Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Vol. 23, No. 2, August 2021, pp. 1030~1038

ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp1030-1038  1030

Performance analysis of encryption and decryption algorithm

Pronika, S. S. Tyagi
Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International
Institute of Research & Studies, Haryana, India

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: In this tumultuous 21st century, we are surrounding by lots of applications
such as social media websites all over the internet or this era can also define
Received Apr 5, 2021 as digital era in which everything is accessible over the internet. There are
Revised Jun 29, 2021 billions of internet users all over the world and they share their information
Accepted Jul 7, 2021 over the same and because of this lots of people intentionally trying to steal
the confidential data of other people, so it is always advisable to share and
store data in encrypted form. In this paper, we discuss different encryption
Keywords: and decryption algorithms and compare them with respect to time take by
these algorithms for encrypting and decrypting different sizes of files.
Cryptography
Data security
Decryption
Encryption
Network security This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Performance comparison

Corresponding Author:
Pronika
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Manav Rachna International Institute of Research & Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
Background: Crypto derived from a Greek word Krypto’s, which means concealed. It is undauntedly
related to encryption, which is the display of scrambling standard substance into what's known as cipher text
and thusly back again upon appearance. Likewise, cryptography besides covers the absence of meaning of data
in pictures utilizing methods, for example, microdots or joining together. In a larger picture cryptography can
defined as the combination of encryption and decryption. Cryptography is defined as the process of converting
plain text into cipher text and cipher text into plain text. Data security assumes a significant part during web
correspondence in the present period of innovation [1], [2]. There are different cryptography techniques that
give a way to make sure about trade and instalment to private interchanges and ensuring passwords [3]-[5].
Cryptography is vital for secure interchanges; it is not without help from anyone else adequate. The analysis of
safe correspondences techniques that simply grant the sender and arranged recipient of a message to see its
substance. When passing on electronic information, the most striking utilization of cryptography is to encode
and unscramble email and other plain-messages. The most direct strategy uses the symmetric or "secret key"
system. Here, data is mixed using a secret key, and subsequently both the encoded message and secret key are
shipped off the recipient for deciphering. For the present circumstance, every customer has two keys: one open
and one private. Senders request the open key of their proposed recipient, scramble the message, and send it
along. Right when the message appears, only the recipient's private key will decipher it - which implies theft is
of no use without the relating private key [6]-[8].
Problem Statement: Data is the new soil, and it is costlier than the oil in this era because most of us
are using internet and out of which majority of people are not aware of theft associated with it. As in 2020

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Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  1031

there are around 4.57 billion internet users in the world and out of these 4.57 billion internet users there are
more than 4 billion people who are not aware of the risks associated with it and their mitigation strategy.
Most of the internet users become the victim of intentional hackers because they are not well educated for
this cybercrime. Digital eras bring lots of opportunity but with this data security risk also increase day by day
because everyone’s personal confidential information is over the internet because most of the applications
ask for some details before allowing you to sign in. Therefore, if we are connected to internet then it’s the
responsibility of company’s and end user both to protect their data and this can be done by using encryption
and it help to achieve confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA) triad.
Proposed: encryption is the fundamental structure square of data security and is the most un-troublesome
and most critical way to deal with ensure a PC system's information can't be taken and scrutinized by someone
who needs to use it for awful techniques. Used by both individual clients and enormous organizations, encryption
is generally utilized on the web to guarantee the sacredness of client data that is sent between a program and a
worker [9]-[11]. There are n number of encryption algorithm available to encrypt data but in this research paper we
discussed only those algorithms which are very popular and widely used in the professional areas like Higher
Education, IT Industry, Research and Military. Data encryption standard (DES), Data encryption standard
version 3 (DES3), Blowfish, ARC4, MD5, AES [12]-[14] are some algorithms discussed in this paper. To find out
the relation between the time taken by encryption algorithm to encrypt the data to the size of data. For this data
files of different sizes have been selected. In this paper we discuss result of different encryption algorithms on files
of size 1KB, 10KB, 100KB, 1MB and encryption time is measured in seconds.
Decoding is the way toward changing over scrambled or encoded information or text back to its
unique plain organization that individual’s PC applications can undoubtedly peruse and fathom [15]. This is
something contrary to encryption which includes coding information to make it confused by everybody
except just by those with coordinating decoding keys. What the decoding does is to decode the information
and can manual, programmed utilizing suitable programming or by utilization of explicit keys, passwords or
codes. This changes the indistinguishable or confused information to the first content documents, email
messages, pictures, client information, and catalogues that clients and PC frameworks can peruse and
decipher. Just the approved individuals can unscramble the information since the will require the keys. In the
encryption-unscrambling measure, the individual who scrambles the information must give the beneficiaries
the capacity to translate the information either by providing the manual or passwords or by the utilization of
computerized decoding programming [16]-[18].
− DES
Data encryption standard (DES) has been found vulnerable against particularly amazing assault and in
this manner, the commonness of DES has been discovered fairly on not. DES is a square code and
encodes data in squares of size of 64 piece each, in which plaintext of 64 bits goes as the commitment to
DES, which produces 64 bits of cipher text.
- DES3
Triple DES is an encryption method, which utilizes three occurrences of DES on same plain content.
Triple DES is additionally helpless beside compromise assault due to which it gives absolute security
level of 2^112 as opposed to utilizing 168 pieces of key. The square crash assault should likewise be
possible considering short square size and utilizing same key to encode huge size of text. It is additionally
defenceless against sweet32 assault.
- ARC4
ARC4 (Alleged RC4) is the usage of RC4 (Rivest's cipher adaptation 4) an asymmetric stream figure
planned by Ron Rivest in 1987. The organization that claims RC4 (RSA data inc.) never affirmed the
accuracy of the spilled calculation. Dissimilar to RC2, the organization has never distributed the full
detail of RC4, of whom it despite everything holds the brand name. ARC4 keys can fluctuate long from
40 to 2048 pieces.
- Blowfish
Blowfish is one of the square code methods which splits a message into fixed length blocks during
encryption and unscrambling. It is a 64-digit block code and it is quick calculation to scramble the
information. It requires 32-digit chip at pace of one byte for each 26 clock cycles. It is variable length key
square code up to 448 pieces [19].
- AES
The advanced encryption standard (AES) is a symmetric square code picked by the U.S. government to
secure grouped data. AES is executed in programming and equipment all through the world to scramble
touchy information. It is fundamental for government PC security, cybersecurity, and electronic
information insurance [20].
Different types of secure algorithms explained above, now we discussed the comparisons. Table 1
shows the comparisons between secured algorithms related to different factors.

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Table 1. Comparison between secured algorithms

Factors DES AES RSA Blowfish
Invented by IBM Vincent Rijmen, Joan Ron Rivest, Adi Bruce Schneier
Daemen Shamir, and Leonard
Adleman
Year 1977 2001 1978 1993
Cipher Symmetric Block Cipher Symmetric Block Cipher Asymmetric Block Symmetric Block
Cipher Cipher
Key Length 56 128-256 1024 32-448
Block Size 64 128 Not fixed 64
Security Level Not adequate Excellent High High
No. of Rounds 16 10-14 1 16
Speed of Slow Fast Slow Fast
algorithm
Power Low Low High Low
Consumption
Performance DES considered insecure AES-CBC is what older RSA performance Blowfish is informal
but it becomes secure when clients commonly use. degraded when we replacement of DES
it comes in the form of AES-CBC mode is compare with DES. and IDEA
Triple DES. susceptible to attacks such
as Lucky13 and BEAST.
Security Feature DES taken as unsecured Most CPUs now include RSA used for digital Blowfish gaining
due to its small size. hardware AES support signing but it is slowly popularity as a
making it very fast. slower. robust encryption
algorithm.
Supported by Triple DES supported by Supported by TrueCrypt, SSH v1 only uses Supported by SSH.
SSH/ TrueCrypt TrueCrypt. SSH. RSA keys

2. RELATED WORK
This section deals with the related work in the field of cryptography and its related algorithms.
Tayal et al. [5] discussed the concept of cryptography; it is a process in which user secure his text and receiver
can read that secured information. In cryptography, two types of keys used one is public key and other is private
key. Dixit et al. [6] explained the concept of plaintext, ciphertext, and related terms of security of data like
confidentiality, integrity and availability. In [7], [8] proposed the hybrid algorithm in the paper like ECC with
Hill Cipher, ECC with AES. Hybrid algorithm means it is a combination of different types of algorithms.
Abdullah [9] used AES algorithm in this paper and evaluation criteria of AES was cost and security. AES
Encryption and decryption process explained in this paper. In [12]-[14] discussed different types of symmetric
and asymmetric algorithms. Comparison between AES and DES using different parameters discussed in the
form of table. Chinnasamy et al. [15] explained the weakness of traditional symmetric and asymmetric
algorithm and proposed a new algorithm that is the combination of ECC and Blowfish, which provides the high
security and confidentiality to the data. Tallapally and Manjula [16] proposed a multilevel security scheme that
provide more security as compare to single level security in encryption. The proposed algorithm is faster and
safe in multiple direction. In [17], [18] explained different types of cloud models, their advantages and
disadvantages. Security issues related to data when user stored data on cloud also discussed with different
parameters. Guo and Sun [19] proposed an order revealing encryption scheme in which cloud service provider
cannot find or calculate the order of the plaintext until the comparison token not given to them. Chinnasamy
and Deepalakshmi [21] discussed the hybrid method for secure storage of health care data in cloud. They
explained operations of Blowfish, enhanced RSA algorithm, and compare the proposed scheme with time and it
gives fast encryption time and efficient key management. Chinnasamy and Deepalakshmi [22] introduced
improved key generation scheme for RSA algorithm and speed of proposed method is higher as compared to
other RSA methods. In [23], [24] discussed hybrid algorithm for healthcare system and used One Time Pad with
RSA algorithm in cryptography techniques. In [25]-[28] explained the data storage and data retrieval framework
for cloud and discussed the searchable encryption process for data storage and decryption process for data
retrieval. In [29], [30] authors discussed about the security using different cryptographic techniques.
Comparisons of these techniques also described by authors and they give a method using elliptic curve
cryptography to provide security using smaller key length.

3. RESEARCH METHOD
In this paper, comparing time taken by different algorithms for encryption and decryption of different
size of file, we also find out there is a trade-off between security and time. Both factors security and time play a
vital role for selecting an algorithm because if we compromise with any of these two then it may influence the
performance of the system in terms of security and efficiency. Therefore, we are proposing that before selecting

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Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  1033

an encryption or decryption algorithm we must check the size of a file we have to encrypt, or decrypt then based
on that appropriate algorithm should be selected. There has consistently been a tradeoff between two things. If
there should arise an occurrence of cryptographic calculations the tradeoff is between speed and security. On the
off chance that we talk about speed and bargain on security, at that point in this situation Blowfish is more
proficient than some other calculation including AES nevertheless, if security matters to us more than speed for
this situation AES is generally productive. Here we are more worried about security that which calculation
makes our information most secure with the goal that is the reason we will utilize AES. Each method has some
powerless focuses. The week purpose of AES is speed because of its intricacy.
In this paper, we will discuss the performance of different cryptographic algorithm while encryption
and decryption with different size of files like 1KB, 10KB, 100KB, and 1MB. First, one by one, algorithm
applied on plain text to encrypt it in cipher text and then same algorithms used to decrypt the cipher text into
plain text. The flowchart of proposed methodology is showing in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Flowchart of proposed methodology

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1. Encryption
− DES
In this research work, we use the DES algorithm on different sizes of file and note down the time taken by
these algorithms to encrypt the different file. Many times, it observed that many algorithms could encrypt
small data files much faster than the large data files. DES is the first algorithm used in this research and it
can encrypt 1KB of file in 0.000996828 seconds, 10KB of file in 0.001995087 seconds, 100KB of file in
0.009972572 seconds and 1MB of file in 0.040885448 seconds. These results of DES shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Comparison of time taken by DES algorithm to Encrypt files of different size
Performance analysis of encryption and decryption algorithm (Pronika)
1034  ISSN: 2502-4752

After DES, second algorithm discussed in this paper is modified version of DES popularly known Triple
DES.

− DES3
DES3 is the other algorithm. It can encrypt 1KB of file in 0.001995087 seconds, 10KB of file in
0.001994133 seconds, 100KB of file in 0.01994729 seconds and 1MB of file in 0.095748663 seconds.
These results of DES3 shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Comparison of time taken by DES3 algorithm to Encrypt files of different size

− ARC4
It can encrypt 1KB of file in 0.000989437 seconds, 10KB of file in 0.00199604 seconds, 100KB of file in
0.002984047 seconds and 1MB of file in 0.017950773 seconds. These results of ARC4 shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Comparison of time taken by ARC4 algorithm to Encrypt files of different size

− Blowfish
It can encrypt 1KB of file in 0.001996517 seconds, 10KB of file in 0.001995564 seconds, 100KB of file in
0.007981062 seconds and 1MB of file in 0.026927948 seconds. These results of Blowfish shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Comparison of time taken by Blowfish algorithm to Encrypt files of different size

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− AES
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) began the advancement of AES in 1997 when
it reported the requirement for an option in contrast to the data encryption standard (DES), which was
beginning to get powerless against beast power assaults. It can encrypt 1KB of file in 0.00199604
seconds, 10KB of file in 0.002985477 seconds, 100KB of file in 0.007977724 seconds and 1MB of file in
0.033907175 seconds. These results of AES shown in Figure 6. Figures are best way to represent their
results therefore these results of encryption shown in above graphs and their data shown in Table 2.

Figure 6. Comparison of time taken by AES algorithm to Encrypt files of different size

Table 2. Time take by cryptography algorithm for encryption

Size/Algorithm DES Blowfish ARC4 DES3 AES
1KB 0.00099682 0.00199651 0.0009894 0.0019950 0.00199604
10KB 0.00199508 0.00199556 0.0019960 0.0019941 0.00298547
100KB 0.00997257 0.00798106 0.0029840 0.0199472 0.00797772
1 MB 0.04088544 0.02692794 0.0179507 0.0957486 0.03390717

4.2. Decryption
− DES
In this research work, we use the same algorithm on different sizes of file and note down the time taken
by these algorithms to decrypt the different file. Many times, it observed that many algorithms could
encrypt small data files much faster than the large data files. DES is the first algorithm used in this
research and it can encrypt 1KB of file in 0.000996828 seconds, 10KB of file in 0.001995087 seconds,
100KB of file in 0.009972572 seconds and 1MB of file in 0.040885448 seconds. These results of DES
shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7. Comparison of time taken by DES algorithm to decrypt files of different size

− Blowfish
It can encrypt 1KB of file in 0.001996517 seconds, 10KB of file in 0.001995564 seconds, 100KB of file in
0.007981062 seconds and 1MB of file in 0.026927948 seconds. These results of Blowfish shown in Figure 8.

Performance analysis of encryption and decryption algorithm (Pronika)

1036  ISSN: 2502-4752

Figure 8. Comparison of time taken by Blowfish algorithm to decrypt files of different size

− ARC4
It can encrypt 1KB of file in 0.000989437 seconds, 10KB of file in 0.00199604 seconds, 100KB of file in
0.002984047 seconds and 1MB of file in 0.017950773 seconds. These results of ARC4 shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9. Comparison of time taken by ARC4 algorithm to decrypt files of different size

− DES3
It can encrypt 1KB of file in 0.001995087 seconds, 10KB of file in 0.001994133 seconds, 100KB of file in
0.01994729 seconds and 1MB of file in 0.095748663 seconds. These results of DES3 shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10. Comparison of time taken by DES3 algorithm to decrypt files of different size

Graphs are best way to represent their results therefore these results of decryption shown in above
graphs and their data shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Time takes by cryptography algorithm for decryption

Algorithm/Size 1KB 10KB 100KB 1MB
DES 0.000994682 0.002992392 0.004985809 0.034943819
Blowfish 0.00099206 0.00299263 0.001995087 0.023936033
ARC4 0.000997305 0 0.000997543 0.009969234
DES3 0.00099659 0.00099802 0.016951561 0.094743252

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5. CONCLUSION
The examination of various computations shows that the nature of model depends on the key
organization, kind of cryptography, number of keys, number of pieces used in a key. All the keys rely upon
the mathematical properties. The keys having a more prominent number of pieces requires more estimation
time which fundamentally shows that the structure puts aside more exertion to scramble the data. AES data
encryption is an even more mathematically powerful and rich cryptographic figuring, anyway its basic
quality rests in the option for various key lengths. In this paper, we discussed different encryption and
decryption algorithms and compared them with respect to time take by these algorithms for encrypting and
decrypting different sizes of files. Different size of files is compared with respect to different encryption and
decryption algorithm. To explain how size can affect the performance and time to encrypt and decrypt text,
file size of 1 KB, 10 KB, 100 KB and I MB size of files are compared first for encryption with DES,
Blowfish, ARC4, DES3 and AES. After encryption same size of files are decrypt using the DES, Blowfish,
ARC4 and DES3 algorithm. From this comparison, it can conclude that DES algorithm is best suited to
encrypt 1KB of file and ARC4 to encrypt 1MB of file whereas to decrypt 1MB of file ARC4 algorithm is
best suited and DES3 is best suited to decrypt 1KB of file.

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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Ms. Pronika is presently working as an Assistant Professor in Department of computer

Science & Engineering department in Manav Rachna International Institute of Research &
Studies (MRIIRS), India from 2008. She completed her B.tech from KUK University,
Kurukshetra in 2007 and M.Tech from Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur in 2009. Currently, she is
pursuing Ph.D. from MRIIRS in computer science. Her area of interest is operating system,
network security, database and cloud computing. She has more than 25 publications in reputed
journals and conferences.

Dr. S.S. Tyagi is presently working as a Professor and Dean of Faculty of Compter
Applications in Manav Rachna International Institute of Research & Studies, Faridabad, India.
He completed his Phd. From Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra and M.E. from BITS, Pilani
and B. Tech from Nagpur University in computer science. He is having an experience of more
than 27 years in academics/teaching and research. He is a senior member of various
professional organizations like IEEE, ACM, CSI, QCI, and ASQ. He is past chair, IEEE
Computer Society, Delhi Section. There are more than 70 publications to his credit in National
and International Journals. He has guided 06 Ph.Ds and several M.Tech Thesis and guiding
Ph.D scholars in the field of Cloud Computing, Adhoc Networks, and Wireless Security.

Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol. 23, No. 2, August 2021: 1030 - 1038