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Lecture 1

The document provides an overview of computer communication networks and the Internet. It defines what a computer network and the Internet are, including that the Internet is a network of networks that connects millions of computing devices. It describes the key components of networks, including end systems, access networks, physical media, routers, and protocols that control communication. The document also gives examples of different access network technologies like dial-up, DSL, and wireless networks.

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Ciyene Lekaota
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views

Lecture 1

The document provides an overview of computer communication networks and the Internet. It defines what a computer network and the Internet are, including that the Internet is a network of networks that connects millions of computing devices. It describes the key components of networks, including end systems, access networks, physical media, routers, and protocols that control communication. The document also gives examples of different access network technologies like dial-up, DSL, and wireless networks.

Uploaded by

Ciyene Lekaota
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Computer Communication and

Networks I
Overview
Introduction
Our goal: Overview:
 get “feel” and  what’s the Internet?
terminology  what’s a protocol?
 more depth, detail later  network edge; hosts, access net,
in course physical media
 approach:
 network core: packet/circuit
 use Internet as
switching, Internet structure
example
 performance: loss, delay, throughput
 security
 protocol layers, service models

CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 2


What is a Computer Network?
 A communication network is a set of nodes
connected by links and able to communicate with
one another
 A computer network is a communication network in
which nodes are computers.
 The purpose of the network is to serve users, which
can be humans or processes.
 Network links can be point-to-point or multipoint
and implemented with several transmission media.
 Information exchanged can be represented in
multiple media (audio, text, video, images, etc.)
 Services provided to users can vary widely.
CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 3
What’s the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view
PC  millions of connected Mobile network
server
computing devices: hosts =
Global ISP
end systems
wireless
laptop  running network apps
cellular
handheld Home network
Regional ISP
communication links
 fiber, copper, radio,
access
points satellite
Institutional network
wired  transmission rate =
links
bandwidth

router

CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 4


“Cool” internet appliances

Web-enabled toaster +
weather forecaster

IP picture frame
http://www.ceiva.com/

World’s smallest web server


http://www-ccs.cs.umass.edu/~shri/iPic.html Internet phones

CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 5


What’s the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view
 protocols control sending, receiving Mobile network
of msgs
Global ISP
 e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP,
Ethernet
 Internet: “network of networks”
Home network
 loosely hierarchical
Regional ISP
 public Internet versus
private intranet
 Internet standards
Institutional network
 RFC: Request for comments
 IETF: Internet Engineering
Task Force

CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 6


What’s the Internet: a service view
 communication
infrastructure enables
distributed applications:
 Web, VoIP, email, games,
e-commerce, file sharing
 communication services
provided to apps:
 reliable data delivery
from source to
destination
 “best effort” (unreliable)
data delivery
CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 7
What’s a protocol?
human protocols: network protocols:
 “what’s the time?”  machines rather than
 “I have a question” humans
 introductions  all communication
activity in Internet
governed by protocols
… specific msgs sent
… specific actions protocols define format, order of
taken when msgs msgs sent and received among
received, or other network entities, and actions
events taken on msg transmission,
receipt, or timeout

CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 8


What’s a protocol?
a human protocol and a computer network protocol:

Hi
TCP connection
Hi request
TCP connection
Got the response
time? Get http://www.awl.com/kurose-ross
2:00
<file>
Q: Other human protocols? time

CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 9


A closer look at network structure:
 network edge:
applications and
hosts
 access networks,
physical media:
wired, wireless
communication links
 network core:
 interconnected routers
 network of networks

CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 10


The network edge:
 end systems (hosts):
 run application programs
 e.g. Web, email
 at “edge of network” peer-peer

 client/server model
 client host requests, receives
service from always-on server
client/server
 e.g. Web browser/server;
email client/server
peer-peer model:
 minimal (or no) use of dedicated
servers
 e.g. Skype, BitTorrent
CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 11
Access networks and physical media
Q: How to connect end systems
to edge router?
 residential access nets
 institutional access networks
(school, company)
 mobile access networks

Keep in mind:
 bandwidth (bits per second)
of access network?
 shared or dedicated?

CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 12


Dial-up Modem
central
office
telephone
network Internet

home ISP
home
dial-up modem
PC
modem (e.g., LEO)

 Uses existing telephony infrastructure


 Home is connected to central office
 up to 56Kbps direct access to router (often less)
 Can’t surf and phone at same time: not “always on”
CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 13
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Existing phone line: Internet
0-4KHz phone; 4-50KHz
home upstream data; 50KHz-1MHz
phone downstream data

DSLAM

telephone
splitter network

DSL
central
modem
office
home
PC

 Also uses existing telephone infrastructure


 up to 1 Mbps upstream (today typically < 256 kbps)
 up to 8 Mbps downstream (today typically < 1 Mbps)
 dedicated physical line to telephone central office

CNT122 - Computer Communications and Networks I 14

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