ESO205: Nature and Properties of Materials

2022-23 Sem I
ESO205: Nature and Properties of Materials

Course Objective...
Introduce fundamental concepts in Materials Science
and Engineering
You will learn about:
• material structure
• how structure dictates properties
• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to:
• use materials properly
• realize new design opportunities with materials
Please refer to the FCH for
lecture-wise breakup and
course evaluation details
1
7
 ESO205
Nature and Properties of Materials
(2022-2023 Semester I)

Laboratory Experiments

Set I: 1. Atomic Packing (models and software);

Crystal Structure Determination using X-rays

2. Tensile Properties of Materials

3. Electrical Resistivity of Ionic Solids

4. Band-Gap Measurement in Semi-Conductors

5. Dielectric Behavior of Barium-Titanate

6. Magnetic Hysterisis in Ni
Set II:
1. Diffusion in Solids (software); Microstructure of Steels
& Cast Irons

2. Microstructure of Metals & Alloys; Phase Volume Fraction

Determination by Quantitative Metallography

3. Thermal Analysis of Pb-Sn Alloy

4. Griffith Flaws in Glass

5.Thermal Expansion of Al

6. Cold-worked and Annealed Microstructures

Tensile Testing
Magnetic Hysterisis in Ni
Dielectric Behavior of BaTiO3

Electrical Resistivity of Ionic Solids

Band-Gap Measurement in Semi-Conductors
 The Materials Selection Process
1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)

Material: structure, composition.

3. Material Identify required Processing

Processing: changes structure and overall shape
ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.

ESO205: Nature & Properties of Materials Instructor: Dr. Anish Upadhyaya

 ELECTRICAL
• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
6
N i
at %
5 3.32
+
Resistivity, 

Cu Ni
(10-8 Ohm-m)

a t % N i
4 6 %
+ 2.1 2 a t
Cu + 1.1
3 d Cu (J.O. Linde, Ann Physik 5, 219 (1932);
rme i C.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson,
e fo % N
2 d
1 2 at Physics of Solids, 2nd ed.,

+ 1. McGraw-Hill, New York,1970.)

Cu
1 e ” Cu
r
“Pu
0
-200 -100 0 T (°C)
• Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity.
• Deforming Cu increases resistivity.
ESO205: Nature & Properties of Materials Instructor: Dr. Anish Upadhyaya
 MAGNETIC
• Magnetic Storage: • Magnetic Permeability
--Recording medium vs. Composition:
is magnetized by --Adding 3 atomic % Si
recording head. makes Fe a better
recording medium!

Magnetization
Fe+3%Si

Fe

Magnetic Field
J.U. Lemke, MRS Bulletin, Vol. XV, No. 3, p. 31,
C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and A.S. Tetelman,
1990
The Principles of Engineering Materials,
1973

ESO205: Nature & Properties of Materials Instructor: Dr. Anish Upadhyaya

 OPTICAL
• Transmittance:
--Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or
opaque depending on the material structure.

polycrystal: polycrystal:
single crystal low porosity high porosity

Callister 6e

ESO205: Nature & Properties of Materials Instructor: Dr. Anish Upadhyaya

Classification of Various Types of Composites
with few illustrative examples
Variation of Elastic Modulus of Composites with Varying
Content and Morphology of the Reinforcing Phase
Trends in Jet Engine Materials Usage