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What Is NDVI

NDVI quantifies vegetation by measuring the difference between near-infrared light, which vegetation reflects strongly, and red light, which it absorbs. NDVI values range from -1 to 1, with higher values indicating denser green vegetation and values near 0 representing little to no vegetation or urban areas. NDVI is calculated using the normalized difference between measurements in the near-infrared and red bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. This standardized index allows analysts to measure and compare vegetation health over time using satellite imagery.

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177 views2 pages

What Is NDVI

NDVI quantifies vegetation by measuring the difference between near-infrared light, which vegetation reflects strongly, and red light, which it absorbs. NDVI values range from -1 to 1, with higher values indicating denser green vegetation and values near 0 representing little to no vegetation or urban areas. NDVI is calculated using the normalized difference between measurements in the near-infrared and red bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. This standardized index allows analysts to measure and compare vegetation health over time using satellite imagery.

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What is NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)?

NDVI is the most common index that analysts use in remote sensing. But how do you calculate it? What do NDVI
values represent? How do Earth scientists use NDVI?

• Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) quantifies vegetation by


measuring the difference between near-infrared (which vegetation strongly
reflects) and red light (which vegetation absorbs).
• NDVI always ranges from -1 to +1. But there isn’t a distinct boundary for each
type of land cover.
• For example, when you have negative values, it’s highly likely that it’s water. On
the other hand, if you have a NDVI value close to +1, there’s a high possibility
that it’s dense green leaves. But when NDVI is close to zero, there isn’t green
leaves and it could even be an urbanized area.

How do you calculate NDVI?

As shown below, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) uses the NIR (near-infrared)
and red channels in its formula.

Healthy vegetation (chlorophyll) reflects more near-infrared (NIR) and green light compared to
other wavelengths. But it absorbs more red and blue light. This is why our eyes see vegetation as
the color green. If you could see near-infrared, then it would be strong for vegetation too. Satellite
sensors like Landsat and Sentinel-2 both have the necessary bands with NIR and red.
The result of this formula generates a value between -1 and +1. If you have low reflectance
(or low values) in the red channel and high reflectance in the NIR channel, this will yield a
high NDVI value and vice versa. Overall, NDVI is a standardized way to measure healthy
vegetation. When you have high NDVI values, you have healthier vegetation. When you
have low NDVI, you have less or no vegetation. Generally, if you want to see vegetation
change over time, then you will have to perform atmospheric correction.

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