CBSE Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Notes - Development

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Revision Notes Class 10

Social Science - Economics
Chapter – 1 Development
1. Introduction
● Developmental goals of any particular idea vary from person to
person.
● Apart from personal development, we should definitely think of a
country's development.
● Development is defined as the people’s economic growth, along
with the growth of their basic needs like education, health, lifestyle,
etc.
● The main aim of development is to update as per the demand of time.
● For example: to generate electricity, a dam is constructed over a river
where nearby mass is considered for construction resulting in the
development of society and country.
● It causes destruction for farmers and the lives of people living
nearby.
2. Income and other goals

● Money is considered to be the basic need of people and to fulfill their
daily requirements making money or income is very important.
● Money is required to buy materialistic things as well as freedom,
security, treatment, respect to maintain a quality lifestyle.
● Hence, developmental goals are necessary to get a better income and
other things in life.
3. National Development
● It is defined as a country’s ability to enhance the living standards of
its residents.
● For people, belief in nations' development is different.
● Improvement in people’s living standards, providing basic things to
citizens like food, education, social service, medical aid, etc, and
increase in per capita income, is referred to as National development.
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CRM 1
4. How can you differentiate different countries or states?

● Income is a key feature to compare countries.
● Countries that have higher income are called developed countries
and vice versa.
● The income of a country is about the income of the citizens of that
country.
● National income: it is the sum of the total value of the country’s
goods and services produced in a year. As every country has a
different population rate, so National income cannot be considered
to compare between different countries.
● Per capita income: it is also called average income, defined as a
country's total earnings divided by the whole population. It shows
the living standard of the citizens of the country.
● The average income of the country is the ratio of the overall income
of the country to the overall population of the country.
5. Income and other criteria

● To achieve a goal, people earn more and want respect from others,
the security of their lives, and freedom.
● If we consider per capita in the country’s development, then Goa is
the most developed and Bihar is the least developed state in India.
● Net attendance ratio: defined as the total number of children, the age
group from 14 years attending the school from the total percentage
of children in the same age group.
● Literacy rate: it is the total number of people above 7 years who can
write, read and understand. If the literacy rate is high, then the state
is considered to be developed. Kerala has the highest literacy rate of
96.2% and Andhra Pradesh has the lowest literacy rate of 66.4%.
● Infant mortality rate: it is the total number of children that die in one
year of age as a proportion of 1000 births in a year. It shows how
efficient health facilities are in any country. Kerala has the lowest
infant mortality rate, that is deaths per 1000 live births and Madhya
Pradesh has the highest mortality rate that is 48 per 1000 live births
in India.
6. Human Development Index

● The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) prepares this

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● index, in which an annual report of human development is published

every year.
● The major parameters include per capita income, literacy rate, and
durability of a person’s life, which measure the countries’
development.
● Countries are marked as very high, high, medium, and low
developed countries respectively.
● Apart from infant mortality rate, literacy rate, net attendance ratio;
the BMI index also plays an important role.
7. Body mass index (BMI) is measured to measure the adults who are
undernourished by calculating the weight of the person (kg) divided by the
square of the height. If the value is less than 18.5, the person is
undernourished and if it is more than 25, then the person is highly obese.
8. Public Facilities
● Public facilities play a major role in the development of the country.
● These are the facilities provided by the government like schools,
transportation, electricity, hospitals, residences, community halls,
etc.
● These facilities are important as we cannot purchase every major
facility.
9. Sustainable Development
● It is the development that meets all needs of today’s generation.
● It is the development of a nation without affecting the environment.
● To achieve sustainable development, we should use non-renewable
resources such as carbon-based fuel wisely.
Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
1. Write down the features of a developed country? Name the countries

having the highest and lowest per capita income in 2019 (US Dollars).
Ans:
● Any country whose literacy rate, per capita income, and service rate is high,
those countries are called a developed country.
● The per capita income of a country is a measure of its number of people’s
economic output.

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● Countries with per capita income having to be $128000 per annum are
called developed countries. Example – Qatar.
● Countries with a per capita income of $800 or less are known as developing
countries. Example: Central African Republic.
2. What is IMR and why is it important? Which state has a high and low
infant mortality rate?
Ans:
● IMR is the total number of children that die within 1 year of age as a
proportion of 1000 births in a year.
● This shows the efficiency of health facilities in a country.
● Madhya Pradesh has a high infant mortality rate of 48 deaths per 1000 live
births and Nagaland has a low infant mortality rate of 4 deaths per 1000
live births.
3. What is India’s per capita income in 2020? Which is the richest state of
India? And which state of India makes more income?
Ans:
● As per the world development indicators, India has $7680 per capita
income.
● Maharashtra is the richest state in India with a nominal GDP of 28.78 lakh
crore.
● Sikkim has the lowest GDP of 0.287 lakh crore.
● Goa has the highest per capita income of $6698 (Rs. 4,30,081)
4. Other than income, what are the other factors that are important for our
lives?
Ans: Important factors for our lives are:
● Safe environment for women at their workplace.
● Freedom, respect, treatment, and security.
● Pollution-free environment.
● Political rights
5. What do you mean by development? Write down the aspect of

development.
Ans: Development is the improvement of citizens' lives in terms of income,
lifestyle, etc.
Major aspects of development are:
● Development for anyone can be destructive for others.
● Different people have different goals in life.

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6. Why is average income an essential criterion for development?

Ans: Average income is the basic criteria because it shows the earning of a
person, it also gives a clear idea about the standard of living. The average income
will be less if the number of people who are not working is less.
7. Which neighboring country of India has better performance in terms of

Human development?
Ans:
● Sri Lanka performed better in terms of human development than India.
● Its per capita income is $4390, 91% literacy rate, 93 HDI rank, 74 life
expectancy at birth which is better than India and other neighboring
countries that are Myanmar, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh.
8. Why do we use averages and what are their limitations? Provide some
examples where the word “average” is used to compare situations.
Ans:
● Averages are used to compare different parameters of the same category,
not people.
● Averages do not provide information about the distribution of a particular
thing between people.
● Example: where the word average is used for comparing situations are:
i) To find out the literacy rates in the country.
ii) Height and weight of students in a class with a total number of
students.
iii) To find the average income of people in the state.
9. “A development for one individual can be destructive for others”. Explain

this statement with two examples.
Ans: Here are two examples are:
● A businessman hires workers, those who are providing them more wages
which is a development for workers, but on the other hand, it gives a loss
for a businessman as he could have hired 2 or more workers at the same
price.
● Industrialists construct apartments and buildings for his/her personal
development and for the nation. These apartments are destructive for
farmers as they could have used this land for irrigation.

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Career Rankers Muzaffarpur

Revision Notes Class 10

2. Income and other goals

Class X Economics www.vedantu.com

4. How can you differentiate different countries or states?

5. Income and other criteria

6. Human Development Index

Class X Economics www.vedantu.com

● index, in which an annual report of human development is published

Frequently Asked Questions and Answers

1. Write down the features of a developed country? Name the countries

Class X Economics www.vedantu.com

5. What do you mean by development? Write down the aspect of

Class X Economics www.vedantu.com

6. Why is average income an essential criterion for development?

7. Which neighboring country of India has better performance in terms of

9. “A development for one individual can be destructive for others”. Explain

Class X Economics www.vedantu.com

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