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Linux CO-4-programs

The document contains code snippets demonstrating various process-related system calls and functions in C like vfork(), wait(), execlp() etc. The code examples show how to create child processes, handle zombies, return values from child to parent, replace the current process image with another program etc.

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29 views5 pages

Linux CO-4-programs

The document contains code snippets demonstrating various process-related system calls and functions in C like vfork(), wait(), execlp() etc. The code examples show how to create child processes, handle zombies, return values from child to parent, replace the current process image with another program etc.

Uploaded by

Spacial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CO_3 programs

1) // reverse the file using lseek() systemcall


#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

int main() {

int fd1, fd2; //file descriptors


char c; //holds read char
int offset; //current offset

fd1 = open("foo.txt", O_RDONLY); //open file to read


if (fd1 < 0) {
printf("%s", "Open error");
}

fd2 = open("foorev.txt", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0670); //open file to write with


rwxrw----
if(fd2 < 0) {
printf("%s", "Open error");
}

offset = lseek(fd1, 0, SEEK_END); //go to the end of the file

while (offset > 0) { //while it is not the beginning of the file


read(fd1, &c, 1); //read a char
write(fd2, &c, 1); //write the char
lseek(fd1, -2, SEEK_CUR); //go back 2 spots to the char before the one just read
offset--; //track the current offset
}

close(fd1); //close the files


close(fd2);

return 0;

2) //Reverse the file using fseek()

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2;
char ch;
long chLen;
fp1 = fopen("foo.txt", "r");
fp2=fopen("foo1.txt","w");
// Sets cursor at end of file.
fseek(fp1, 0L, SEEK_END);
chLen = ftell(fp1); // Gets the length of file.
// Sets cursor at last character of file.
fseek(fp1, -1L, SEEK_CUR);
while (chLen > 0)
{
ch = fgetc(fp1);
fputc(ch,fp2);
chLen--;
// Move cursor 2 characters before cursor.
fseek(fp1, -2L, SEEK_CUR);
}
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
printf("file copied in reverse order\n");
return 0;

CO-4 programs

/* Vfork () */

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
int glob = 6; /* external variable in initialized data */
char buf[] = "a write to stdout\n";

int main(void)
{
int var; /* automatic variable on the stack */
int pid;
var = 88;
if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf)-1) != sizeof(buf)-1)
printf("write error");
printf("before fork\n"); /* we don't flush stdout */
if ((pid = vfork()) < 0) {
printf("fork error");
} else if (pid == 0) { /* child */
glob++; /* modify variables */
var++;
_exit(0);
}
else
{
}
printf("pid = %d, glob = %d, var = %d\n", getpid(), glob, var);
printf("userid=%d",getuid());
exit(0);
}

/* Orphan */

#include <stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
main()
{
int pid ;
printf(" PID %d and PPID %d.\n", getpid(),getppid()) ;
pid = fork() ;
if ( pid != 0 )
{
printf("PID %d and PPID %d.\n",getpid(), getppid()) ;
printf("My child's PID is %d\n", pid ) ;
}
else
{
sleep(10);
printf("PID %d and PPID %d.\n",getpid(), getppid()) ;
}
printf ("PID %d terminates.\n", getpid()) ;
}

/* orphan */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
int main()
{
int p;
p=fork();
if(p==0) {
printf("the child process pid is %d and parent pid is %d\n",getpid(),getppid());
sleep(10);
}
printf("The process pid is %d parent pid %d\n", getpid(), getppid());
sleep(40);
printf("\nProcess %d is done its Parent pid %d...\n", getpid(), getppid());

return 0;
}

/* Zombie Process */

#include <stdio.h>
main ( )
{
int pid ;
pid = fork(); /* Duplicate. Child and parent continue from here */
if ( pid != 0 ) /* pid is non-zero, so I must be the parent */
{
while (1) /* Never terminate and never execute a wait ( ) */
sleep (100) ; /* stop executing for 100 seconds */
}
else /* pid is zero, so I must be the child */
{
exit (42) ; /* exit with any number */
}
}
The output is:
i> ./a.out & //execute the program in the background
[1] 5186
i> ps //obtain process status
PID TT STAT TIME COMMAND
5187 p0 Z 0:00 <exiting> the zombie child process
5149 p0 S 0:01 -csh (csh) the shell
5186 p0 S 0:00 a.out the parent process
5188 p0 R 0:00 ps
> kill 5186 //kill the parent process
[1] Terminated a.out
> ps //notice that the zombie is gone now
PID TT STAT TIME COMMAND
5149 p0 S 0:01 -csh (csh)
5189 p0 R 0:00 ps

//usage of wait ()
// return sum of 2 numbers to the parent process

#include<stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main(void){

int pid;int a=20,b=30,c;


int status;
if(fork()){
/* wait for child, getting PID */
pid=wait(&status);
printf("I'm the parent.\n");
printf("pid=%d\n",pid);
if(WIFEXITED(status))
printf("sum=%d\n",WEXITSTATUS(status));
}
else
{
printf("I'm the child.\n");
c=a+b;
exit(c);
}
return 0;
}

// usage of execlp()

#include<stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void){

int child_pid;
int *status=NULL;
if(fork()){
/* wait for child, getting PID */
printf("I'm the parent.\n");
} else
{
execlp("ls","ls","-l",(char *)0);
}
return 0;
}

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