Various Literary Genres of Philippine Literature in Different Periods

Background Information
Literature reflects the history of a nation. It is interesting to know the development
of our Literature from the past centuries o to the current times.

These periods are presented in a summarized form using a chart. It is the "Capsulized”
form to see the whole concepts of the different periods of our literature with regards to
their time frame. characteristics, prominent Filipino writers, and their literary works.

1. Pre-Colonial Period (B.C. – 1565)

Characteristics:
Oral Traditions, Mythology & Animism, Superstitions

Forms of Literature:
Riddles, Proverbs, Folk Songs, Folk Tales, Legends, Fables, and Epics

Prominent Writers & Literary Works:

No writers were known in this period. There were no pieces of literary works
preserved.
The only remaining forms of literature were preserved orally. (Salindila)

This was probably the result of confiscation of literary works that were burned
and destroyed by Spanish Colonizers.

2. Spanish Colonization Period (1956-1863)

Characteristics:
Religious & Secular (Non-Religious). Spanish Language was introduced.

Forms of Literature:
Religious Literatures (Doctrin Cristiana) , Cenakulo, Pasyon, Novena, Novel-long
Stories, Awit, Korido, and Prose Narratives (Moro-Moro and Sta. Cruzan).

Prominent Writers & Literary Works:

Aquino De Belen – “Ang Mahal na Pasyon ni Hesu Kristong Panginoon natin”
Francsico Balagtas (Father of Balagtasan and Tagalog Literature) – “Florante at
Laura”
Joaquin Tuazon – “Ang Bagong Robinson”
Modesto Castro – “Urbana at Felisa”
Pedro Bukaneg (blind poet, Father of Bukanegan and Ilocano Literature – “Biag
ni Lam-ang”

3. Nationalistic/Propaganda and Revolutionary Period (1864-1896)

Characteristics:
Writing was used to propagate Nationalism. Shift from Spanish to Tagalog.

Forms of Literature:
Propaganda Literatures (Leaflets, Newspapers, Novels about Spanish Atrocites),
Political Essays, Satire-Humorous writings, Patriotic Poems, and Short Stories.

Prominent Writers & Literary Works:

Graciano Lopez Jaena – editor of “La Solidaridad”
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar – editor of “Diyaryong Tagalog”
Jose Rizal – “Noli Me Tangere” and “El Filibusterismo”
Andres Bonifacio – “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa” poem
Apolinario Mabini – “Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas”
Emilio Jacinto – “Liwanag at Dilim”

4. American Colonial Period (1910-1945)

Characteristics:
The use of English language was introduced. Short stories became the most
prevalent forms.

Forms of Literature:
Poems, Short Stories, and Novels

Prominent Writers & Literary Works:

Paz Marquez Benitez – “Dead Stars” (Short Story)
Zoili Galang – “Child of Sorrow”
Juan Crisostomo Sotto (father of Crisotan and Kapampangan Literature) –“Y
Miss Phatuphats”
Jose Corazon De Jesus – “Bayan Ko” lyrics sang and popularized by Freddie
Aguilar

5. Japanese Period (1942-1944)

Characteristics:
New Tagalog poets emerged Use of simple language and freeverse instead of
the measured.

Forms of Literature:
Free Verse Poem and Fiction/Short Stories

Prominent Writers & Literary Works:

Macario Pineda – “Suyuan sa Tubigan” (Short Story)
Narciso Reyes – “Lupang Tinubuan”
Liwayway Arceo – “Tigang na Lupa”
Jose Garcia Villa (National Artist) – “Footnote to Youth”
Nick Joaquin (National Artist) – “The Woman Who had Two Navels”

6. Modern Period (1960-1999)

Characteristics:
New writers emerged, critical to Marcos’s administration They used symbolism
and allegories The use of theaters was prevalent

Forms of Literature:
Poems, Short Stories, Essays, and Theater Shows

Prominent Writers & Literary Works:

F. Sionil Jose (National Artist) – “My Brother, My Executioner”
Teodoro Agoncillo – “History of the Filipino People”
Virgilio Almario – “Ibong Adarna”, Filipino translations of “Noli Me Tangere”
and “El Filibusterismo”
Carlos Ojeda Aureus (Carlos Palanca Award) – “The Latecomer”
David C. Martinez (Palanca Awardee) – “The Amulet”
 7. Post Modern/Contemporary Period

Characteristics:
Writers with wide range of topics/focus. Integration of Social Media.

Forms of Literature:
Essays, Novels, Short Stories, Hybrid Literature “Textula”, eBooks, Wattpad,
Fliptop, Spoken Poetry

Prominent Writers & Literary Works:

Teodoro Locsin (speech writer, essayist) – “Teoditorial”
Amblet Ocampo – “Bones of Contention” (Book about Bonifacio)
Lualhati Bautista (novelist) – “Bata, Bata, Paano ka ginawa?” and “Gapo”

Poetic License – deviate from the structures of English

NOT ALL POEMS HAVE TO BE GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT

Context – situation, setting, deeper meanings of the text

Text – written/oral actual words that are presented. Part of the context.

TYPES OF CONTEXTS:

• Historical
• Sociocultural
• Political
• Linguistic

Information that helps readers accurately interpret the meaning of the text.

Other Types of Context (?)

• Author’s Context vs. Reader’s Context

- Author – experience, thinking of the author, imagination as the author
- Reader – own thinking/perspective

• Social Context
- Society impacts the text meaning
- Can affect the environment in context

2 Factors:
1. Society we live in
2. Production of the text (production coming from the environment)

• Historical Context
- Past will affect the present and future

• Cultural Context
- affected by the way of life, traditions, beliefs, values,

Factors that affect “way of life”:

• Food
 • Clothing
• Nationality or Race
• Religion
• Traditions
• Manners

PRODUCE A CREATIVE REPRESENTATION OF A LITERARY TEXT BY APPLYING

MULTIMEDIA AND ICT SKILLS

Different Multimedia Formats

Powtoon
- Visual communication platform that can be used to create customized videos.

Pixton Edu’
- Interactive platform for creating comic books and story boards.

Video
- electronic device used to record, copy, playback, broadcast, and display
moving visual media (LEXICO 2020)

Mind Mapping
- Graphical technique to visualize connections of ideas and pieces of
information
- Semantic web

Blog
- Website for informative articles about a person’s opinions, interests, and
experiences. Usually changed regularly.
- Blog – article | Vlog – video
- Web-Log = Blog

Blog consists of:

• Header
• Body
• Sidebars
• Footer

Post – contact info, about yourself, static

Page – different pages

Mobile Phone Text Tula

- Traditional Filipino poem
- Tanaga, 4 lines, 7 syllables each

Slideshow Presentation
- Microsoft PowerPoint
- Series of pictures of pages of information arranged in sequence and often
displayed on a large screen using a video projector.

Tag Cloud
- Visual, styled arrangement of words or tags within a textual content, such as
websites and databases.
- Menti.com