NCERT Solutions for Class 8
Maths
Chapter 1 – Rational Numbers
Exercise 1.1
1. Using appropriate properties find:
2 3 5 3 1
i. - × + - ×
3 5 2 5 6
Ans: Given
2 3 5 3 1
- × + - ×
3 5 2 5 6
By using commutative property of rational numbers i.e a+b=b+a
2 3 3 1 5
=- × - × +
3 5 5 6 2
Now, by using distributive property of rational numbers i.e a×b+b×c=b× a+c
3 2 1 5
= - × + +
5 3 6 2
3 2×2+1 5
= - × +
5 6 2
3 5 5
= - × +
5 6 2
3 5
=- +
6 2
-3+5×3
=
6
-3+15
=
6
12
=
6
=2
2 3 1 3 1 2
ii. × - - × + ×
5 7 6 2 14 5
Ans: Given
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2 3 1 3 1 2
× - - × + ×
5 7 6 2 14 5
By using commutative property of rational numbers i.e a+b=b+a
2 3 1 2 1 3
= × - + × - ×
5 7 14 5 6 2
Now, by using distributive property of rational numbers i.e a×b+b×c=b× a+c
2 3 1 1
= × - + -
5 7 14 4
2 -3×2+1 1
= × -
5 14 4
2 -5 1
= × -
5 14 4
1 1
=- -
7 4
-4-7
=
28
-11
=
28
2. Write the additive inverse of each of the following:
2
i.
8
a -a
Ans: Since, additive inverse of =
b b
2 2
Therefore, additive inverse of is - .
8 8
5
ii. -
9
a a
Ans: Since, additive inverse of - =
b b
5 5
Therefore, additive inverse of - is .
9 9
-6
iii.
-5
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-a a
Ans: Since, additive inverse of =-
-b b
-6 6
Therefore, additive inverse of is - .
-5 5
2
iv.
-9
a a
Ans: Since, additive inverse of =
-b b
2 2
Therefore, additive inverse of is .
-9 9
19
v.
-6
a a
Ans: Since, additive inverse of =
-b b
19 19
Therefore, additive inverse of is .
-6 6
3. Verify that -(-x)=x for.
11
i. x=
15
11 11
Ans: The additive inverse of x= is -x=-
15 15
11 11
Now, + - =0
15 15
11 11 11 11
Thus , it represents that the additive inverse of - is i.e., - - = .
15 15 15 15
11
Hence, -(-x)=x holds for x= .
15
13
ii. x=-
17
13 13
Ans: The additive inverse of x = - is -x=
17 17
13 13
Now, - + =0
17 17
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13 13 13 13
Thus , it represents that the additive inverse of is - i.e., - - = .
17 17 17 17
13
Hence, -(-x)=x holds for x=- .
17
4. Find the multiplicative inverse of the following.
i. -13
1
Ans: Since, multiplicative inverse of -a=- .
a
1
Therefore, multiplicative inverse of -13 is - .
13
13
ii. -
19
a b
Ans: Since, multiplicative inverse of - =- .
b a
13 19
Therefore, multiplicative inverse of - is - .
19 13
1
iii.
5
a b
Ans: Since, multiplicative inverse of = .
b a
1
Therefore, multiplicative inverse of is 5 .
5
5 3
iv. - ×-
8 7
5 3 15
Ans: It can be written as - ×- = .
8 7 56
a b
Since, multiplicative inverse of . = ..
b a
5 3 56
Therefore, multiplicative inverse of - ×- is .
8 7 15
2
v. -1×-
5
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2 2
Ans: It can be written as -1×- = .
5 5
a b
Since, multiplicative inverse of = .
b a
2 5
Therefore, multiplicative inverse of -1×- is .
5 2
vi. -1
a b
Ans: Since, multiplicative inverse of - =- .
b a
Therefore, multiplicative inverse of -1 is -1 .
5. Name the property under multiplication used in each of the following:
-4 -4 -4
i. ×1=1× =
5 5 5
Ans: Since, after multiplying by 1 , we are getting the same number.
Therefore, 1 is the multiplicative identity.
13 -2 -2 -13
ii. - × = ×
17 7 7 17
Ans: Since, a×b=b×a .
Therefore, its Commutative property.
19 29
iii. - ×- =1
29 19
Ans: Since, a×-a=1 .
Therefore, the property is Multiplicative inverse.
6 7
6. Multiply by the reciprocal of -
13 16
7 16
Ans: Reciprocal of - is - .
16 7
6 16
Thus, ×-
13 7
96
=- .
91
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1 4 1 4
7. Tell what property allows you to compute × 6× as ×6 × .
3 3 3 3
Ans: Since, a× b×c = a×b ×c .
Therefore, its associative property.
8 1
8. Is the multiplicative inverse of -1 ? Why or why not?
9 8
Ans: We know, If it is the multiplicative inverse, then the product should be 1 .
Now,
8 1 8 9
× -1 = × -
9 8 9 8
=-1
Since, the product is not 1 .
8 1
Therefore, is not the multiplicative inverse of -1 .
9 8
1
9. Is 0.3 the multiplicative inverse of 3 ? Why or why not?
3
Ans: We know, If it is the multiplicative inverse, then the product should be 1 .
Now,
1 10
0.3×3 =0.3×
3 3
3 10
= ×
10 3
=1
Since, the product is 1 .
1
Therefore, 0.3 is the multiplicative inverse of 3 .
3
10. Write:
i. The rational number that does not have a reciprocal.
Ans: 0 is a rational number but its reciprocal is not defined.
ii. The rational numbers that are equal to their reciprocals.
Ans: 1 and -1 are the rational numbers that are equal to their reciprocals.
iii. The rational number that is equal to its negative.
Ans: 0 is the rational number that is equal to its negative.
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11. Fill in the blanks.
i. Zero has __________ reciprocal.
Ans: No
ii. The numbers __________ and __________ are their own reciprocals.
Ans: 1,-1
iii.The reciprocal of -5 is __________.
1
Ans: -
5
1
iv. Reciprocal of , where x 0 is __________.
x
Ans: x
v. The product of two rational numbers is always a __________.
Ans: Rational number
vi. The reciprocal of a positive rational number is __________.
Ans: Positive rational number
Exercise 1.2
1. Represent these numbers on the number line.
7
i.
4
7
Ans: can be represented on the number line as follows:
4
5
ii. -
6
5
Ans: - can be represented on the number line as follows:
6
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2 5 9
2. Represent -,- ,- on the number line.
11 11 11
2 5 9
Ans: - ,- ,- can be represented on the number line as follows:
11 11 11
3. Write five rational numbers which are smaller than 2 .
Ans: Since, we have to write five rational numbers which are less than 2 .
Therefore, we can multiply and divide 2 by 7 .
14
Now, 2 becomes .
7
Thus, five rational numbers which are smaller than 2 are given as -
13 12 11 10 9
, , , , .
7 7 7 7 7
-2 1
4. Find ten rational numbers between and .
5 2
-2 1
Ans: We can make denominator of and same.
5 2
-2 1
Therefore, multiplying and dividing by 4 and by 10 .
5 2
-2 -8 1 10
Thus, now becomes and becomes .
5 20 2 20
-2 1
Hence, ten rational numbers between and are-
5 2
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2
- ,- ,- ,- ,- ,- ,- ,0, , .
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
5. Find five rational numbers between-
2 4
i. and
3 5
2 4
Ans: We can make denominator of and same.
3 5
2 4
Therefore, multiplying and dividing by 15 and by 9 .
3 5
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2 30 4 36
Thus, now becomes and becomes .
3 45 5 45
2 4
Hence, ten rational numbers between and are-
3 5
31 32 33 34 35
, , , , .
45 45 45 45 45
-3 5
ii. and .
2 3
3 5
Ans: We can make denominator of - and same.
2 3
3 5
Therefore, multiplying and dividing - by 3 and by 2 .
2 3
3 9 5 10
Thus, now - becomes - and becomes .
2 6 3 6
3 5
Hence, ten rational numbers between - and are-
2 3
8 7 5 4
- ,- ,-1,- ,- .
6 6 6 6
1 1
iii. and
4 2
1 1
Ans: We can make denominator of and same.
4 2
1 1
Therefore, multiplying and dividing by 8 and by 16 .
4 2
1 8 1 16
Thus, now becomes and becomes .
4 32 2 32
1 1
Hence, ten rational numbers between and are-
4 2
9 10 11 12 13
, , , , .
32 32 32 32 32
6. Write five rational numbers greater than -2 .
Ans: Since, we have to write five rational numbers which are greater than -2 .
Therefore, we can multiply and divide -2 by 7 .
14
Now, -2 become - .
7
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Thus, five rational numbers greater than -2 are given as-
13 12 11 10 9
- ,- ,- ,- ,- .
7 7 7 7 7
3 3
7. Find ten rational numbers between and .
5 4
3 3
Ans: We can make denominator of and same.
5 4
3 3
Therefore, multiplying and dividing by 16 and by 20 .
5 4
3 48 3 60
Thus, now becomes and becomes .
5 80 4 80
3 3
Hence, ten rational numbers between and are-
5 4
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
, , , , , , , , , .
80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
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