Csec Chemistry Chapter 6 - Moles

Csec Chemistry Chapter 6 : Mole Concepts
Objectives:
6.1
 Define mole and molar mass;

 The mole as the amount of substance that contains 6.0 x 1023 (the Avogadro’s
 constant) particles in that substance.
 Molar mass - mass of 1 mole of a substance in gmol-1.
 Observe and compare the masses of 1 mole of different substances.
6.2
 Perform calculations involving the mole;

 Calculations from mass to moles and moles to mass and percentage composition by
mass.
 Calculate relative molecular mass or relative formula mass given atomic masses.
 No definitions are required for the relative masses.
 Distinguish between molar mass and relative mass
6.3
 State Avogadro’s Law;

 Calculations involving molar volumes
6.4
 State the Law of Conservation of Matter;
6.5
 Write balanced equations;

 Use of both ionic and molecular equations (including state symbols) to represent
chemical reactions referred to in the syllabus.
6.6
 Apply the mole concept to equations, both ionic and molecular;

 Calculations involving masses and volumes
6.7
 Define the term standard solution

 Molar concentration and mass concentration
 Prepare standard solutions
Relative Atomic Mass (A1) is the average mass of one atom of an element compared to one-
twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Relative Molecular Mass
The term relative molecular mass is used when referring to covalently bonded elements or
compounds:
 Relative Molecular Mass (M1) is the average mass of one molecule of an element or
compound compared to one twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12
The Relative Formula Mass
The term relative formula mass is used when referring to ionic compounds:
 The Relative Formula Mass is the average mass of one formula unit of an ionic
compound compared to one-twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Calculating Relative Atomic, Molecule and Formula Mass
Relative molecular mass and relative formula mass are calculated by adding together the
relative atomic masses of all the elements present in the compound
Examples:
Moles and Mass
A mole is defined as the amount of substance (element or compound) that contains

exactly 6.022 x 1023 particles (atoms, molecules or ions).
This number of particles is also known as Avogadro’s Number (L):
1 mole = L = 6.022 x 1023 particles (atoms, molecules or ions)
To Calculate the Number of Moles Given No. Of Particles
To Calculate the Number of Particles Given Number of Moles
Examples:
Molar Mass - The mass in grams of one (1) mole of any substance is known as its Molar
Mass.
Molar Mass of an Element = its Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) expressed in grams per mole
To Calculate Number of Moles of An Element:
Examples:
Molar Mass of a Compound = its Relative Molecular Mass expressed in grams per mole
To Calculate The Relative Molecular Mass Of A Compound

The Mole and Chemical Formulae
A chemical formula shows how many moles of each element are combined to form one mole
of a compound. For example, CO, represents 1 mol of carbon atoms combined with 2 mol of
oxygen atoms.
Chemical formulae can be written in two main ways:
The Empirical Formula. This gives the simplest whole number mole ratio between the
atoms or ions present in the compound. Ionic compounds are always represented by
empirical formulae
The Molecular Formula. This gives the actual number of moles of atoms of each element
present in one mole of the compound. Covalent compounds are represented by molecular
formulae.
 If the proportions of the elements, by mass, in a compound are known, then its
empirical formula can be determined.
 If the molecular formula is different from the empirical formula and the relative
molecular mass or molar mass is known, the molecular formula can be determined.
Percentage Composition by Mass
Percentage composition is the percentage, by mass, of each element in a compound. This

can be calculated once the formula of a compound is known.
Moles and Volume of Gas
Avogadro’s law states that equal volumes of all gases, under the same conditions of
temperature and pressure, contains the same number of molecules
Molar volume ( Vm) is the volume occupied by one mole ( 6.0 x 1023 ) of a gas.
Molar volume depends on temperature and pressure
Molar volume can be used to convert a given volume of a gas to number of moles, or to
convert a given number of moles of a gas to volume
Standard Temperature and Pressure - One (1) mole of gas occupies approximately 22.4
dm3 (or 22 400 cm3) at standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p.). S.t.p. is 273 K (0oC)
and 1 atmosphere (atm)
Room temperature and Pressure - One (1) mole of gas occupies approximately 24 dm3 (or
24 000 cm3) at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). R.t.p. is 298 K (25oC) and 1 atm (1
dm3 = 1000 cm3)
Examples:
Moles and Concentration
The concentration of a solution is a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a fixed

volume of the solution. The volume usually used is 1 dm' (1000 cm3).
Concentration can be expressed in two ways:
 The number of moles of solute in 1000 cm3 (or 1 dm3) of solution. This is called molar
concentration. The units of molar concentration are: mol dm-3 or mol L-1, abbreviated
M
The mass of solute in 1000 cm3 (or 1 dm3) of solution. This is called mass concentration.
The units of mass concentration are: g dm-3 or g L-1
To Calculate Molar Concentration:
 Find the number of moles of solute present in 1 dm3 of solution.

To Calculate Mass Concentration
To Convert Molar Concentration To Mass Concentration

Concentration is expressed as the amount of solute in 1 dm3 of solution NOT solvent.
When asked to find concentration it is usually molar concentration unless otherwise

indicate
Moles and Standard Solutions
 A standard solution is a solution whose concentration is known accurately

 A standard solution is made in a volumetric flask. The flask has an accurate volume
which is not always 1 dm'. The solute is weighed out, added to the flask and water is
added to the mark on the neck of the flask. The concentration of the solution can then
be calculated as in the example below:
Standard solutions are made up in two ways:
1) By calculating the amount of solute required to make up the solution and dissolving
this amount in the solvent or
2) By using a solution of a different (higher) concentration and diluting it to get the
standard solution. The more concentrated solution is called the stock solution.

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Csec Chemistry Chapter 6 : Mole Concepts

 Define mole and molar mass;

 Perform calculations involving the mole;

 State Avogadro’s Law;

 State the Law of Conservation of Matter;

 Write balanced equations;

 Apply the mole concept to equations, both ionic and molecular;

 Define the term standard solution

Relative Molecular Mass

The Relative Formula Mass

Calculating Relative Atomic, Molecule and Formula Mass

A mole is defined as the amount of substance (element or compound) that contains

This number of particles is also known as Avogadro’s Number (L):

1 mole = L = 6.022 x 1023 particles (atoms, molecules or ions)

To Calculate the Number of Moles Given No. Of Particles

To Calculate the Number of Particles Given Number of Moles

To Calculate Number of Moles of An Element:

To Calculate The Relative Molecular Mass Of A Compound

Chemical formulae can be written in two main ways:

Percentage composition is the percentage, by mass, of each element in a compound. This

Molar volume depends on temperature and pressure

The concentration of a solution is a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a fixed

Concentration can be expressed in two ways:

To Calculate Molar Concentration:

 Find the number of moles of solute present in 1 dm3 of solution.

To Convert Molar Concentration To Mass Concentration

When asked to find concentration it is usually molar concentration unless otherwise

Moles and Standard Solutions

 A standard solution is a solution whose concentration is known accurately

Standard solutions are made up in two ways:

this amount in the solvent or

2) By using a solution of a different (higher) concentration and diluting it to get the

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