FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

UR6526003 – BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY (CONSTRUCTION)

LABORATORY REPORT
AMK21003 – MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL
COURSE CODE/TITLE:
SAFETY AND HEALTH
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: ILLUMINATION ASSEMENT – LIGTHING SURVEY
GROUP: GROUP 4
LECTURER/TEACHING
DR. RAGUNATHAN
ENGINEER:

STUDENT’S NAME MATRIC NO

SHRUTI A/P CHANDRAN 22333513

Score, S Weightage, Marks

Assessment Criterion
(1 - 5) W (S x W)
Result – Data, Graph, Calculation 5 / 25
Discussion 6 / 30
Discussion Questions 5 / 25
Conclusion 3 / 15
Format and overall presentation 1 /5
TOTAL / 100

DECLARATION

I, the undersigned, declare that this submission is my own work entirely, except where assistance
and sources of information have been suitably acknowledged. I also declare that none of the work
in this laboratory has been previously or concurrently submitted for any other laboratory report at
UniMAP or any other institutions.

Student’s Signature

Date:
CONTENT : PAGE :
1. Cover Page 1
2. Title 3
2. Objectives 3
3. Introduction 3
4. Procedure 4-5
5. Result 6
6. Discussion 6
7. Questions 7-9
8. Conclusion 10
9. Reference 10
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 AMK 21003 – MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

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LABORATORY WORK : 5

TITLE : ILLUMINATION ASSEMENT – LIGTHING SURVEY

1.0 OBJECTIVE :
To determine the luminous intensity of (2 x 36W) batten type light fittings

2.0 INTRODUCTION :
Illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on the surface per unit area. It measures how
the incident light illuminates a surface, and the wavelength is weighted by an intensity
function to correlate with human perception of brightness. In the same way, luminosity is the
light beam per unit area emitted from the surface. Illuminance and luminous intensity can be
calculated through this experiment by using formula of E = I/d^2×cos θ.

Precautions:
Care must be taken to ensure that light incident on the sensor is not obstructed by the operator
or any objects that are not part of the measurement such as shields or reflections.
Check the zero setting on the scale when the sensor is fully covered.
Check the condition of the battery in the instrument.The artificial light source (fluorescent
lamps) should be switched on for about 15 minutes before the measurements are taken in
order to allow for the lamps to be completely warmed up. If the luminary (light fitting) is of
the fully enclosed type, a longer stabilization time is needed.

*Reference Standard: IES Lighting Handbook, Tenth Edition

Given the Illuminance Formula (or Cosine Law of Illuminance) is:

E = I/d^2 × cosθ

where,
E = Illuminance (or density of luminous flux) reaching a surface (lm/m2 or lux)
I = Luminous intensity or strength of a light source (candle power or candela, cd)
d = Distance between light source and surface (m)
Find the luminous intensity of the lights.
Conversion:
1 candela = 12.57 lumen
1cd/m2 = 12.57 lm/m2 (lux)
Note : E (artificial light) = E (lights ON) – E (lights OFF)
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3.0 PROCEDURE :

Step 1: First download the app ‘ Lux Light Meter ’ in smart phone.

Figure 1 : Dowload app ‘Lux Light Meter’.

Step 2: Choose a lacation and experiment with how lux readings change with distance from a
fixed light source. Observe and conduct an ocular inspection at the common parts and
measure the corresponding illumination level in lux.

Figure 2 : Choose a location in BK 1,BK16 and DK 2.

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Step 3: Stand directly under a ceiling light, hold your phone with the screen facing up, and
move the phone down. Alternatively, hold the phone sideways and aim it towards a
floor lamp as you walk closer to farther away from the lamp.

Figure 3: Stand directly under a ceiling light move the phone down walk closer to farther
away from the lamp.

Step 4: Now, compare different artificial light sources at the same distance.

Figure 4: Compare different artificial light sources at the same distance.

Step 5: Finally, measure ambient light levels in different locations. Turn off all sources of
artificial light.
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Materials: Light meter app, Data SheetsInputs: Individual records of observed illumination
readings
Outputs: Accomplished Data Sheets, including assessments of the readings taken.

4.0 RESULT

E( Luminous Meter)
No Location a(m) b(m) d(m) Light On Light Off Light On –
Light Off
1 Horizontal on floor 44 30 10 191.50 2 189.50
(Bilik Kuliah 16)
2 Horizontal on waist 44 30 10 238.25 3 235.25
(Bilik Kuliah 16)
3 Horizontal on floor 44 32 10 337.25 79 258.25
(Bilik Kuliah 1)
4 Horizontal on waist 44 32 10 399.50 121 278.50
(Bilik Kuliah 1)
5 Horizontal on floor 41 52 10 105.75 0.5 105.25
(Dewan Kuliah 2)
6 Horizontal on waist 41 52 10 228 3 225
(Dewan Kuliah 2)

Table 1 : Results of E Luminous Meter.

5.0 DISCUSSION :

The experiment was carried out by facing the of the smartphone towards the source of
the light and the illuminance readings were expressed on the smartphone. Based on the
obtained data, the illuminance against distance was calculate both of
the light source. The results of this experiment have successfully shown the relationship
between illumination of light and the distance from a point source. For cylindrical sources,
the illumination drops in a one over distance. Thus, it than be concluded that the inverse law
does not valid for all sources that are not considered point light sources and it is dependent on
wavefront shape as well. Evaluate the visual and energy performance of the lighting
installation by lighting level, visual comfort, energy efficiency and glare control.
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6.0 QUESTIONS

1. Calculate the luminous intensity, I (cd) of the light source in different locations in the
building laboratory from the experiment.

Horizontal on floor (Bilik Kuliah 16)

E (artificial light) = 191.50 (Lights ON) – 2 (Lights OFF)
= 189.5 lx
 
E = I / d2
189.5 = I / 102

I = 189.5 x 102
I = 18950 cd

Horizontal on waist (Bilik Kuliah 16)

E (artificial light) = 238.25 (Lights ON) – 3 (Lights OFF)
= 235.25 lx
 
E = I / d2
235.25 = I / 102

I = 235.25 x 102
I = 23525 cd

Horizontal on floor (Bilik Kuliah 1)

E (artificial light) = 337.25 (Lights ON) – 79 (Lights OFF)
= 258.25 lx
 
E = I / d2
258.25 = I / 102

I = 258.25 x 102
I = 25828 cd
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LABORATORY WORKSHEET

Horizontal on waist (Bilik Kuliah 1)

E (artificial light) = 399.50 (Lights ON) – 121 (Lights OFF)
= 278.50 lx
 
E = I / d2
278.50 = I / 102

I =278.50 x 102
I = 27850 cd

Horizontal on floor (Dewan Kuliah 2)

E (artificial light) = 105.75 (Lights ON) – 0.5 (Lights OFF)
= 105.25 lx
 
E = I / d2
105.25 = I / 102

I = 105.25 x 102
I = 10525 cd

Horizontal on waist (Dewan Kuliah 2)

E (artificial light) = 228 (Lights ON) – 3 (Lights OFF)
= 225 lx
 
E = I / d2
225 = I / 102

I = 225 x 102
I = 22500 cd
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2. Compare the results of illuminance, E (lux) obtained from your experiments in the various
rooms with values obtained from standard lighting requirements. What are some typical
values of service illuminance for (a) street lighting (b) hallway (c) home (d) classroom (e)
office (f) shop display? Comment on your findings.
a) Street Lighting – 100~200 lx  
b) Hallway – 100~200 lx
c) Home –150~300 lx
d) Classroom – 300~500 lx
e) Office – 300~750 lx
f) Shop Display –300~750 lx

Generally, factors that affect the effectiveness of illumination are quantity and quality of
light, amount of flicker, amount of glare, contrast and shadows. Each factor must be adjusted
differently to optimize illumination in emergency, safety, operations, and security situations,
for instance. Lighting Standards also serve to address the plethora of other concerns
associated with the design, placement, installation, and minimum energy requirements and
efficient allocation of illumination in different locations with different  purposes, as well as
the efficiency, durability, cost, and maintainability.

3. Discuss some considerations affecting lighting design in buildings.

a.) Light quantity: Depands on the nature of the task and the light output of lamp and
luminaire.

b.) Nature light : May be used as a complete source of light or to supplement artificial light
sources.

c.) Colour quality : Depands on the requirments of the task and the colour rendering
properties of the source.

d.) Glare : Depands upon the brightness and contrast of light source and surface and the
viewing angles.

e.) Directional quality : Depands on the three dimensional effect required and the nature of
the lamp and luminaire.

f.) Energy use : Depands on the initial cost of the fitting the cost of replacing the lamp
including labour and the electricity consumption of the lamps.

g.) Physical properties : Include size,appearance and durability of fitting.

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7.0 CONCLUSION
The number of lamp in a classroom is very important for the  person who stay there or doing
the work at there. It is because if too many lamp in that place, the luminous intensity at there
will high this will cause the person working at there felling unsatisfactory and inappropriate.
If too less lamp also will cause the worker unsatisfactory and inappropriate. So the lighting
standards are important to design the light in that place cant too high and cant too low must
appropriate. In conclusion, this experiment has improve my knowledge about Illuminance.
Thus, good lighting plays an important role in safeguarding health by enabling people to
perform their work in good efficiency.

8.0 REFERENCE
Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health for Lighting at Workplace. Department of
Occupational Safety and Health, Malaysia 2018