University of Dhaka

First Year BS (Hons.) Final Examination 2020

Subject: Applied Mathematics
Course Title: Fundamentals of Mathematics with Modeling Course no.: AMTH 101
Full Marks: 70 Credits: 3 Time: 1.5 Hours

[N.B.: Answer any FIVE (5) questions. Numbers on the right margin indicate full marks.]

1. (a) Express the following statements in symbols and then using truth table determine the [7]
validity.

“If you are attentive in study then you will do well in the examination. You were not
attentive in study. Therefore, you will not do well in the examination.”

(b) Use truth tables to determine the validity of argument [7]

(𝑃⋀(𝑃 → 𝑄)) → 𝑄.

2. (a) Determine whether the conditional statement and it’s contrapositive [10]
statement are equivalent or not by constructing a truth table.

(b) Use the Euler diagram to determine whether the following syllogism is valid [4]
or not:
All humans are animals.
All animals can fly.

Therefore, all humans can fly.

3. (a) Represent graphically the set of values of 𝑧 for which [6]

|𝑧 + 1| > 4 .

(b) State De Moivre’s theorem for rational numbers. Solve the equation using De Moivre’s [8]
theorem

𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0.

4. (a) If (𝑎, 𝑏) = 1 and (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) is a particular solution of a linear Diophantine equation [7]

𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐, then the general solution is 𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑏𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑦0 − 𝑎𝑡, 𝑡 ∈ ℤ

(b) Solve 3𝑥 ≡ 10(𝑚𝑜𝑑 14) [7]

5. (a) What is Fibonacci sequence? Given that 𝐹102 = 927 372 692 193 078 999 176, [4]
find the sum of the first 100 terms of the Fibonacci sequence.

(b) Find the sum of the series

1 1 1
+ 4.7.10 + 7.10.13 + ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ up to 𝑛 terms. [10]
1.4.7

Page 1 of 2
6. State the relation between arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean. [14]
Use the Weierstrass inequalities to prove that for any integer 𝑛 > 1,

3𝑛 − 1 1 2 𝑛−1 2𝑛
< (1 + 2 ) (1 + 2 ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (1 + 2 ) < .
2𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛+1

7. Consider the polynomial 𝑃(𝑥) = 2𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 − 11𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2.

(a) Apply Descartes’ rule of sign to find the possible number of positive real zeros, [6]
negative real zeros and complex zeros of 𝑃(𝑥).

(b) Use synthetic division to determine whether (𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2) is a factor of 𝑃(𝑥). [8]

8. Suppose a hospital has 200 nurses to be apportioned among four shifts: A, B, C,

and D. The hospital decides to apportion the nurses based on the average number
of the room calls reported during each shift. Room calls are shown in the table
below:
Shift A B C D Total

No. of room calls 751 980 503 166 2400

Determine each shift’s apportionment using Hamilton’s method. [14]

Page 2 of 2
 University of Dhaka
First Year B S (Honors) Final Examination 2020
Subject: Applied Mathematics
Course title: Applied Calculus Course no.: AMTH 102
Full Marks: 70 Credits: 4 Time: 2 Hours
N.B. All questions are of equal value. Answer any 5 (FIVE) taking at least TWO questions
from each group.

Group-A
1. (a) Sketch graph of the functions 7
(i) 𝒚 = (𝟏 − 𝒙)𝟑 + 𝟐, using the graph of 𝒙𝟑 and
(ii) 𝒚 = |𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏|, using the graph of |𝒙𝟐 |.
(b) From the graphs in question 1(a) decide whether they have inverse or 4
not.
(c) Determine whether the following functions are even, odd or neither. 3
𝒙𝟒 +𝟏
(i) 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 −𝟐𝒙, (ii) 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 and (iii) 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙.

2. (a) If 𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 ≤ 𝒈(𝒙) ≤ 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 for all 𝒙, find 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒈(𝒙). 4

𝒙→𝟎
𝟒
(b) Suppose that 𝒇(𝒙) = {−𝒙 + 𝟑 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐 6
𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟗 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙 > 𝟐
Is 𝒇 continuous everywhere? Justify your conclusion.

(c) Find the linearization of 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝟏 + 𝒙 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟓 at 𝒙 = 𝟎. 4

3. For 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝟎𝒙 answer each of the following questions: 14

(a) Identify the critical points of the function.

(b) Determine the intervals on which the function increases and
decreases.
(c) Identify the points where relative maximum, relative minimum
occurs and find their values.
(d) Identify the inflection point of 𝒇(𝒙).

4. (a) Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟑 at the 6
point (𝟏, −√𝟐).
(b) A thin sheet of ice is in the form of a circle. If the ice is melting in such 8
a way that the area of the sheet is decreasing at a rate of 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎𝟐 /𝒔𝒆𝒄,
at what rate is the radius decreasing when the area of the sheet is
𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝟐 ?

Group-B
5. Find the net area (Reimann Sum) between 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟖𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟓 − 𝟏𝟐 and the 14

𝒙-axis on [−𝟐, 𝟐] using 𝒏 = 𝟖 and the midpoints of the subintervals for the
heights of the rectangles. Also, evaluate the net signed area using definite
integral. Do they agree?

Page 1 of 2
6. (a) A car traveling 𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒊/𝒉 along a straight road decelerates at a 6
constant rate of 𝟏𝟏 𝒇𝒕/𝒔𝟐 . How long will it take until the speed is
𝟒𝟓𝒎𝒊/𝒉? How far will the car travel before coming to a stop?
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐧−𝟏 𝒙
(b) Show that ∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = − ∫ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐧−𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 , then calculate 8
𝒏−𝟏
𝝅/𝟒
∫𝟎 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟒 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 .
7. (a) State the fundamental theorem of Calculus, Part II . 4
𝟖 10
(b) Determine the area of the region bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙, 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 and
𝒙 = 𝟒.

8. (a) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region 8
𝟐
between the y-axis and the curve 𝒙 = 𝒚, 𝟏 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟒 about the y-axis.
(b) Find the arc length of the entire cardioid 𝒓 = 𝒂 (𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽). 6

Page 2 of 2
 University of Dhaka
First Year B S (Honors) Final Examination 2020
Subject: Applied Mathematics
Course title: Coordinate and Vector Geometry Course no.: AMTH 103
𝟏
Full Marks: 70 Credits: 3 Time: 1 Hours
𝟐
N.B. All questions are of equal value. Answer any 5 (FIVE) questions.

1. (a) Identify the curve by transforming the polar equation to rectangular 4

coordinates 𝒓 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 = 𝟒.

(b) Let an 𝒙′𝒚′-coordinate system be obtained by rotating an 𝒙𝒚-coordinate system 10

through an angle of 𝜽. Derive the rotation equations. Hence find the equation of the
curve 𝟑𝒙′𝟐 + 𝒚′𝟐 = 𝟔 in 𝒙𝒚-coordinates for 𝜽 = 𝟒𝟓°.

2. Find the values of 𝜶 for which the following equation represents a pair of straight 14
lines 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝜶 = 𝟎. Also, find their point of intersection and
the equation of the bisectors of the angles between them.

3. For the equation 𝟑𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎 √𝟑 𝒙𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝟐√𝟑𝒚 − 𝟖𝟎 = 𝟎 14

(i) Determine which conic the equation represents.

(ii) Find the rotation angle required to eliminate the 𝒙𝒚-term in the new
coordinate system.
(iii) Transform the equation in 𝒙𝒚 into an equation in 𝒙′𝒚′.
(iv) Draw the graph of the resulting conic.

4. (a) Find the polar equation of a conic. 7

(b) Halley’s comet (last seen in 1986) has an eccentricity of 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕 and a semi major 7
axis of 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟏 AU.
(i) Find the equation of its orbit in the polar coordinate system.
(ii) Find the period of its orbit.
(iii)Find its perihelion and aphelion distances.

5. (a) Show that the general equation of first degree in 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 that is 6

𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄𝒛 + 𝒅 = 𝟎
represents a plane.
𝒚 𝒛
(b) Show that the equation of the plane containing the line + 𝒄 = 𝟏, 𝒙 = 𝟎 and 8
𝒃
𝒙 𝒛 𝒙 𝒚 𝒛
parallel to the line 𝒂 − 𝒄 = 𝟏, 𝒚 = 𝟎 is 𝒂 − 𝒃 − 𝒄 + 𝟏 = 𝟎, and if 𝟐𝒅 is the shortest
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
distance prove that 𝒅𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 .

6. Consider the following equations of straight line 14

𝟑
𝒙−𝟏 𝒚+𝟐 𝒛+𝟏 𝒙−𝟒 𝒚−𝟑 𝒛+𝟒
𝑳𝟏 : = = ; 𝑳𝟐 : = =
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟐
(i) Determine whether 𝑳𝟏 and 𝑳𝟐 are parallel or perpendicular.
(ii) Find the parametric equations for 𝑳𝟏 and 𝑳𝟐 .
(iii)Do 𝑳𝟏 and 𝑳𝟐 intersect? If so, where?

7. (a) Define direction cosine of a line. A line makes an angle 𝜶, 𝜷, 𝜸, 𝜹 with the four 8
𝟒
diagonal of a cube. Prove that 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜷 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜸 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝜹 = 𝟑

Page 1 of 2
 (b) If you apply a force of magnitude 25 pounds at the end of a 15-inch ling wrench, 6
𝝅
at an angle of to the wrench, find the magnitude of the torque applied to the
𝟑
bolt. What is the maximum torque that a force of 25 pounds applied at that
point can produce?

8. (a) Define vector product and give a geometrical interpretation of it. 6

⃗ = 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋 + 𝟔𝒌 and
(b) Find an equation for the plane perpendicular to the vector 𝒂 4
passing through the terminal point of the vector ⃗𝒃= 𝒊 + 𝟓𝒋 + 𝟑𝒌.
(c) Determine whether the line, 𝒙 = 𝟏 + 𝒕, 𝒚 = −𝟏 + 𝟑𝒕, 𝒛 = 𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕, and the plane 4
𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟒𝒛 = 𝟕, intersect; if so, find the coordinates of the intersection.

Page 2 of 2
 University of Dhaka
First Year BS (Hons.) Final Examination 2020
Subject: Applied Mathematics
Course Title: Principles of Economics Course no.: AMTH 105
Full Marks: 70 Credits: 3 Time: 1.5 Hours

[N.B.: Answer any FIVE (5) questions. Numbers on the right margin indicate full marks.]

1. (a) What is efficiency? [3]

(b) Show the effects on efficiency using Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) for the [6]
following changes:

I. Pandemic hit the country.

II. The people get more educated.
III. The country discovered new natural resources.

(c) Does opportunity cost always involve money? Explain. [2]

(d) Show and explain the shape of PPF under constant opportunity cost and increasing [3]
opportunity cost.

2. (a) Suppose that the inverse demand function for movies is 𝑝 = 120 − 𝑄1 for college [6]
students and 𝑝 = 120 − 2𝑄1 for other town residents. What is the town’s total demand
function (as a function of 𝑝)? Use a diagram to illustrate your answer.

(b) The demand function for a good is 𝑄 = 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑝 and the supply function is 𝑄 = 𝑐 − 𝑒𝑝, [4]
where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑒 are positive constants. Solve for the equilibrium price and quantity
in terms of these four constants.

(c) Show the effect of changes in 𝑏 and 𝑐 in the equilibrium price and quantity. [4]

3. (a) Suppose the Government of Bangladesh has decided to increase the salary of the [7]
government staff. Explain the effect of this intervention on the market for rice.

(b) Suppose that the Government of Bangladesh has decided to increase the Electricity. [7]
Explain the effect of this intervention on the market for edible oil.

4. (a) Discuss the Stutsky equation. Proof of Stutksy equation mathematically. [5]

(b) Derive the Hicksian demand curve graphically. [5]

(c) Discuss which one of the Hicksian and Marshallian demand curves has higher slope and [4]
why?

Page 1 of 2
5. A firm’s cost curve is 𝐶 = 𝐹 + 10𝑞 − 𝑏𝑞 2 + 𝑞 3 , where 𝑏 > 0.

(a) For what values of 𝑏 cost, average cost and average variable cost are positive? (From [6]
now on, assume that all these measures of cost are positive at every output level.)

(b) What is the shape of the 𝐴𝐶 curve? [4]

(c) At what output level is the 𝐴𝐶 minimized? [4]

6. A monopoly sells 𝐶𝐷s. It has a constant marginal and average cost of 20. It faces two groups
of potential customers: honest and dishonest people. The dishonest and the honest consumers’
demand functions are the same: 𝑝 = 120 − 𝑄.

(a) If it is not possible for the dishonest customers to steal the music, what are the [6]
monopoly’s profit maximizing price and quantity? What is its profit? What is the
consumers surplus, producer surplus and welfare?

(b) Answer the same question as in the previous part if the dishonest customers can pirate [4]
the music.

(c) How do customer surplus, producer surplus and welfare change if piracy occurs? Show [4]
the deadweight loss of the monopoly.

7. (a) Discuss the basic properties of preference. Also discuss the additional properties of [6]
convexity and strictly convexity that ensure well behaved indifference curve.

(b) Suppose the indirect utility function is [5]

𝜗(𝑝1 , 𝑝2 , 𝑚) = ln(𝑚) − 𝑎 𝑙𝑛(𝑝1 ) − (1 − 𝑎) ln (𝑝2 )

I. Find out the Marshallian demand function.

II. Find out the direct utility function.

(c) Show that the indirect utility function is quassiconvex in 𝑝. [3]

8. Write down short notes on the following (any Four) [14]

a. Rationality
b. Sunk cost and monopoly
c. Substitution and income effect
d. Natural vs regulated monopoly
e. Micro vs macro economics
f. Normative vs positive economics

Page 2 of 2
 University of Dhaka
First Year BS (Hons.) Final Examination 2020
Subject: Applied Mathematics
Course Title: FORTRAN Programming Course no.: AMTH 106
Full Marks: 70 Credits: 3 Time: 1.5 Hours

[N.B.: Answer any FIVE (5) questions. Numbers on the right margin indicate full marks.]

1. (a) Write down the brief history of FORTRAN. [8]

(b) Convert (2781.727)10 to its binary and hexadecimal equivalent. [6]
2. (a) Write down the output of the following FORTRAN 90 program. (Hint: take care when [8]
assigning results to operations involving integer division and to type integer variables)
REAL :: Cake, Hunt, A, B, C
INTEGER:: Fill, D, E, F
LOGICAL :: Wait = .FALSE.
CHARACTER :: Mess*14
A = 6.7
B = 4.2
C=A–B
D = 12
E=9
F = 100
Mess = “Input a number”
Cake = A / C
Hunt = B + F / D
Fill = Hunt / Cake
PRINT *, Cake, Hunt, Fill
PRINT *, Mess, Wait
END
(b) Find the value of the following expression after mixed mode arithmetic operation [6]
1.0 + 2.0 * 3.0 / (6.0*6.0 + 5.0*44.0) ** 0.25. Show each operation steps according to
their priority.
3. (a) Discuss how complex variables are declared and initialized in Fortran. Give an example [7]
to show how mixed mode arithmetic is performed between complex and real data.

Page 1 of 2
 (b) Write down the output of the following program: [7]
program concat_char
CHARACTER(len=10) :: a, b, c
a = 'Apple Computer'
b = 'Murray''s Mathematical Biology'
c(1:4) = a(1:4)
c(5:8)=b(3:6)
c(8:10) = b(8:10)
print*,a," ",b," ",c
end program
4. (a) Write a program to read in and write out a real number using FORMAT(F7.2)
[7]
What is the largest number that you can read in and write out with this format? What is
the largest negative number that you can read in and write out with this format? What
is the smallest number, other than zero, that can be read in and write out?
(b) Use the OPEN, REWIND, READ and WRITE statements to input a value (or values) as [7]
a character string, write this to a file, rewind the file, read in the values again, this time
real variables with blanks be treated as null, and then repeat with blanks as zeros.

5. (a) Why are go to statement is bad and what can we do to avoid them? [4]
(b) What is the advantage of an array over a spreadsheet format? [5]
(c) Describe the construction of two-dimensional array in FORTRAN programming? [5]
6. (a) Discuss function subprograms used in Fortran in detail. [6]
(b) Use SUBROUTNE to determine the first 10 prime numbers. [8]
7. (a) Why is allocatable memory used in programming? Write, how to use it in Fortran with [6]
an example.
(b) Write an IF-THEN-ELSE-END IF block that reads a student’s obtained mark in a [8]
course and prints out an appropriate Grade Letter using the following rules:
Marks Obtained Grade Letter
80 — 100 A+
70 — 79 A
60 — 69 B+
50 — 59 B
40 — 49 C
below 40 F
8. (a) Give a detail description of using files in Fortran. [6]
(b) Write a Fortran program for searching a specific number among a list of 12 numbers [8]
stored in a file. How many times the number is found in the list?

Page 2 of 2
 University of Dhaka
First Year BS (Hons.) Final Examination – 2020
Subject: Applied Mathematics
Course No. AMTH 107 Course Title: Basic Statistics and Probability
Full Marks: 70 Credits: 4 Time: 2 Hours
N.B.: Answer 5 (Five) questions taking at least two from each part.
All questions are of equal value.

Part A: Basic Statistics

1. Suppose that 30 mothers were randomly selected from a certain village and each of the mothers
was asked ‘How many children do you have?’ The answers obtained from all mothers are given
below.
2 0 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 0 2 0 3
0 4 3 2 2 4 4 4 0 2 2 2 0 0 3

(i) Define the variable of interest. Indicate whether the variable is qualitative or quantitative
(discrete or continuous). Specify the measurement scale used to measure the variable. 3
(ii) What is the entity in this problem? Define the population and sample for this problem? 2
(iii) Construct an appropriate frequency distribution table for the given data. Comment on the
table. 5
(iv) Draw an appropriate graph from the frequency distribution table constructed in (iii). 2
(v) Justify that the mean computed from the given data set is a statistic. How do you obtain the
corresponding parameter? 2

2. (a) Prove that the arithmetic mean is dependent on the shift of both origin and scale. Suppose
that random variables 𝑋 and 𝑌 are related as 𝑌 = 5 + 2𝑋. If the arithmetic mean of 𝑌 is 4.5,
what would be arithmetic mean of 𝑋? 4

(b) To travel 30 kilometers (𝐾𝑀), Mr. Martin travelled first 10 kilometers with a speed
of 60 𝐾𝑀/𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟; next 10 kilometers with a speed of 40 𝐾𝑀/𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟; and last 10 kilometers
with a speed of 20 𝐾𝑀/𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟. Compute the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and
harmonic mean. Hence establish a relationship among these averages. Which average do
you think appropriate for this problem? Justify your answer. 5

(c) The mean birth weights (in gram) by race are given in the following table. Explain the result.
Compute overall mean birth weight. Compare the variability of birth weights among
different races. 5

Race Sample Size Mean Standard Deviation

White 96 3103.74 727.72
Black 26 2719.69 638.68
Other 67 2804.01 721.301

3. (a) Consider the following set of data: 4, 6, 3, 4, 7. Calculate (i) range (ii) mean deviation and
(iii) standard deviation. 6
(b) Mean and standard deviation of commuting time (minutes) of workers are 55 and 15
respectively. The histogram is more or less symmetric and bell-shaped. Explain the
“empirical rule” in this context. 4
(c) The standard deviation (SD) of a particular type of 10-mg tablets is 1 mg, while the SD of a
particular type of 100-mg tablets is 2 mg. Which type of tablets has more variability? Justify
your answer. 4

4. (a) A biologist assumes that there is a linear relationship between the amounts of fertilizer
supplied to the tomato plants and the subsequent yield of tomatoes. This biologist randomly
selected eight tomato plants of the same variety and used different amounts of fertilizer (in
grams) for each plant. The yield of tomatoes (in kilograms) was recorded as follows.

Plant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Amount of Fertilizer 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
Yield 3.9 4.4 5.8 6.6 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.7
 (a) Draw a scatter diagram for the given data. 2

(b) Compute the correlation coefficient and comment on the result. 5

(c) Identify the dependent and independent variables for the simple linear regression model.
Estimate the parameters of the model and interpret the results. 5

(d) Write down the fitted simple linear regression model. Estimate the yield of a plant treated
with 2.75 grams of fertilizer. 2

Part B: Probability

5. (a) A group of patients was classified by the types of treatment and presence of symptom of a

particular disease as follows.

Symptoms
Treatment No Yes
Antibiotic 120 80
Homeopathic 40 160

If a patient is selected randomly, find and interpret the probability that he/she (i) uses
antibiotic; (ii) has no symptom; (iii) uses homeopathic and has symptom; (iv) has symptom
if antibiotic is used; (v) has symptom if homeopathic is used; (vi) On basis of results
obtained in (iv) and (v), suggest a treatment for patients. Justify your answer. 7

(b) Using the definition of conditional probability, explain the dependency of two events
𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵. Hence show that if events 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 are independent, 3
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵).
(c) If 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 are two independent events, prove that 4
(i) Events 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 𝑐 are independent.
(ii) Events 𝐴𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 𝑐 are independent.

6. (a) A training health program consists of two consecutive parts. To pass the program, the trainee
must pass both parts of the program. From the past experience, it is known that 90% of the
trainees pass the first part and 80% of those who pass the first part pass the second part. If
Mr. Smith is admitted to this program, what is the probability that he will pass the program?
3

(b) In a market, 60% of the light bulbs are produced by Company A and rest by Company B. It
is known that 4% of light bulbs are defective if bulbs are produced by Company A, while it
is 5% if bulbs are produced by Company B. If a light bulb is bought, find the probability
that (i) the bulb is non-defective and (ii) the bulb is defective. Also, find the probability that
the light bulb is produced by Company A if the bulb is defective. 5

(c) Consider an experiment of tossing three fair coins. The random variable, 𝑋 is defined as
number of heads appeared. Construct probability distribution for 𝑋 using a table and graph.
Also, suggest a formula for the probability distribution. 6

7. (a) Suppose that 40% of emails are spam. You want to design an “email filtering system” to deal
with spam. You have prepared a list of “spam words” (words and phrases that are usually
found in spam). If an email is spam, it contains spam words with probability 0.90. On the
other hand, a regular email contains spam words with probability 0.05. 6

(i) What is the probability that a randomly chosen email contains spam words?

(ii) If the email contain spam words, what is the probability that it is spam?
 (b) Suppose that 𝑋 is a discrete random variable. If 𝑎 and 𝑏 are two constants, show that
4
(i) 𝐸(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑋) = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝐸(𝑋)

(ii) 𝑉𝑎𝑟 (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑋) = 𝑏 2 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋).

(c) The density of 𝑋 is given below. Calculate P(1.8  X  2.1) . 4

 3x 2
 , 0 x2
f ( x) =  8
0,
 otherwise

8. (a) The joint density of X and Y is given below. Find (i) the marginal density of X
(ii) P(Y  0.50 | X = 0.25). 4
 x + y, 0  x  1, 0  y  1
f ( x, y ) = 
0, otherwise

(b) The probability density function of X is given below. Obtain the moment generating
function of X. 6
1
f ( x) = exp( − x 2 / 2), −   x  
2

(c) Use the result obtained in Question 8(b) to obtain the mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis
of X. 4

The End