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Chapter 8

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CHAPTER 8

CONTINGENCIES OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1. What is the difference of men and women in terms of leadership?

Female leaders tended to show more relations oriented and democratic

styles than men, with male leaders showing more task-oriented and autocratic

styles.

Male and female leaders’ task versus relations styles did not differ was

actually consistent with the prevailing thinking of leadership scholars about what

it takes to be a successful leader. Regardless of their sex, the best leaders were

characterized at the time as those who integrated their task and relations

orientation in their behavior toward their colleagues and subordinates.

2. Do you agree that women is more of a transformational leader than men? Why?

Yes. It seems that women might have some slight advantage over men in

terms of developing transformational leadership characteristic. Although women

have achieved gains in middle level positions of leadership, there is still a glass

ceiling that makes it more difficult for women to reach the top-level leadership

positions in business, government, the military, and elsewhere.


3. What are the characteristics of charismatic-transformational leadership?

A charismatic-transformational leadership style combines aspects of charisma

and transformational leadership. Charisma, Inspirational Motivation, Individualized

Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation, and Idealized Influence are instances of

charm.These traits all contribute to the charismatic-transformational leadership style,

which attempts to motivate and encourage followers to achieve extraordinary

outcomes and bring about positive change within an organization or society.

4. Give evidences of sex differences in transformational leadership?

 (Brenner & Bromer, 1981; Kruse & Wintermantel, 1986). They were

presumably promoted for demonstrating masculine virtues of ambition,

competitiveness, and task orientation.

 Morrison, White, Van Velsor, et al., 1987), the successful 40-year-old

female manager was expected to behave no differently as a leader than

her 40-year-old male counterpart who was another rising star in the

organization

 (Denmark, 1977; Osborn & Vicars, 1976). There is some research

evidence to support this notion that the requirements of the leadership role

shaped the behavior and styles of female (and male) leaders


5. What is the strong component of developmentalism in transformational

leadership?

An explanation for the male–female differences in transformational

leadership may be partly attributable to the tendency for women, as a group, to

be more relations-oriented—at least when they are not influenced by the

demands of the traditionally “male” managerial role, as mentioned earlier (Eagly,

1991). At the same time, there is a strong component of developmentalism in

transformational leadership. By definition, transformational leaders focus on

developing and raising the awareness of their followers about the importance of

satisfying higher order growth needs.

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