Escuela San Gabriel de Colegio de San Gabriel

Arcangel Foundation Arcangel of Caloocan, Inc.

Phase 10 Pkg 6 Blk 1 Lot 1-6 Bagong Silang Caloocan City

MODULE 3: NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

(Q3 Week 3-4)
I. INTRODUCTION
Every now and then, you take examination for different subjects. To
prepare for them, you need to devote time to read your notes or
answer exercises in your textbook to practice. You can also organize a
study group to help you review topics interactively with your
classmates, studying for these examinations gives you a chance to
earn a high score.
Examination results are data that can be studied at length using a
different kind or probability distribution known as the normal
distribution. (Probability, Statistics, and Applications by: Shirlee Remoto-Ocampo and
Regina Macarangal Tresvalles).

II. LEARNING COMPETENCY/IES

 illustrates a normal random variable and its characteristics.
 identifies regions under the normal curve corresponding to different
standard normal values.
 converts a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and
vice versa.
 computes probabilities and percentiles using the standard normal
table.

III.SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
 describe a normal random variable and its characteristics,
 identify the regions under the normal curve corresponding to
different standard normal values,
 demonstrate how to converts a normal random variable to a
standard normal variable and vice versa, and
 exemplify computing probabilities and percentiles using standard
normal table.

IV. LEARNING TOOLS

A. Teacher’s lecture in form of recorded video (Normal Distribution)
B. Uploaded PowerPoint presentation and handouts in google drive
accessible to the students.
C. Other sources:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=zegZ7OvSzV0&list=PLIQh59u-CUouvxxD6IoLv--
P2CQzoGpXK&index=3&t=0s
 https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability
 Statistics and Probability by: Rene R. Belecina, Elisa S. Baccay,
and Efren B. Mateo (pp.50-100)
  Probability, Statistics and Applications by: Shirlee Remoto-
Ocampo and Regina Macarangal Tresvalles

V. PRE-TEST

A. Determine whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE by checking (√) the

appropriate box. If false, modify the statement to make it true.

B. Answer the following:

1. Based on the records of the Admissions Office of a reputable university in

Caloocan City, the mean score of all College Entrance Exam takers is 135
with a standard deviation of 23. Assume that the variable is normally
distributed, what is the z-score of an exam taker whose raw score is:

a. 112 b. 120 c. 135 d. 140 e. 150

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

The teacher will conduct a recorded live streaming session and can be
downloaded later. The video content is shown below.

LESSON I
UNDERSTANDING THE NORMAL CURVE DISTRIBUTION
Properties of the Normal Probability Distribution
1. The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
2. The curve is symmetrical about its center.
3. The mean, the median, and the mode coincide at the center.
4. The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the
distribution.
5. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the horizontal axis, always
approaching the axis but never touching it. That is, the curve is asymptotic to
the base line.
6. The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it represents the probability or proportion
or the percentage associated with specific sets of measurement values.

The Area Under the Normal Curve

The Table of Areas under the Normal Curve is also known as the z-Table.
The z- score is a measure of relative standing. It is calculated by subtracting
X– (or μ) from the measurement X and then dividing the result by s (or σ).
The final result, the z-score, represents the distance between a given
measurement X and the mean, expressed in standard deviations.
Four-Step Process in Finding the Areas Under the Normal Curve Given a z-
Value
Step 1.  Express the given z-value into a three-digit form.
Step 2.  Using the z-Table, find the first two digits on the left column.
Step 3.  Match the third digit with the appropriate column on the right.
Step 4.  Read the area (or probability) at the intersection of the row and the
column. This is the required area.

Example 1. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.

Red mark

Yellow mark

Example 2. Find the area that corresponds to z = –2.58.

Steps:
1. Find the Row z=2.5.
2. Find the Column with the heading 0.08.
3. Read the area at the intersection of Row 2.5 and Column 0.08.

Therefore, the area that corresponds to z= -2.58 is 0.4951

EXERCISE A.
Find the corresponding area between z = 0 and each of the following:
 1) z=0.96 2) z=1.74 3) z=2.18 4) z=2.69 5) z=3.00

EXERCISE B.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or phrase to make meaningful
statements.
1) The curve of a probability distribution is formed by __________.
2) The area under a normal curve is __________.
3) The important values that best describe a normal curve are
__________.
4) There are __________ standard deviation units at the baseline of a
normal curve.
5) The curve of a normal distribution extends indefinitely at the tails but
dos not __________.
6) The area under a normal curve may also be expressed in terms of
__________.
7) The mean, the median, and the mode of a normal curve are
__________.
8) A normal curve is used in __________.
9) About __________ % of a score distribution is between z=0 and z=1.
10) The skewness of a normal curve is 0 because it is a __________
shape.

LESSON II
UNDERSTANDING THE Z-SCORES
VII. PRE-TEST
A. Determine whether the statement is TRUE of FALSE by checking (√) the
appropriate box. If false, modify the statement to make it true.

B. Draw the sketch of a normal curve.

 VIII. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

LESSON 2.1
STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
A normal distribution can be converted into a standard normal distribution
by obtaining the z value. A z-value is the signed distance between a selected
value, designated X, and the mean, µ, divided by the standard deviation. It is also
called as z scores, the z statistics, the standard normal deviates, or the standard
normal values. In terms of formula:

Where:
z = z-value
X = the value of any particular observation or measurement
µ = the mean of the distribution (population mean)
σ = standard deviation of the distribution (population standard deviation)
x̅ = sample mean

For any population, the mean and the standard

Take Note of This: deviation are fixed. Thus, the z formula matches the z-
values one-to-one with the X values (raw scores). That
is, for every X value there corresponds a z-value and for each z-value there is

exactly one X value. The z values are matched with specific areas under the
normal curve in a normal distribution table. Therefore, to find the percentage
associated with X, we must find its matched z-value using the z-formula. The z-
value leads to the area under the curve found in the normal curve table, which is
a probability, and that probability gives the desired percentage for X.

Example
1. Given the mean, μ = 50 and the standard deviation, σ = 4 of a population of Reading
scores. Find the z-value that corresponds to a score X = 58.
 This conversion from raw score to z-score is shown graphically.

From the diagram, we see that a score X = 58 corresponds to z = 2. It is above

the mean. So, we can say that, with respect to the mean, the score of 58 is above
average.

Importance of the z-scores. Raw scores may be

Take Note of This: composed of large values, but large values cannot be
accommodated at the base line of the normal curve.
So, they have to be transformed into scores for convenience without sacrificing
meanings associated with the raw scores.

LESSON 2.2
Identifying Regions of Areas Under the Normal Curve
IX. WARM-UP ACTIVITY

X. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Identifying Regions Under the Normal Curve
z-table provides the proportion of the area (or
Take Note of This: probability or percentage) between any two specific
values under the curve, regions under the curve can
be described in terms of area.
 For example, the area of the region between z = 0 and z = 1 is given in the
z-table to be .3413.

To find the area of the region between z = 1 and z = 2, we subtract .3413

from .4772 resulting in .1359. It is graphically shown below.

The regions under the normal curve in terms of percent, the graph of the
distribution would look like this:

Using the z-Table in Determining Areas Under the Normal Curve

when z is given
Step 1. Write the given z-value into a three-digit form.
Step 2. Find the first two digits in row.
Step 3. Locate the third digit in Column
Step 4. Take the area value at the intersection of Row and Column.
Example
1. Locate the z-value that corresponds to a PE score of 39 given that μ = 45 and
σ = 6.

With respect to the mean, the score 39 is below the population mean. We
can also say that the score 39 is below average.

EXERCISES A.
1. State whether the z-score located the raw score X within a sample or within a
population.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

2. Convert the given values of x to z-scores, or vice versa.

X z µ σ
1) 96 ? 100 12
2) 120 ? 90 15
3) ? 24 250 40
4) ? -1.6 8.5 0.5
5) ? 20 110 12

3. From Exercise 2.1.A state whether each raw score lies below or above the
mean.
1. __________
2. __________
3. __________
4. __________
5. __________
EXERCISE B.
1.

EXERCISE C.
1. Find the area that corresponds to each of the following z-values.
1. z = 1.96 2. z = 0.3 3. z=.562 4. z=1.323 5. z = –1.054

LESSON III
DETERMINING PROBABILITIES
XI. WARM-UP ACTIVITY

 Standard normal distribution is a normal

Take Note of This:
distribution with μ = 0 and σ = 1. A random
variable with a standard normal
distribution, denoted by X, is called a standard normal random
variable.
 Probabilities associated with the standard normal random variables
can be shown as areas under the standard normal curve.

XII. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Probability Notations Under the Normal Curve
 The following notations for a random variable are used in our various
solutions concerning the normal curve.
• P(a < z < b) denotes the probability that the z-score is between a and b.
• P(z > a) denotes the probability that the z-score is greater than a.
• P(z < a) denotes the probability that the z-score is less than a.
where a and b are z-score values.
Example
1. Find the proportion of the area above z = –1.

2. Find the area to the left of z = –1.5.

3. Find the area between z = –2 and z = –1.5.

EXERCISE A.
1. Find the area between z = –1.32 and z = 2.37. Complete the table below.

EXERCISE B.
1. Determine each of the following areas and show these graphically. Use probability
notation in your final answer.
1. above z = 1.46

2. below z=–0.58
 3. between z = –0.78 and z = –1.95
4. between z = 0.76 and z = 2.88
5. between z = –0.92 and z = 1.75

LESSON IV
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE

XIII. WARM-UP ACTIVITY

XIV. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Which of the following expressions are familiar to you?
‘First honor’
‘Top five’
‘a score of 98%’
These are expressions of order. They indicate relative standing. In real
life, many people want to belong to a high level in terms of relative standing.
Percentile
 For any set of measurements (arranged in ascending or descending
order), a percentile (or a centile) is a point in the distribution such that a
given number of cases is below it.
 A percentile is a measure of relative standing. It is a descriptive measure
of the relationship of a measurement to the rest of the data.

Percentile and z-scores

 A probability value corresponds to an area under the normal curve.
 In the Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve, the numbers in the
extreme left and across the top are z-scores, which are the distances
along the horizontal scale. The numbers in the body of the table are areas
or probabilities.
 The z-scores to the left of the mean are negative values.
Example 1. Find the 95th percentile of a normal curve.
Analysis
P95 means locating an area before (or below) the point. We want to know
what the z-value is at this point.
2. Find the upper 10% of the normal curve.

EXERCISE A.
1. Find each of the following percentile points under the normal curve.
a) P99

b) P90

c) P68

d) P40

e) P32

XV. POST TEST

I. Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following best describes a normal distribution?
a. The scores are skewed to the right.
b. The mean, the median, and the mode are equal.
c. The scores are skewed to left.
d. The scores are concentrated more at one end or the other end.
2. About how many percent of the distribution lies between 2 units standard
deviations from the mean?
a. 68%
b. 95%
c. 99.7%
d. 100%
3. Which of the following is NOT true about normal distribution?
a. The mean, median, and mode are equal.
b. The mean is zero and the standard deviation in one.
c. It is symmetrical about the mean value.
d. The standard deviation does not affect the height of the normal curve.
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of a normal distribution?
 a. The mean, medial and mode are not necessarily equal.
b. The mean is not the center of the distribution.
c. It is symmetrical about the mean value.
d. The standard deviation does not affect the shape of the normal curve.
5. The standard deviation of a standard normal distribution is _____.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
6. The mean value of the standard normal distribution is _____.
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
7. 68% of the scores under the normal curve lies between how many
standard deviations from the mean + and -?
a. 1 Sd b. 2 Sd c. 3 Sd d. 4 Sd
8. 95% of the scores under the normal curve lies between how many
standard deviations from the mean + and -?
a. 1 Sd b. 2 Sd c. 3 Sd d. 4 Sd
9. 99.7% of the scores under the normal curve lies between how many
standard deviations from the mean + and -?
a. 1 Sd b. 2 Sd c. 3 Sd d. 4 Sd
10. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the group?
a. Height of grade 11 students
b. Weight of grade 12 students
c. IQ of grade 11 STEM students
d. Number of oranges in a basket

II. The random variable X is best described by a normal distribution with µ=30
and σ=6. Find the z-score that corresponds to the following X values.
1. X = 21
2. X = 26.5
3. X= 35
4. X = 42
5. X = 60

III. Given µ = 30, σ = 4.5. What is the raw score when?

1. z = 1.25
2. z = 1.67
3. z = 2.3
4. z = -0.30
5. z = 1.96

IV. Find the area under the standard normal curve that lies to the left. Of:
1. z = -2.48
2. z = 3.00
3. z = -2.42
4. z = 0.99
5. z = -1.19
6. z = 3.01
7. z = 2.22
8. z = 2.87
9. z = -2.90
10. z = 0.01

V. Find the area under the standard normal distribution curve.

1. between z=0 and z = -1.15
2. to the right of z = 2.15
 3. to the left of z = -1.85
4. between z = 0.75 and z = 1.85
5. greater than z = 1.5

VI. Find each of the following percentile points under the normal curve.
1. P95

2. P15

3. P65

4. P35

5. P37

VII. Do the indicated task.

1. Explain why the proportion of the area to the left of z = –2.58
is .49%.
2. Explain why the total area of the region between z = –3 and z = 3
is 9974 or 99.74%.

VIII. A standard normal score is selected at random. What is the probability

that it falls between 1.15 and 2.49?