animals' discharge or waste.

Fisheries - the occupation, industry, or season of taking fish or other sea animals.

Hydroponics - the process of growing plants in sand, gravel, or liquid, with added nutrients

but without soil.

Sustainable Food - it must first take into account environmental, health, social & economic

concerns and consists of eight inter-related principles; local & seasonal, organic, reduce foods

of animal origin & maximize welfare standards, excludes fish species identified as at risk, fair-

trade certified products, promote health & well-being, food democracy, reduction of waste and

packaging.

Modular Design – or modularity in design, is a design principle that subdivides a system into

smaller parts called modules, which can be independently created, modified, replaced, or

exchanged with other modules or between different systems.

Market Port Area – commercial area that serves for marketing the fish and vegetable

products.

48
 CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the system of gathering information related to the study. The

study will be able to identify the present various procedures and factors to be consider for

the overall solution of the Aquaponics Complex project after the application of the

different methods in data gathering. The following procedure, guidelines and ordinances

will be utilized to attain data needed in each specific objective.

I. LOCALE OF THE STUDY

Figure. Laguna Map. Digital Image retrieved March 10, 2021 from

http://www.google.com.ph

The Aquaponics Complex will be situated at one of the Carmelray Industrial Park in

Punta Calamba Laguna. The site can be access by two main roads; Makiling Drive which

connects Punta to Milagrosa Calamba; and Ridge Avenue which is the main road inside

the Industrial Park.

City of Calamba is a first class component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines.

According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 454,486 people.

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 It is one of the suppliers of fish in the Philippines. Given its location, it has always had

problems about the supply of fish and vegetable goods in the market. Fish production

declines due to several reasons such as climate change and increase of demand due to

pandemic.

The same situation is also evident in terms of the province’s source for vegetables.

Fresh vegetables had to come all the way from the Mountain Province and has to be

travelled almost half a day.

II. DATA GATHERING TOOLS AND PROCEDURES

This paper discusses the gathering data and their corresponding procedures in line with

the stated objectives of the study.

Objective 1:

To identify and understand the role of Architecture in facilitating science and

environment through the design of Aquaponics Complex.

A. Role of Architecture

Sources of Data:

i. Gather Data/Documents

The researcher will gather data through internet with the respective

requirements that will help the study improve its importance through

sustainability, important aspects, character of local and science and research.

Procedure:

The information gathered will be listed and analyzed through tabulation for

which it will identify the relativeness for the study.

Objective 2:

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 To establish new approaches in planning and designing fish and vegetable

farming through identifying facilities and areas:

A. Aquaponics Application

Sources of Data:

i. Gather Data/Documents

The researcher will gather data in connection to Aquaponics standards,

guidelines, facilities and system that would integrate to the design planning of the

project.

Procedure:

These Aquaponics systems and facilities will be analyzed and considered by

the researcher as well as the organization and management structure.

Objective 3:

To plan and design an Aquaponics Complex integrating modular design

applications in terms of:

A. Site Design and Planning Process

Sources of Data:

i. Observation

This method covers the location visit where the researcher looked at the

physical and existing conditions of the area. It appeared that there were

proposed and existing location features, street networks, access to location, and

existing vehicle movement patterns.

Procedure:

After the observation method, the information accumulated is analyze and

considered within the plan of the Aquaponics Complex.

B. Modular Planning

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Sources of Data:

i. Observation

This method recognized the location boundary and its measurements, rights

of way all through the area and the site and security in and around. Also, it

determined the circulation of how the individuals access or the site stream around

or inside it. It was additionally vital to know the public transport near to the

location.

ii. Gather Data/Documents

These are the plan rules and legal restrictions such as building height limit

and what is the past use of the location. It also incorporates the current provisions

of disabled access and how would this have to be compelled to considered.

Procedure:

The researcher considered the assembled information through area analysis,

the relationship, the functions and what would be the best possible locations for

each area.

C. Building Design

Sources of Data:

i. Gather Data/Documents

This method collects data approximately the architectural features and

materials for the plan of the project. It moreover assembles information for

planning a contemporary style that would upgrade not only the aesthetic but

moreover the promoting technique of the building.

Procedure:

All of the information and data collected would be translated through the

plan analysis and conceptualization of exterior design from the researcher.

D. Tropical Design
52
 Sources of Data:

i. Observation

The researcher went over the site and determined the topography and the

soil types and the orientation of the site location.

ii. Gather Data/Documents

Gathering information like temperature and climate conditions is through current

studies about the location such as the Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Calamba

Laguna and other government agencies that conduct a study relating to the location.

The prevailing winds, noise around the site and the sun path will determine by site

analysis.

Procedure:

After the site analysis and the information gathered where the conditions of

the site is distinguished. These are implemented to the design planning through

locations of areas and fenestrations and it will distinguish the architectural building

envelop.

III. METHODS OF PRESENTATION

A. Manuscript:

The discussions, researches, concepts, information, and data gathered are

in the form of a thesis manuscript. The manuscript follows the academic

writing standards of the American Psychological Association (APA) format.

The manuscript follows the U.C. format, with a similar font style and size,

margins, spacing, and printed on 8.5" x13" coupon bond paper.

B. Architectural drawings

The architectural were rendered through Autocad, Sketchup, and Lumion.

It is a 3D representation of the project's layout and site planning, emphasizing

the facilities and areas, driveways, landscapes, building location as well as

53
open spaces.

C. Presentation:

The vital information about the project – Planned Unit Development was

summarized into a Microsoft Powerpoint presentation. It presents the main

idea of chapter I consisting of the background of the study, goals and

objectives, target beneficiaries, and the literature reviews that strengthen the

relevance of the study and the Chapter II, showing the site features of the lot.

It also discusses the architectural solution for the project and the reasoning

behind the solutions and concepts used.

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END NOTES

REFERENCES

I. BOOK

 Goddek, S., Joyce, A., Kotzen, B., Burnell, g.m. (2019). Aquaponics Food
Production. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-
030-15943-6

 CLUP of the City of Calamba, (2017). The Comprehensive Land Use Plan.
Retrieved from The Economic Structure:

https://www.calambacity.gov.ph

II. ARTICLE

 Kim, H.J. (2018). Aquaponics Basics. Retrieved from:

https://ag.purdue.edu/hla/fruitveg/Presentations/Aquaponics%20Basics_February
%2013,%202018_Hye-Ji%20Kim.pdf

 Proksch, G., Ianchenko, A., Kotzen, B. (2019). Aquaponics in the Built

Environment. Retrieved from:

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_2

 United Nations (2019). World Population Prospects 2019. Retrieved from

UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs:

https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_Highlights.pdf

 Rosen, M.A. (2015). Challenges of Sustainable and Commercial Aquaponics.

Retrieved from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
274895014_Challenges_of_Sustainable_and_Commercial_Aquaponics

III.MANUSCRIPT

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 Soper, Z. (May 2019). Countering Food Insecurity in the Urban
Environment: SYR Aquaponics Market, Syracuse, New York. Retrieved
from:

http://web.alfredstate.edu/faculty/petricja/S19_SOPER_BARCHTHESIS.pdf

 Chua, J.C. & Chua, K.L. (March 2016). A System Study on La Estrella
Aquaponics. Retrieved from: Retrieved from:

https://www.academia.edu/41552246/
A_System_Study_on_La_Estrella_Aquaponics

 Mariano, K.J. (March 2017). Aquaponics Agritourism Complex. Retrieved

from:

https://www.academia.edu/35182631/
A_design_project_proposal_Aquaponics_Agritourism_Complex_Mariano

 Perez, D. (2018). Navotas Fish Port Complex. Retrieved from:

https://www.emaze.com/@AOICTOWWQ/navotas-fish-port-complex

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Karmel Lapuz Balondo

Binan, Laguna

[email protected]

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Karmel Balondo is originally from San Antonio Nueva Ecija and spend her primary and

secondary school there. Karmel loves to travel to a place where it has historical background

connected to Architecture. She has a great fascination for history and culture. Her father is an

Architect that is why she chose to take Architecture and make her father proud of her.

Karmel has a great sense of humor that her friends love. She is communicative and outgoing.

She loves to sing and play music every time. Karmel will not let herself be offended and she try to

make sure her opinion is respected. She likes to be independent in everything her doing. She always

tries to help solve any problem and friends say that she is capable of leading when she need, to give

a hand when someone is not capable to manage something.