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    GENBIO2 - Lesson - The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

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    Jazmaine Simbulan
    The central dogma of molecular biology describes how genes are used as templates to produce proteins. It has three main parts: DNA replication, DNA transcription, and RNA translation. DNA replication relies on the complementarity of DNA strands and involves the separation of the two strands to serve as templates for the synthesis of new strands. Key enzymes involved in DNA replication include helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, exonuclease, and DNA ligase. DNA polymerase creates new DNA strands by assembling nucleotides, while other enzymes help separate, prime, proofread, and join the strands.

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    GENBIO2 - Lesson - The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

    Uploaded by

    Jazmaine Simbulan
    125 views2 pages
    The central dogma of molecular biology describes how genes are used as templates to produce proteins. It has three main parts: DNA replication, DNA transcription, and RNA translation. DNA replication relies on the complementarity of DNA strands and involves the separation of the two strands to serve as templates for the synthesis of new strands. Key enzymes involved in DNA replication include helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, exonuclease, and DNA ligase. DNA polymerase creates new DNA strands by assembling nucleotides, while other enzymes help separate, prime, proofread, and join the strands.

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    GENBIO2 - Lesson_ The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

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    The central dogma of molecular biology describes how genes are used as templates to produce proteins. It has three main parts: DNA replication, DNA transcription, and RNA translation. DNA replication relies on the complementarity of DNA strands and involves the separation of the two strands to serve as templates for the synthesis of new strands. Key enzymes involved in DNA replication include helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, exonuclease, and DNA ligase. DNA polymerase creates new DNA strands by assembling nucleotides, while other enzymes help separate, prime, proofread, and join the strands.

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    125 views2 pages

    GENBIO2 - Lesson - The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

    Uploaded by

    Jazmaine Simbulan
    The central dogma of molecular biology describes how genes are used as templates to produce proteins. It has three main parts: DNA replication, DNA transcription, and RNA translation. DNA replication relies on the complementarity of DNA strands and involves the separation of the two strands to serve as templates for the synthesis of new strands. Key enzymes involved in DNA replication include helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, exonuclease, and DNA ligase. DNA polymerase creates new DNA strands by assembling nucleotides, while other enzymes help separate, prime, proofread, and join the strands.

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    01.18.

    2023
    GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

    LESSON: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

    Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA Replication


    ➔ also known as PROTEIN SYNTHESIS or ➔ relies on the complementarity of DNA
    GENE EXPRESSION strands
    ➔ describes the processes involved on ◆ AT/GC rule or Chargaff’s rule
    how genes will be used as a template ➔ The process can be summarized as
    to produce proteins such:
    ➔ has three main parts: ◆ The two DNA strands come
    ◆ DNA Replication apart
    ◆ DNA Transcription ◆ Each serves as a template
    ◆ RNA Translation strand for the synthesis of new
    strands

    SEMICONSERVATIVE MODEL
    two newly-made strands = daughter strands
    two original strands = parental strands

    5’ to 3’ = leading strand
    3’ to 5’ = lagging strand

    Gene
    ➔ the basic physical and functional unit
    of heredity ENZYMES UTILIZED IN DNA REPLICATION

    ➔ made up of specific nucleotide Helicase

    sequence of DNA to make molecules ➔ catalyze the separation of double

    called proteins stranded nucleic acids into single

    ➔ damaged gene = mutation strands in an ATP-dependent reaction


    and function in DNA modification

    NOTE!!! processing, including DNA replication,

    Many genes do not code for proteins DNA repair, recombination,

    (junk genes) transcription, translation, and many


    other nucleic acid-related processes
    — Jankowsky & Fairman, 2007
    Primase of the phosphodiester bond
    ➔ synthesizes short RNA sequences
    called primers, which serve as a
    starting point for DNA synthesis
    — Nature Education, 2014

    DNA Polymerase
    ➔ create DNA molecules by assembling
    nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA
    essential to DNA replication and
    usually work in pairs to create two
    identical DNA strands from one
    original DNA molecule — Mandal, 2020

    EUKARYOTE PROKARYOTE FUNCTION

    main synthesizer of DNA


    DNA DNA strand, only one in
    Polymerase Polymerase leading strand, multiple
    α III in lagging strand
    (okazaki fragments)

    DNA remedies gaps .in the


    DNA strand specially from
    Polymerase
    Polymerase I gaps created after the
    δ removal of primers

    helps in repairing
    DNA DNA
    damaged parts of DNA
    Polymerase ε Polymerase II strands

    DNA repair damaged parts of


    Polymerase DNA strand in a
    β non-dividing cell

    Exonuclease
    ➔ hydrolyze RNA bonding and removes
    RNA primers in the strand of the parent
    DNA

    DNA Ligase
    ➔ necessary in joining the strands of DNA
    together by catalyzing the association

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