Urban Development and Housing Department

Government of Bihar

City Development Plan (2010-30)

BEGUSARAI

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CDP Prepared By:

and

Support Programme for Urban Reforms in Bihar

(A Government of Bihar Initiative)
Supported by DFID, United Kingdom
City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Overview
Begusarai is the administrative headquarter of Begusarai district and has a total population of
93,741 as per Census 2001. It is located in the north central part of Bihar. The River Ganga forms its
southern boundary. Begusarai was designated as a Municipal Corporation in 2010.

NH 28

NH 31

NH 31

NH 80
River Ganga
Location of Begusarai District

From 1973 to 2010, Begusarai was a Municipal Council. The revised Corporation area includes ten
Gram Panchayats and the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC)'s township. The total area of the Begusarai
Municipal Council (BMC) is 8.98 sq. km and the population of 93,741 accounts for 87% of the total
urban population of the district and 4% of the total population of the state. As per Census 2001,
Begusarai town had 20 wards. Subsequently, the ward boundaries were redrawn and their number
increased to 36. Following its notification as a Municipal Corporation, ward boundaries were
redrawn and today the town has 45 wards. The CDP focuses on 36 wards.

The competitive advantage of Begusarai lies is

in its good connectivity. The town is situated on
NH-31 and has good connectivity with the state
capital Patna. This road acts as a gateway to the
north-eastern states and is a key factor for
improvements in trade and other activities.
The town has a well established industrial base
with major units such as thermal power station
and petro-chemicals factory & oil refinery
complex at Barauni as well as ancillary units that
contribute to employment in the town. The town
therefore has a high growth potential.

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

CITY VISION
The vision for Begusarai was derived on the basis of the status assessment of the city,
stakeholder consultations and focused group discussions. Participatory consultations during
the visioning process concluded that there has been stagnation in the quality of life in the
town over the years. The consensus was on the need to revive growth and improve the
overall quality of life. The identified Vision is as follows: “To enhance the economic
prosperity of all citizens of Begusarai by capitalizing on its existing industrial base with
concerted improvements in governance and services.” The identified vision forms the basis
of sector-specific strategies adopted in framing the action plan. The CDP focuses the
following sectors - water supply; sewerage & sanitation; storm water drainage; solid waste
management; roads, traffic & transportation; street lighting; urban poverty & housing; urban
heritage & tourism; and urban environment & social amenities.

Demography
Begusarai’s growth has been largely an
outcome of the establishment of various
industrial units. The town’s connectivity to the
neighboring towns and villages also
contributed to its development into a regional
centre for trade and commerce. The
population of Begusarai increased from 27,346
in 1961 to 93,741 in 2001. There is a
fluctuation in the growth rate which may be
due to the migration from surrounding villages
linked to economic growth in the town.
Begusarai experienced the highest decadal growth rate of population in the period 1971-81 at
58.48%. There was a significant decline in population growth in the next decade 1981-1991 to
26.12%. This decline in the growth rate could be on account of closure of some economic activities in
the region. Based on population figures from Census 1961 to 2001, a population projection has been
done using three different methods namely Geometric Increase Method, Incremental Increase
Method and Arithmetic Increase Method. Projection through Geometric Method was on a higher
side whereas projections through Incremental Increase Method and Arithmetic Increase Method
were considered to be low. Therefore, average of all three projections has been considered as
current population, which virtually matches with the preliminary data of the Census 2011.
Therefore, for the planning horizon the same process is being used to project the population. The
estimated projection shows that the population of Begusarai increase to 2.5 lakhs (approx.) by year
2035.

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Sector Assessments & Growth Strategies

A) Water Supply
The Begusarai Municipal Corporation (BMC) and the Public Health Engineering Department (PHED)
are statutory authorities in charge of supply and maintenance of water supply in the municipal area.
Both agencies are jointly responsible for supply of potable water including planning, design,
construction, implementation, maintenance, operation and management of water supply. Ground
water is the main source of water in Begusarai. Ground water is extracted through high yielding
tube-wells. The water supply system is decentralised and based on overhead tanks (OHTs). At
present, the supply is around 2.73 MLD of water that works out to a per capita supply of about 26
lpcd as per 2001 population, and about 23 lpcd as per 2010 projected population considering 10%
distribution loss. Chlorination is being done at some OHTs. As per the records, there are around
1,000 house services connections in the town and no commercial connections. All the connections
are unmetered. There are 150 Public Stand Posts (PSPs) with very few in the slum areas. The town
has no tanker services. Specific details of service levels in slum areas are not available. There is no
system of periodic testing of water quality. The demand-supply gap assessment highlights short term
needs essentially in moderate augmentation of treatment components and distribution service
levels to ensure equitable supply of water. Presently, the per capita water supply is far lower than
the standard of 135 lpcd. There are no separate water charges levied but a tax is collected as part of
the Holding Tax.
Vision: To assure adequate and equitable water supply daily and for reasonable length of time.
Strategies: Keeping the above-mentioned vision and based on the assessment of the existing and
future demand, the detailed project requirements for augmentation of water supply system with the
refurbishment of the existing system has been proposed. The CDP suggests the need to conduct
detailed consumer level survey, source augmentation to meet the future requirements of 39 Million
Liters per Day (MLD), reducing Non-Revenue Water (NRW) to 20 percent, chlorination units,
construction of new storage reservoirs for enhancing system storage capacity, expanding and
strengthening distribution network and replacing old pipelines, protection of water bodies, rain
water harvesting including regulatory measures for ground water use and ensuring institutional
accountability. The CDP also suggests exploring the possibility of a regional water supply scheme.

Projects Unit Phase I (2011-16) Phase II (2016-21) Phase III (2021-30)

Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Rising mains KM 1.7 0.94 4.8 5.60 8.4 21.99
Distribution Network KM 9.8 2.44 27.4 14.54 44.7 57.05
Chlorination Unit MLD 10.0 2.40 30.0 14.58 - -
Strengthening of Km 26.6 1.76 - - - -
Existing Network
Metering and Control No. 5,215 0.62 17,888 3.09 21,955 5.86
Mechanism
Storage Capacity ML 6.0 9.98 5.0 19.52 - -
Augmentation
Source Augmentation 2.76 - -

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Planning Studies 0.75 0.08 0.08

Sub Total 21.65 57.41 84.98
Grand Total Rs. 164.04 crores

B) Sewerage and Sanitation

Begusarai has no organised sewerage system. The absence of a systematic wastewater disposal
system has led to waste water and sullage into the rivers/storm water drains that are mostly open.
Septic tanks are the major form of sanitation for the domestic sewage discharging sullage into open
drains. The situation becomes more critical in the rainy season. The wastewater continues to remain
stagnated for a considerable period in the low lying areas of the town. It is evident that the present
network coverage is inadequate and poses a potential threat to overall health and hygiene. In the
short and medium term, a Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) and the sewage collection system need
to be developed. The long term assessment reveals a huge gap and the scale of improvement that
will be required to ensure proper sewage collection and disposal system in Begusarai. Infiltration of
rainwater into the sewerage lines in most of the areas and absence of segregated sewerage and
storm water drains cause problems, especially during the monsoons.
Vision: To provide citywide coverage of sewerage and sanitation system to make it environmentally
safe.
Strategies: Keeping the above-mentioned vision in consideration and based on the assessment of
the existing and future demand, the detailed project requirements for augmentation of sewerage
and sanitation system have been proposed. The CDP recommends the need for a City Sanitation
Plan, the design and construction of a comprehensive sewerage system including setting up of
decentralised STPs and development of primary and secondary or primary, secondary and tertiary
sewage lines at reasonable distances. Recycled water can be used locally for public gardens and
green areas, irrigation, industrial application, etc. The CDP articulates achieving 100 percent
sanitation and making the city open defecation free. For successful implementation of any change
management process, an effective communication strategy among key stakeholders is important
hence CDP also emphasizes on public awareness.

Projects Unit Phase I (2011-16) Phase II (2016-21) Phase III (2021-30)

Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Primary and Secondary 10.8 1.52 27.7 8.10 36.1 23.21
Network KM
Sewerage Treatment - - 35.0 49.39 - -
Plant MLD
Toilet Blocks Nos 23 1.09 10 1.13 15 4.17
Planning Studies 0.14 0.08 0.08
Sub Total 2.75 58.70 27.46
Grand Total Rs. 88.91 crores

C) Storm Water Drainage

The ULB does not have readily available records on the length of the drains therefore there is need
for a survey. As per discussion with the municipal functionaries, the drain coverage is very low and
most of the areas suffer from water logging during rainy season. These become mosquito breeding
grounds spreading disease.

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Vision: To establish an effective rain water collection system thereby reducing mixing of rain and
sullage water and reducing the incidence of water logging during monsoons.
Strategies: Keeping the above-mentioned vision in mind and based on the assessment of the existing
and future demand, the detailed project requirements for augmentation of storm water drainage
system have been proposed. The CDP suggests for comprehensive survey of existing infrastructure,
up-gradation and renovation of existing drains, construction of new drains, enhanced coordination
between other agencies implementing similar projects and effective public awareness to avoid the
practice of dumping garbage in the drains.

Projects Unit Phase I (2011-16) Phase II (2016-21) Phase III (2021-30)

Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Storm Water Collection KM 2.5 0.35 1.9 0.61 4.5 4.10
Network
De-silting of Nala KM 25.0 1.13 - - - -
Planning Studies 0.06 0.08 0.08
Sub Total 1.54 0.69 4.18
Grand Total Rs. 6.41 crores

D) Solid Waste Management

It is estimated that Begusarai generates about 35 tonnes of waste a day at the rate of 300 grams per
capita per day. Currently there is no door to door collection of waste in the town and waste is
thrown on the streets and in all available open spaces. The predominant mode of primary collection
is by way of street sweeping. The number of street sweepers was found to be inadequate.
Transportation is not scientifically designed. The entire quantum of waste generated and collected is
not transported for disposal due to inadequacy of fleet of vehicles and inappropriate management
of transportation of waste. The collection efficiency of solid waste is 68%. There is no scientific
disposal of solid waste in Begusarai. Most of the waste collected from the open dumping sites is
dumped in a crude manner at different locations at the fringes of the city depending on the
proximity from the point of collection.
Vision: To establish and maintain an effective and sustainable waste management practice in the
city.
Strategies: Keeping the above-mentioned vision in mind and based on the assessment of the existing
and future demand, the detailed project requirements for solid waste management system have
been proposed. The CDP suggests for 100% door to door collection and source segregation, which
can be outsourced to groups like resident welfare associations, rag pickers cooperatives, etc. A
scientific treatment and disposal facility according to the solid waste management rules is also
recommended. Other strategies are on employment of conservancy staff, capacity building and
training programmes to the staff and governance aspects to identify suitable and potential private
partner.

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Projects Unit Phase I (2011-16) Phase II (2016-21) Phase III (2021-30)

Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Treatment & Disposal TPD 80.0 3.40 - - 30.0 7.12
Site
Container Bins required No. 25 0.25 10 0.29 10 0.61
New Vehicles No. 6 0.99 7 2.89 10 9.07
Awareness Campaigns No. 0.08 0.10 0.10
Sub Total 4.72 3.28 16.90
Grand Total Rs. 24.90 Lakhs

E) Roads, Traffic, and Transportation

The existing road network of the city is around 70 km with per capita road length of 0.58 km per
1,000 population. Around 75% of the road length is fully paved. The average traffic volume in the
town shows high volumes on NH 31 that passes through the town. The road network in Begusarai is
insufficient, and not adequately maintained. Limited availability of parking spaces leads to on-street
parking affecting the travel speed of vehicles. There is not public transport system forcing citizens to
depend on private vehicles that adds to rising traffic loads.
Vision: To improve the condition of the roads and provide adequate, safe and user friendly public
transportation in Begusarai.
Strategies: Keeping the above-mentioned vision in mind and based on the assessment of the existing
and future demand, the detailed project requirements for roads, traffic and transportation have
been proposed. The CDP recommends upgrading the existing road network, creation of parking lots
at all major points of vehicle congregation and junction improvement, development of economic
and efficient public transport system, regulating the movement of cattle, street lighting, and
reservation of space on either sides of the road for tree plantation.
Projects Unit Phase I (2011-16) Phase II (2016-21) Phase III (2021-30)
Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Road Network KM 27.8 22.20 12.0 27.66 34.9 174.21
Footpaths to be KM 8.9 1.03 5.3 1.64 15.5 10.32
constructed
Flyovers Nos - - 1 4.25 - -
Parking Nos 5 0.13 - - - -
Bus Stand 0.70 - -
Redevelopment
Junction Improvement nos 8 0.03 2 0.01 - -
Rickshaw Stands nos 12 0.21 8 0.21 - -
Tempo Stands nos 8 0.14 - - - -
Planning Studies 0.25 - -
Sub Total 24.69 33.77 184.53
Grand Total Rs. 242.99 crores

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

F) Street Lighting and Fire Fighting

The street lighting and fire fighting systems in Begusarai are inadequate and sub standard. Most of
streetlights are non-functional. Recently, some streetlights have been installed with MLA Funds
however, their maintenance remains a concern.

G) Housing and Urban Poverty

The survey, recently undertaken under the ongoing SPUR programme in 2008 has identified 36 slum
areas in the municipal area. The estimated population is these slum areas is around 23,615, which is
around 20% of the projected population for the year 2010.
Service levels in slum areas are very poor. Most of the slum population depends on hand pumps and
not even one slum has piped water supply. Slums lack sanitation facilities leading to high incidence
of open defecation – as much as 72%. Most of the slums do not have any drains and improper solid
waste management. The indiscriminate dumping leads to choking of drains with the situation
worsening in the monsoons.
Vision: Service provision and universal access to all basic urban services at an affordable cost.
Strategies: Keeping the above-mentioned vision in mind and based on the assessment of the existing
and future demand, the CDP suggests interventions for this sector. The suggestions include
developing a comprehensive slum upgradation strategy; developing a policy on land tenure;
increasing access to institutional funds and establishment of support mechanisms for enterprise
development. The CDP also suggests strengthening community based institutions like NGOs, CBOs,
and SHGs etc for effective participation in design and implementation of interventions.

Unit Phase I (2011-16) Phase II (2016-21) Phase III (2021-30)

Projects Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs.
Crore) Crore) Crore)
Low Cost Housing Nos. 288 4.57 32 0.72 - -
Planning Studies 0.10 - -
Sub Total 4.67 0.72 -
Grand Total Rs. 5.39 crores

H) Social Infrastructure
Begusarai is an important center in the district for educational facilities with a range of primary,
secondary, higher secondary schools and colleges being located in the town. It has been observed
that there is scope for improvement of all existing facilities in the city to enhance the learning
environment.
There are several health facilities in Begusarai including government hospitals, private hospitals,
clinics and dispensaries, homeopathic and ayurvedic clinics, etc.
There are six cinema halls in Begusarai, one stadium and one public library. There are no public parks
or open spaces in the core area of the town.
Strategies: The CDP suggests the need for improving education facilities, provision of more
marketing facilities, dharamshalas and creation of cultural and recreational facilities like community

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

center, sports complex, etc. The CDP also suggests public health awareness campaigns that will have
an impact on the overall environment of the town.

Projects Unit Phase I (2011-16) Phase II (2016-21) Phase III (2021-30)

Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs. Quantity Cost (Rs.
Crores) Crores) Crores)
Street Lights Nos 98 0.10 18 0.05 53 0.32
Fire Stations Nos - - - - - -
Fire Engines Nos - - 1 0.30 1 0.81
Improvement of tourism Nos 3 0.43 2 0.65 2 1.23
spots
Improvement of tourism Nos 2 0.15 8 0.97 - -
infrastructure
Parks Nos 1 0.14 2 0.50 - -
Preservation of water Nos - - 5 1.14 - -
bodies
Education Nos - 0.10 0.15 0.15
Health Nos - 0.10 0.15 0.20
Institutional Nos - 0.50 0.80 0.75
Development
Grievance redressal Nos - 0.10 - -
cell
Community Room 0.30 0.24 0.30
Hawkers market 0.40 0.60 0.60
Recreational Club - 0.20 -
Night Shelters 0.30 0.36 0.45
Planning Studies - 0.25 0.20 0.20
Sub Total 2.87 6.31 5.01
Grand Total Rs. 14.19 crores

I) Environment
The town has for long given inadequate attention to the environment. The water bodies and used
for dumping. The environmental challenges faced by the town are further impacted by inadequate
infrastructure and services. While there are no specific instances of pollution monitoring or targeted
environmental interventions, there is a district level unit of the State Pollution Control Board in the
town.
Strategies: The CDP includes suggestions that include policy-level planning, reforms and institutional
strengthening. The CDP recommends preservation and protection of water bodies and subsequently
developing them as recreational areas; making rainwater harvesting mandatory for building
permissions; setting up of STP; treatment of industrial effluents and handling of various industrial
wastes etc. The CDP also suggests sustained public awareness for environmental improvements.

J) Urban Heritage and Tourism

Begusarai town has no specific tourism sites but could support the activity based around sites in the
district. It is in this context that the CDP has made some suggestions.

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Financial Position of the Local Body

The revenue account of BMC has not shown a surplus throughout the assessment period.

Particulars 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Revenue Account
Revenue Income 59,55,476 1,03,84,952 1,22,27,805 1,25,62,269
Revenue
59,82,426 65,23,815 1,28,50,778 1,38,96,242
Expenditure
Surplus / Deficit (-) -26,950 38,61,137 -6,22,973 -13,33,973
Capital Account
Capital Income 83,94,509 2,12,07,482 1,46,44,395 15,04,96,107
Capital Expenditure 57,93,012 1,99,79,519 92,04,068 2,30,69,891
Surplus / Deficit (-) 26,01,497 12,27,963 54,40,327 12,74,26,216
Overall
Total Income 1,43,49,985 3,15,92,434 2,68,72,200 16,30,58,376
Total Expenditure 1,17,75,438 2,65,03,334 2,20,54,846 3,69,66,133
Surplus / Deficit (-) 25,74,547 50,89,100 48,17,354 12,60,92,243
(All figures in Rs. Lakh)

No trends could be ascertained for surplus or deficit. The revenue income has increased to Rs.
125.62 lakhs in the financial year (FY) 2008-09 from Rs. 59.55 lakhs in FY 2005-06 mainly due to the
concentrated efforts to increase tax collections. A similar pattern is observed in the expenditure that
has been heavily dependent on grants received for various purposes.
Strategies: The CDP recommends transition from single entry cash based accounting system to
double entry accrual based accounting system and computerization of all municipal operations.
Preparation of a financial management manual for the municipality and financial management tools
like cash management, inventory management, receivable management, and expenditure
management for smooth operation are also recommended in the CDP. Other suggestions include
training need assessment to identify the gap and capacity building for the municipal staff.

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Capital Investment Plan (CIP)

The total funding over the life of the CDP period, i.e. up to year 2030, is estimated at Rs. 546.83
crores. Sector-wise details of the investments are worked out for the entire period; the following
section represents the investments over the three phases i.e. Short Term, Mid Term and End Term,
as illustrated in the table below. The scheduling or phasing of the CIP is based on the analysis of
fiscal resources for new investments and O&M, technical capacity for construction and the choice of
specific improvements to be taken up over a period of 5 years (2011-2012 to 2015-16). About 30% of
the capital investment estimate is envisaged for water supply; 16.3% for sewerage and sanitation
and 44.4% for road, traffic and transportation. The remaining sectors account for about 9.3% of the
total capital requirement.

Capital Investment for Begusarai (All Phase I Phase II Phase III TOTAL
Investments in INR Crores) (2011-16) (2016-21) (2021-30)
Investment Investment Investment
Water Supply 21.65 57.41 84.98 164.04
Sewerage & Sanitation 2.75 58.70 27.46 88.91
Storm Water Drainage 1.54 0.69 4.18 6.41
Solid Waste Management 4.72 3.28 16.90 24.90
Roads Traffic & Transportation 24.69 33.77 184.53 184.53
Social Infrastructure 2.87 6.31 5.01 14.19
Urban Poverty 4.67 0.72 - 5.39
Grand Total 62.89 160.88 323.06 546.83

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Financial Operating Plan (FOP)

The investment capacity of BMC is assessed through a Financial Operating Plan (FOP) that gives a
multi-year forecast of finances of the local body for the short term period. The FOP is generated to
assess the investment-sustaining capacity of the ULB, if it adopts a project funding structure
comprising grants with internal resources and loans accounting for the rest. The level of investment
that the ULB can sustain is then determined by studying the overall surpluses/year-to-year opening
balance and debt service coverage ratio (DSCR).
An important aspect that needs to be considered in raising financial resources is beneficiary
contribution. This practice has to be promoted and the concept of PPP also needs to be introduced
to make the services sustainable. Thus a total investment of Rs. 6,411 lakhs in short-term (2011-12 –
2015-16) can be pooled by implementing PPP – this further decreases the financial burden of the
ULB in the next five years.

Source Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3

Grants 825 4,214 4,214
13th Finance Commission 100 100
State Government 1,747 1,747
Central Government 1,660 1,660
RAY 825 460 460
CBULB 50 50
Viability Gap Funding (VGF) 106 106
Others 92 92
Private / PPP - - 295
Total 825 4,214 4,510
Beneficiary Contribution - - 146
Open Market/FIs/Other Sources 7,750 3,225 -
All figures are in lakh rupees

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City Development Plan for Begusarai: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Overall Assessment
Based on the existing status in the town and overall assessment across various indicators was done.
The assessment shows that presently most indicators for the town are ‘average’ and ‘below average’
indicating the need for improvement of overall services.

S no Indicator Coding
1 Status of Infrastructure and Service Delivery Levels
a. Coverage of Water Supply
b. Per Capita Availability of Water
c. Continuity of Water Supply
d. Coverage of Individual Toilets
e. Door to Door Collection
f. Collection Efficiency of Solid Waste
2 Financial Management
a. Operating Ratio
b. Growth in Revenue Income
3 Poverty Level
Population Below Poverty Line (BPL)
4 Organization Structure
Staffing pattern, availability of sufficient staff, competency level of existing
staff for implementing proposed projects
5 Leadership
Leadership quality, awareness and understanding regarding urban sector,
proactive approach for implementing reform measures
6 Economic Development Potential
Potential for Development, linkages to the state capital and other cities,
status of existing infrastructure
7 Environment Sustainability
Status of Environment, quality of water, air,
8 Participation
Level of Participation from Citizen/Citizen Forums/Welfare Association in
municipal affairs
9 Compliance with Reforms
Status of reform implementation and preparedness for implementation

Legend

Alarming Average Below Average Good

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Base Map Begusarai Municipal Corporation

1
Connectivity: Begusarai Town

Source: Maps of India

2
Begusarai Municipal Corporation Boundary with Nagar Parishad Area highlighted

3
Land Use 2011

4
Ward Wise Population Density: 2011

5
Location Map of Slums

Source: SPUR Survey: December 2010

6
7