Dept: Computer Engineering

Subject: Cloud Computing Lab Subject Code: CSL605

Year/Semester: TE-VI Date: Page No.
Student Name: Roll No. Division:

Experiment No.: 2

Aim: Perform case study on Hosted Virtualization using Virtual Box & KVM.
Software Required: Virtual Box
Theory :-
Virtualization is a technique of how to separate a service from the underlying physical delivery
of that service. It is the process of creating a virtual version of something like computer
hardware. It was initially developed during the mainframe era. It involves using specialized
software to create a virtual or software-created version of a computing resource rather than the
actual version of the same resource. With the help of Virtualization, multiple operating systems
and applications can run on same machine and its same hardware at the same time, increasing
the utilization and flexibility of hardware.
In other words, one of the main cost effective, hardware reducing, and energy saving techniques
used by cloud providers is virtualization. Virtualization allows to share a single physical instance
of a resource or an application among multiple customers and organizations at one time. It does
this by assigning a logical name to a physical storage and providing a pointer to that physical
resource on demand. The term virtualization is often synonymous with hardware virtualization,
which plays a fundamental role in efficiently delivering Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
solutions for cloud computing. Moreover, virtualization technologies provide a virtual
environment for not only executing applications but also for storage, memory, and networking.
The machine on which the virtual machine is going to be built is known as Host Machine and
that virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machine.
BENEFITS OF VIRTUALIZATION

1. More flexible and efficient allocation of resources.

2. Enhance development productivity.
3. It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure.
4. Remote access and rapid scalability.
5. High availability and disaster recovery.
6. Pay peruse of the IT infrastructure on demand.
7. Enables running multiple operating systems.

Types of Virtualization:
1.Application Virtualization.
2.Network Virtualization.
3.Desktop Virtualization.
4.Storage Virtualization.
5.Server Virtualization.
6.Data virtualization.
1. Application Virtualization:
Application virtualization helps a user to have remote access of an application from a server.
The server stores all personal information and other characteristics of the application but can
still run on a local workstation through the internet. Example of this would be a user who needs
to run two different versions of the same software. Technologies that use application
virtualization are hosted applications and packaged applications.
2. Network Virtualization:
The ability to run multiple virtual networks with each has a separate control and data plan. It co-
exists together on top of one physical network. It can be managed by individual parties that
potentially confidential to each other. Network virtualization provides a facility to create and
provision virtual networks—logical switches, routers, firewalls, load balancer, Virtual Private
Network (VPN), and workload security within days or even in weeks.
3. Desktop Virtualization:
Desktop virtualization allows the users’ OS to be remotely stored on a server in the data centre.
It allows the user to access their desktop virtually, from any location by a different machine.
Users who want specific operating systems other than Windows Server will need to have a virtual
desktop. Main benefits of desktop virtualization are user mobility, portability, easy management
of software installation, updates, and patches.
4. Storage Virtualization:
Storage virtualization is an array of servers that are managed by a virtual storage system. The
servers aren’t aware of exactly where their data is stored, and instead function more like worker
bees in a hive. It makes managing storage from multiple sources to be managed and utilized as
a single repository. storage virtualization software maintains smooth operations, consistent
performance and a continuous suite of advanced functions despite changes, break down and
differences in the underlying equipment.
5. Server Virtualization:
This is a kind of virtualization in which masking of server resources takes place. Here, the
central-server(physical server) is divided into multiple different virtual servers by changing the
identity number, processors. So, each system can operate its own operating systems in isolate
manner. Where each sub-server knows the identity of the central server. It causes an increase in
the performance and reduces the operating cost by the deployment of main server resources into
a sub-server resource. It’s beneficial in virtual migration, reduce energy consumption, reduce
infrastructural cost, etc.
6. Data virtualization:
This is the kind of virtualization in which the data is collected from various sources and managed
that at a single place without knowing more about the technical information like how data is
collected, stored & formatted then arranged that data logically so that its virtual view can be
accessed by its interested people and stakeholders, and users through the various cloud services
remotely. Many big giant companies are providing their services like Oracle, IBM, At scale,
Cdata, etc.
It can be used to performing various kind of tasks such as:
• Data-integration
• Business-integration
• Service-oriented architecture data-services
• Searching organizational data
VirtualBox is designed to run virtual machines on your physical machine without reinstalling your
OS that is running on a physical machine.
Creating a Virtual Machine with VirtualBox
To create a virtual machine with Oracle VirtualBox, we should follow the steps given below.
Step 1 − To begin with, click on the “Oracle VM VirtualBox” icon on the desktop as shown in
the screenshot below.
Step 2 − The next step is to click on “New” button, which is in the top left hand side of the screen.

Step 3 − A table will pop-up requesting you the parameters for the virtual machine. These will
be −
• Name − We have to put a friendly name for this Virtual Machine.
• Type − Enter the OS that is going to be installed on it.
• Version − Enter the specific version for that OS, which we have selected earlier.
Once all the above parameters are filled, click on “Next”.

Step 4 − Select the amount of memory that you need to allocate in this VM → Click on “Next”.
Step 5 − Check one of the three options for the HDD and click on “Create”.

Step 6 − Select a file extension for your virtual HDD (It is recommended to use a common file
extension that most of the hypervisors use like VHD) → click on “Next”.

Step 7 − Choose whether you want the Virtual HDD as dynamic or fixed. This is based on your
needs → Click on “Next”.
Step 8 − Put a name for your virtual HDD file and select the disk size for your VM → Click on
“Create”.

All the above steps can be done in one shot by selecting the “Expert mode”.

The virtual machine created will be as shown in the screenshot below.

Setting up Networking with VirtualBox
There are two types of networking modes in VirtualBox, which are –
• Nat Networks and
• Host-only Networks.
Both of these are explained in detail below.
Nat Networks - For setting up Nat Networks, we should follow the steps given below.
Step 1 − Go to Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager → Click on “Preferences…”

Step 2 − Click on “Network” and then on the left panel click on the “NAT Networks” tab.
Step 3 − Click on the “+” button, which is highlighted in the screenshot below.

Step 4 − Here, we have to put the “Network Name” and the IP range for this network that will be
NAT-ed, in order to have access to internet and to other networks.

Host-only Networks - For setting up Host-only Networks, we should follow the steps given below.
Step 1 − If you click on the “Host-only Networks” tab, you can create networks that are isolated
from the other networks. However, VM hosts communicate with each other and the Hypervisor
machine. Click on the “+” sign.
Step 2 − The host interface will continue to be created as shown in the screenshot below.

Step 3 − If you click on button, you can edit the settings.

Step 4 − If you want your host machines to take “DHCP IP”, click on the “DHCP Server” tab
and check the box “Enable Server” → Click “OK”.
Step 5 − In the “Adapter” tab, put the IP of the hypervisor.

After all these preparations for setting up the network modes is complete. It is now time to assign
a network to our VMs.
To do this, Click on the VMs on the left side of the panel, then right click on the “Network” option
and a table will be open.

You can have up to four Ethernet adaptors per machine. The following image has four sections
highlighted, which are explained below.
• Check the box “Enable Network Adapter” to enable the vNIC on the VM and attach it to
one network.
• You can have many networks created, so we have to select one of them in the “Name”
dropdown box.
• In the adapter type dropdown-box, we have to select a physical NIC that the hypervisor
has.
• Promiscuous Mode: Here, we can select “Deny”, if we do not want the VMs to
communicate with each other.
Once all the above parameters are completed. Click on “OK”.
Allocating Processors & Memory to a VM
To allocate processors and memory to a virtual machine using VirtualBox, we should follow the
steps given below.
Step 1 − To allocate a processor and memory, you have to click on “Settings” after you have
selected the VM.

Step 2 − Click on “System” on the left side tab, then click on the “Motherboard” tab. Move the
arrow left or right to allocate the memory as shown in the screenshot below.
Step 3 − To allocate processors, click on the “Processor” tab. Move the arrow left or right to
allocate the number of processors as shown in the screenshot below.

Step 4 − After all those changes are done → click on “OK”.

Conclusion
VirtualBox is a powerful virtualization solution that can be used for running distinct operating
systems. VirtualBox’s user interface is convenient and standardized for all supported host
operating systems. VirtualBox for running software developed for different operating systems on
your single physical machine simultaneously without the need to install multiple operating systems
on a physical machine, and reboot to change the OS. VirtualBox provides a high range of virtual
networking modes.

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