Introduction

Project Overview

We aim to become a pioneer in the vehicle rental industry by

completely focusing on customers, our employees, growth, innovation and efficiency. All of
these elements will drive us towards success and show us as one company that can perform
and give value for money.

Product Description

When it comes to cab rental services, Cool Service is the most trusted and reliable name in
the travel business. The most advanced travel agents offering cab rental and car hire in India,
making full use of information technology to improve the level of our efficiency. However,
this is only one aspect of services. And this project continually strives to offer the best of
services - both in terms of man and machine, to our clients
Moreover, this project has a fleet of cars ranging from luxury to budget cabs. While, it offers
online cab hire service for corporate houses. And this project claim to offer the best of rates,
which are tailor-made depending upon the facilities, availed and offer both intercity and intra-
city cab facilities. All cabs have proper permits and documentation so that the clients couldn't
be hassled for the lack of documents. However, this project has strategic backup system for
any eventuality. Cab drivers are educated, polite, and reliable and are trained to handle acute
breakdowns. The cab service includes all categories of cars from luxury to budget.
Further, this project’s utmost priority is quality. To achieve this, vehicles are well maintained
and tested for delivering optimum and uninterrupted performance. Team of professionals in
the travel business enables this system to design trips that suits to all budgets and preferences
of the travelers. In addition, workforce including drivers and administrative staff are well
trained to discharge their duties with a lot of efficiency.
Modules of the Projects:
> Admin module > HR module
> Maintenance module > Movement module
>Finance module > Quality Assurance module
 INDUSTRY PROFILE
The Software industry includes business for development, maintenance and publication of
software that are using different business models, mainly either “license/ maintenance basd” or “
Cloud Based” (such as SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, MBaaS, MSaaS, DCaaS, etc.) The industry also include
software services such as training, documentation, consulting and date recovery. The software and
computer services industry spends mote than 11% of its net sales for Research & Development which
is in comparison with other industries the second highest share after pharmaceuticals &
biotechnology.

The first company founded to provide software products and services was Computer
Usage Company in 1955.[2] Before that time, computers were programmed either by
customers, or the few commercial computer vendors of the time, such as Sperry
Rand and IBM.

The software industry expanded in the early 1960s, almost immediately after
computers were first sold in mass-produced quantities. Universities, government, and
business customers created a demand for software. Many of these programs were written in-
house by full-time staff programmers. Some were distributed freely between users of a
particular machine for no charge. Others were done on a commercial basis, and other firms
such as Computer Sciences Corporation (founded in 1959) started to grow. Other influential
or typical software companies begun in the early 1960s included Advanced Computer
techniques, Automatic Data Processing, Applied Data Research, and Informatics
General.[3][4] The computer/hardware makers started bundling operating systems, systems
software and programming environments with their machines.

When Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) brought a relatively low-

priced microcomputer to market, it brought computing within the reach of many more
companies and universities worldwide, and it spawned great innovation in terms of new,
powerful programming languages and methodologies. New software was built for
microcomputers, so other manufacturers including IBM, followed DEC's example quickly,
resulting in the IBM AS/400 amongst others.

The industry expanded greatly with the rise of the personal computer ("PC") in the
mid-1970s, which brought desktop computing to the office worker for the first time. In the
following years, it also created a growing market for games, applications, and
utilities. DOS, Microsoft's first operating system product, was the dominant operating
system at the time.

In the early years of the 21st century, another successful business model has arisen
for hosted software, called software-as-a-service, or SaaS; this was at least the third
time[citation needed] this model had been attempted. From the point of view of producers of
some proprietary software, SaaS reduces the concerns about unauthorized copying, since it
can only be accessed through the Web, and by definition no client software is loaded onto
the end user's PC.

Size Of Industry
The global software products market amounts to US$968.25 billion in 2021 and had a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4%. Major companies include
Microsoft, HP, Oracle, Dell and IBM.

Business models within the software industry

Business models of software companies have been widely discussed. Network
effects in software ecosystems, networks of companies, and their customers are an important
element in the strategy of software companies.
 COMPANY PROFILE
Company Name: SINFO TECH PRIATE LIMITED

Industry: Software Services & IT Industry

Founder& Chairman: SIIVA RAM KRESHNA. VASANTHA

Founded: 07th May 2020

Head Quarters: Vijayawada

Country: India

Area Served: India

About Sinfo Tech Private Limited

SINFO TECH is a leader in IT services, digital and business solutions. We partner
with our clients to simplify, strengthen and transform their businesses to help them reach
success. We ensure the highest levels of certainty and satisfaction through our deep-rooted
commitments.

With our comprehensive industry expertise, network of innovation and delivery centers, we
make sure that all our clients get exactly what they want.

Established in 2020, SINFO TECH has grown to significant heights. Through our outstanding
service record, collaborative partnerships, innovation and corporate responsibility, we have
become a significant player in IT services.

Vision
Our vision is to contribute to the success of our clients. We contribute to our client’s
success in whatever enormity by ensuring that we understand the complete picture.

Our vision is to deliver so much value to our customers that they know that we are
their strategic partners for success.

Our vision is to ensure that we grow because our clients grow.

SINFO TECH prides itself on the long-term relationships

SINFO TECH has worked extensively on multiple technologies spanning various

domains addressing issues in various industries. The Company has evolved over time and has
built in-house proficiencies and expertise in various areas from:

• Mobile App development

• Web development

• Backend process automation

• Parallel Processing systems

• Systems with large transactional volumes requiring distributed processing

• Systems with inbuilt redundancy both within a facility and across multiple facilities
 Leadership
Siiva Ram Kreshna Vasantha
(Founder & Chairman)

He started SINFO TECH with a vision to create an organization that combined IT

with innovative ideas to build solutions that benefited a wide range of users and industries.
Exceptionally Self- Motivated and Directed. He analyzes, evaluates and motivates team-
oriented collaborative environment. A part from handling the end-to-end chain of work and
with 10 years of experience in corporate development emerging business.

He Post Graduated from the Business Management and Business Administration

Program from the University of Andhra. He has a B.S. in Computer Science from the
Acharya Nagarjuna University.

Aravind Krishna Kurapati

(Chief Operating Officer)

He holds a Degree in Software Engineering from Madras University. He has been

Director - Operations of SINFO TECH. He is considered a pioneer in the field, highly
respected amongst his peers and his views are sought in the field of software technology.

Srinivasarao Gude

(Director – F&A)

Gude Srinivasa Rao has a proven record of success in financial and operations
management and leadership. He has appeared ICAI and holds a B. Com in Accounting from
the Acharya Nagarjuna University. He has vast experience in Internal Operations.
Koganti Sukanya Chowdary
Associate Director – Technical

She holds a Degree in Computer Science Engineering from JNTU. She has been
Associate Director - Technical of SINFO TECH. She has instituted ground breaking software
development practices ensuring optimal utilization of resources, on time delivery and best in
class software quality and services all geared towards ensuring customer satisfaction for
SINFO TECH.

Siva Krishna Gorla

Project Manager and Tech Lead

He holds a Master Degree in Computer Science Engineering from JNTU. He has been
Project Manager and Tech Lead of SINFO TECH. And he has over 10+ years of experience
In corporate development and emerging business. He leads the technical team with precision
and passion. Siva encourage team work, approach and innovation.
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF THE
PROJECT
Existing System

Cool cab Service is an innovative thought to simplify the Transportation problems

of Employees of an organization. In the present System, Organization do maintain a person
for the allocating and proper functioning of transportation. The Person appointed needs to
look after the assigning and movement of cabs. Authorized person maintains the
transportation details in papers, which is a tedious task if any updating or changes need to be
done.

 Details are stored in Papers.

 Maintenance is a huge problem.

 Updating, changes in details is a tedious task.

 Performance is not achieved up to the requirements.

Proposed System

In the Previous System, Details are Stored Manually in papers, to share the details
between employees was a financial drawback. Updating in the details is a tedious task.

But a new system was proposed to overcome the above drawbacks.

Functionalities and advantages of proposed system are:

 Data is Centralized which has overcome the Sharing problem in previous system.

 As data is Maintained electronically, it’s easy for a person to update the details, which
has overcome the tedious updation in previous system.

 Maintenance is easy and performance is good.

 Mainly the system has automated the Transportation Process.

Feasibility Report
Feasibility Report
Preliminary investigation examines project feasibility, the likelihood the system
will be useful to the organization. The main objective of the feasibility study is to test the
Technical, Operational and Economical feasibility for adding new modules and
debugging old running system. All system is feasible if they are unlimited resources and
infinite time. There are aspects in the feasibility study portion of the preliminary
investigation:

 Technical Feasibility
 Operation Feasibility
 Economic Feasibility
Technical Feasibility
The technical issue usually raised during the feasibility stage of the investigation
includes the following:

 Does the necessary technology exist to do what is suggested?

 Do the proposed equipment’s have the technical capacity to hold the data required to
use the new system?
 Will the proposed system provide adequate response to inquiries, regardless of the
number or location of users?
 Can the system be upgraded if developed?
 Are there technical guarantees of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and data
security?

Earlier no system existed to cater to the needs of ‘Secure Infrastructure

Implementation System’. The current system developed is technically feasible. It is a web
based user interface for audit workflow at NIC-CSD. Thus it provides an easy access to the
users. The database’s purpose is to create, establish and maintain a workflow among various
entities in order to facilitate all concerned users in their various capacities or roles.
Permission to the users would be granted based on the roles specified.
Operational Feasibility

Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned out into information
system. That will meet the organization’s operating requirements. Operational feasibility
aspects of the project are to be taken as an important part of the project implementation.
Some of the important issues raised are to test the operational feasibility of a project includes
the following: -

 Is there sufficient support for the management from the users?

 Will the system be used and work properly if it is being developed and implemented?
 Will there be any resistance from the user that will undermine the possible application
benefits?
This system is targeted to be in accordance with the above-mentioned issues.
Beforehand, the management issues and user requirements have been taken into
consideration. So there is no question of resistance from the users that can undermine the
possible application benefits.

Economic Feasibility

A system can be developed technically and that will be used if installed must still be a good
investment for the organization. In the economical feasibility, the development cost in
creating the system is evaluated against the ultimate benefit derived from the new systems.
Financial benefits must equal or exceed the costs.
System Design
Module design:
Software design sits at the technical kernel of the software engineering process and is
applied regardless of the development paradigm and area of application. Design is the first
step in the development phase for any engineered product or system. The designer’s goal is to
produce a model or representation of an entity that will later be built. Beginning, once system
requirement have been specified and analyzed, system design is the first of the three technical
activities -design, code and test that is required to build and verify software.

The importance can be stated with a single word “Quality”. Design is the place where
quality is fostered in software development. Design provides us with representations of
software that can assess for quality. Design is the only way that we can accurately translate a
customer’s view into a finished software product or system. Software design serves as a
foundation for all the software engineering steps that follow. Without a strong design we risk
building an unstable system – one that will be difficult to test, one whose quality cannot be
assessed until the last stage.

During design, progressive refinement of data structure, program structure, and

procedural details are developed reviewed and documented. System design can be viewed
from either technical or project management perspective. From the technical point of view,
design is comprised of four activities – architectural design, data structure design, interface
design and procedural design.
DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analyze movement of data
through a system. These are the central tool and the basis from which the other components
are developed. The transformation of data from input to output, through processed, may be
described logically and independently of physical components associated with the system.
These are known as the logical data flow diagrams. The physical data flow diagrams show
the actual implements and movement of data between people, departments and workstations.
A full description of a system actually consists of a set of data flow diagrams. Using two
familiar notations Yourdon, Gane and Sarson notation develops the data flow diagrams. Each
component in a DFD is labeled with a descriptive name. Process is further identified with a
number that will be used for identification purpose. The development of DFD’S is done in
several levels. Each process in lower level diagrams can be broken down into a more
detailed DFD in the next level. The lop-level diagram is often called context diagram. It
consists a single process bit, which plays vital role in studying the current system. The
process in the context level diagram is exploded into other process at the first level DFD.

The idea behind the explosion of a process into more process is that understanding at
one level of detail is exploded into greater detail at the next level. This is done until further
explosion is necessary and an adequate amount of detail is described for analyst to understand
the process.

Larry Constantine first developed the DFD as a way of expressing system

requirements in a graphical from, this lead to the modular design.

A DFD is also known as a “bubble Chart” has the purpose of clarifying system
requirements and identifying major transformations that will become programs in system
design. So it is the starting point of the design to the lowest level of detail. A DFD consists
of a series of bubbles joined by data flows in the system.
DFD SYMBOLS:

In the DFD, there are four symbols

1. A square defines a source(originator) or destination of system data

2. An arrow identifies data flow. It is the pipeline through which the information flows
3. A circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into outgoing
data flows.
4. An open rectangle is a data store, data at rest or a temporary repository of data

Process that transforms data flow.

Source or Destination of data

Data flow

Data Store
CONSTRUCTING A DFD:

Several rules of thumb are used in drawing DFD’S:

1. Process should be named and numbered for an easy reference. Each name should be
representative of the process.
2. The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. Data traditionally flow
from source to the destination although they may flow back to the source. One way to
indicate this is to draw long flow line back to a source. An alternative way is to repeat the
source symbol as a destination. Since it is used more than once in the DFD it is marked
with a short diagonal.
3. When a process is exploded into lower level details, they are numbered.
4. The names of data stores and destinations are written in capital letters. Process and
dataflow names have the first letter of each work capitalized

A DFD typically shows the minimum contents of data store. Each data store should
contain all the data elements that flow in and out.
SAILENT FEATURES OF DFD’S

1. The DFD shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision are controlled
considerations do not appear on a DFD.
2. The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the dataflow
take place daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.
3. The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD.

TYPES OF DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

1. Current Physical
2. Current Logical
3. New Logical
4. New Physical
CURRENT PHYSICAL:
In Current Physical DFD process label include the name of people or their positions
or the names of computer systems that might provide some of the overall system-processing
label includes an identification of the technology used to process the data. Similarly data
flows and data stores are often labels with the names of the actual physical media on which
data are stored such as file folders, computer files, business forms or computer tapes.

CURRENT LOGICAL:

The physical aspects at the system are removed as much as possible so that the current
system is reduced to its essence to the data and the processors that transform them regardless
of actual physical form.

NEW LOGICAL:

This is exactly like a current logical model if the user were completely happy with the
user were completely happy with the functionality of the current system but had problems
with how it was implemented typically through the new logical model will differ from current
logical model while having additional functions, absolute function removal and inefficient
flows recognized.

NEW PHYSICAL:

The new physical represents only the physical implementation of the new system.

RULES GOVERNING THE DFD’S

PROCESS
1) No process can have only outputs.
2) No process can have only inputs. If an object has only inputs than it must be a sink.
3) A process has a verb phrase label.
DATA STORE

1) Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store, a process must move
data.
2) Data cannot move directly from an outside source to a data store, a process, which
receives, must move data from the source and place the data into data store
3) A data store has a noun phrase label.

SOURCE OR SINK

The origin and /or destination of data.

1) Data cannot move direly from a source to sink it must be moved by a process
2) A source and /or sink has a noun phrase land

DATA FLOW
1) A Data Flow has only one direction of flow between symbols. It may flow in both
directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update. The later
is usually indicated however by two separate arrows since these happen at different type.
2) A join in DFD means that exactly the same data comes from any of two or more different
processes data store or sink to a common location.
3) A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leads. There must be at least
one other process that handles the data flow produce some other data flow returns the
original data into the beginning process.
4) A Data flow to a data store means update (delete or change).
5) A data Flow from a data store means retrieve or use.

A data flow has a noun phrase label more than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a
single arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.
Level 0 Diagram:

Admin Cool Cab User

Services

Cool Cab Admin

User Services
Level 1 Diagram Admin:

HR
Manager

Maintanance
Manager

Id & Password Valid Id &

Admin Register Movement
Password
InValid Id & Manager
Password

Finance
Manager

Quality
Assurance
DB
Manager
Level 2 Diagram Maintenance manager:

Driver
Details

Vendor
Details

Maintenance Id & Password Valid Id&

Maintain Vehicle
Manager Invalid Id& Password
Password Details

Spare part
Details

DB
Spare part
Billing
Level 2 Diagram Movement manager:

Ro ute
Trip Details
Sheet

Driver
Shift
Details

Movement Id & Password Valid Id&

Maintain Route
Manager Invalid Id& Password
Password
Search

Shift
Search

DB
Vehicle
Vehicle
Allocation
Search
Level 2 Diagram Finance manager:

Vehicle
Billing

Finance Id & Password Valid Id&

Maintain Vendor
Manager Invalid Id& Password
Password
Billing

View
Profile

DB
Level 2 Diagram Quality Assurance manager:

Accident
Details

Quality Id & Password Valid Id&

Assurance Maintain
Password Feed Back
Manager Invalid Id&
Password

View
Profile

DB
UML Diagrams

Use Case:

Admin:

Cre ate
Ac coun ts

Ma intain
Ac count
Details

Adm in

Login

HR Manager:

Employee
Information

Shift Timing
Information

Shift Shedule
Information
HR Manager

Batch Details

View Hr manager
profile
Maintenance Manager:

Drier
Details

Vendor
Details

Vehicle
Details
Maintenance
Manager

spare part
Details

spare part
billing

Finance Manager:

Vehicle
Billing

Vendor
Billing
Finance
Manager
View
Profile
Movement Manager:

Trip
Sheert

Route
Details

Driver shift
Details

Route
search
Movement
Manager
shift
search

Vehicle
search

Vehicle
Allocation

Quality Assurance Manager:

Accident
Details

Feed back
Quality
Assurance
Manager View
Profile
Sequence Diagram:

M ain ten a nce Movem ent F in an ce Qu ali ty

Ad m in HR Manag er Assu ranc e
Ma n ager M anager Manag er
M anager

R eg ister
Regis ter

Regis ter

Regis ter

R egis ter

A c cident Details
Ma intain E mp
D etails M a intain S hift ,R oute B illin g Details
V eh icleDet ails D etails

Class Diagram:

Admin
Usr Id
Password

Register Accounts
View Details

Maintanance Movement Finance Manager Quality Assurance

HR Manager Manager
Manager Manager
User Id User Id
User Id User Id
Password User Id Password
Password Password
Password
EmpInformation Vehicle billing
Route Details Accident Details
Shift Timing info Driver Details vendor billing
Route Search Feed Back
Shift Shedule- Vendor Details View Profile
Driver Shft Details View Profile
information Vehicle Details
Batch Details Spare part details VehicleSearch
spare part billing Shift Details
State Chart Diagram:

Admin
Register

Employee

provide Cab
Services

Feed Back
Implementation of Project
Description of Technology Used in Project.

INTRODUCTION TO ASP.NET Framework

The .NET Framework is a new computing platform that simplifies application development
in the highly distributed environment of the Internet. The .NET Framework is designed to
fulfill the following objectives:

 To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code is

stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or executed
remotely.
 To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software deployment and
versioning conflicts.
 To provide a code-execution environment that guarantees safe execution of code,
including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party.
 To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the performance problems of
scripted or interpreted environments.
 To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying types of applications,
such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications.
 To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on the .NET
Framework can integrate with any other code.

The .NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components that load the common
language runtime into their processes and initiate the execution of managed code, thereby
creating a software environment that can exploit both managed and unmanaged features. The
.NET Framework not only provides several runtime hosts, but also supports the development
of third-party runtime hosts.

FEATURES OF THE COMMON LANGUAGE RUNTIME

The common language runtime manages memory, thread execution, code execution,
code safety verification, compilation, and other system services. These features are intrinsic
to the managed code that runs on the common language runtime.
With regards to security, managed components are awarded varying degrees of trust,
depending on a number of factors that include their origin (such as the Internet, enterprise
network, or local computer). This means that a managed component might or might not be
able to perform file-access operations, registry-access operations, or other sensitive
functions, even if it is being used in the same active application.
The runtime enforces code access security. For example, users can trust that an
executable embedded in a Web page can play an animation on screen or sing a song, but
cannot access their personal data, file system, or network. The security features of the
runtime thus enable legitimate Internet-deployed software to be exceptionally featuring rich.

The runtime also enforces code robustness by implementing a strict type- and code-
verification infrastructure called the common type system (CTS). The CTS ensures that all
managed code is self-describing. The various Microsoft and third-party language compilers

Generate managed code that conforms to the CTS. This means that managed code
can consume other managed types and instances, while strictly enforcing type fidelity and
type safety.
In addition, the managed environment of the runtime eliminates many common
software issues. For example, the runtime automatically handles object layout and manages
references to objects, releasing them when they are no longer being used. This automatic
memory management resolves the two most common application errors, memory leaks and
invalid memory references.

The runtime also accelerates developer productivity. For example, programmers can
write applications in their development language of choice, yet take full advantage of the
runtime, the class library, and components written in other languages by other developers.

.NET FRAMEWORK CLASS LIBRARY

The .NET Framework class library is a collection of reusable types that tightly
integrate with the common language runtime. The class library is object oriented, providing
types from which your own managed code can derive functionality. This not only makes the
.NET Framework types easy to use, but also reduces the time associated with learning new
features of the .NET Framework. In addition, third-party components can integrate
seamlessly with classes in the .NET Framework.
 For example, the .NET Framework collection classes implement a set of interfaces
that you can use to develop your own collection classes. Your collection classes will blend
seamlessly with the classes in the .NET Framework.
As you would expect from an object-oriented class library, the .NET Framework
types enable you to accomplish a range of common programming tasks, including tasks such
as string management, data collection, database connectivity, and file access. In addition to
these common tasks, the class library includes types that support a variety of specialized
development scenarios. For example, you can use the .NET Framework to develop the
mentioned types of applications and services:

i. Console applications.
ii. Scripted or hosted applications.
iii. Windows GUI applications (Windows Forms).
iv. ASP.NET applications.
v. XML Web services.
vi. Windows services.

For example, the Windows Forms classes are a comprehensive set of reusable types
that vastly simplify Windows GUI development. If you write an ASP.NET Web Form
application, you can use the Web Forms classes.

CLIENT APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

Client applications are the closest to a traditional style of application in Windows-

based programming. These are the types of applications that display windows or forms on
the desktop, enabling a user to perform a task. Client applications include applications such
as word processors and spreadsheets, as well as custom business applications such as data-
entry tools, reporting tools, and so on. Client applications usually employ windows, menus,
buttons, and other GUI elements, and they likely access local resources such as the file
system and peripherals such as printers.
Another kind of client application is the traditional ActiveX control (now replaced by
the managed Windows Forms control) deployed over the Internet as a Web page. This
application is much like other client applications: it is executed natively, has access to local
resources, and includes graphical elements.
 In the past, developers created such applications using C/C++ in conjunction with the
Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) or with a rapid application development (RAD)
environment such as Microsoft® Visual Basic®. The .NET Framework incorporates aspects
of these existing products into a single, consistent development environment that drastically
simplifies the development of client applications.
The Windows Forms classes contained in the .NET Framework are designed to be
used for GUI development. You can easily create command windows, buttons, menus,
toolbars, and other screen elements with the flexibility necessary to accommodate shifting
business needs.
For example, the .NET Framework provides simple properties to adjust visual
attributes associated with forms. In some cases the underlying operating system does not
support changing these attributes directly, and in these cases the .NET Framework
automatically recreates the forms. This is one of many ways in which the .NET Framework
integrates the developer interface, making coding simpler and more consistent.
ASP.NET

Server Application Development

Server-side applications in the managed world are implemented through runtime

hosts. Unmanaged applications host the common language runtime, which allows your
custom managed code to control the behavior of the server. This model provides you with all
the features of the common language runtime and class library while gaining the
performance and scalability of the host server.
The following illustration shows a basic network schema with managed code running
in different server environments. Servers such as IIS and SQL Server can perform standard
operations while your application logic executes through the managed code.

SERVER-SIDE MANAGED CODE

ASP.NET is the hosting environment that enables developers to use the .NET
Framework to target Web-based applications. However, ASP.NET is more than just a
runtime host; it is a complete architecture for developing Web sites and Internet-distributed
objects using managed code. Both Web Forms and XML Web services use IIS and
ASP.NET as the publishing mechanism for applications, and both have a collection of
supporting classes in the .NET Framework.
XML Web services, an important evolution in Web-based technology, are
distributed, server-side application components similar to common Web sites. However,
unlike Web-based applications, XML Web services components have no UI and are not
targeted for browsers such as Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. Instead, XML Web
services consist of reusable software components designed to be consumed by other
applications, such as traditional client applications, Web-based applications, or even other
XML Web services. As a result, XML Web services technology is rapidly moving
application development and deployment into the highly distributed environment of the
Internet.
ACTIVE SERVER PAGES.NET

ASP.NET is a programming framework built on the common language runtime that

can be used on a server to build powerful Web applications. ASP.NET offers several
important advantages over previous Web development models:

 Enhanced Performance. ASP.NET is compiled common language runtime code

running on the server. Unlike its interpreted predecessors, ASP.NET can take advantage
of early binding, just-in-time compilation, native optimization, and caching services right
out of the box. This amounts to dramatically better performance before you ever write a
line of code.
 World-Class Tool Support. The ASP.NET framework is complemented by a rich
toolbox and designer in the Visual Studio integrated development environment.
WYSIWYG editing, drag-and-drop server controls, and automatic deployment are just a
few of the features this powerful tool provides.
 Power and Flexibility. Because ASP.NET is based on the common language
runtime, the power and flexibility of that entire platform is available to Web application
developers. The .NET Framework class library, Messaging, and Data Access solutions
are all seamlessly accessible from the Web. ASP.NET is also language-independent, so
you can choose the language that best applies to your application or partition your
application across many languages. Further, common language runtime interoperability
guarantees that your existing investment in COM-based development is preserved when
migrating to ASP.NET.
 Simplicity. ASP.NET makes it easy to perform common tasks, from simple form
submission and client authentication to deployment and site configuration. For example,
the ASP.NET page framework allows you to build user interfaces that cleanly separate
application logic from presentation code and to handle events in a simple, Visual Basic -
like forms processing model. Additionally, the common language runtime simplifies
development, with managed code services such as automatic reference counting and
garbage collection.
 Manageability. ASP.NET employs a text-based, hierarchical configuration system,
which simplifies applying settings to your server environment and Web applications.
 Because configuration information is stored as plain text, new settings may be applied
without the aid of local administration tools. This "zero local administration" philosophy
extends to deploying ASP.NET Framework applications as well. An ASP.NET
Framework application is deployed to a server simply by copying the necessary files to
the server. No server restart is required, even to deploy or replace running compiled code.
 Scalability and Availability. ASP.NET has been designed with scalability in mind,
with features specifically tailored to improve performance in clustered and multiprocessor
environments. Further, processes are closely monitored and managed by the ASP.NET
runtime, so that if one misbehaves (leaks, deadlocks), a new process can be created in its
place, which helps keep your application constantly available to handle requests.
 Customizability and Extensibility. ASP.NET delivers a well-factored architecture
that allows developers to "plug-in" their code at the appropriate level. In fact, it is
possible to extend or replace any subcomponent of the ASP.NET runtime with your own
custom-written component. Implementing custom authentication or state services has
never been easier.
 Security. With built in Windows authentication and per-application configuration, you
can be assured that your applications are secure.

LANGUAGE SUPPORT

The Microsoft .NET Platform currently offers built-in support for three languages:
C#, Visual Basic, and JScript.
WHAT IS ASP.NET WEB FORMS?

The ASP.NET Web Forms page framework is a scalable common language runtime
programming model that can be used on the server to dynamically generate Web pages.
CODE-BEHIND WEB FORMS
ASP.NET supports two methods of authoring dynamic pages. The first is the method
shown in the preceding samples, where the page code is physically declared within the
originating .aspx file. An alternative approach--known as the code-behind method--enables
the page code to be more cleanly separated from the HTML content into an entirely separate
file.
INTRODUCTION TO ASP.NET SERVER CONTROLS
In addition to (or instead of) using <% %> code blocks to program dynamic content,
ASP.NET page developers can use ASP.NET server controls to program Web pages. Server
controls are declared within an .aspx file using custom tags or intrinsic HTML tags that
contain a runat="server" attributes value. Intrinsic HTML tags are handled by one of the
controls in the System.Web.UI.HtmlControls namespace. Any tag that doesn't explicitly
map to one of the controls is assigned the type of
System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlGenericControl.
Server controls automatically maintain any client-entered values between round trips
to the server. This control state is not stored on the server (it is instead stored within an
<input type="hidden"> form field that is round-tripped between requests). Note also that
no client-side script is required.
In addition to supporting standard HTML input controls, ASP.NET enables
developers to utilize richer custom controls on their pages. For example, the following
sample demonstrates how the <asp:adrotator> control can be used to dynamically display
rotating ads on a page.

1. ASP.NET Web Forms provide an easy and powerful way to build dynamic Web UI.
2. ASP.NET Web Forms pages can target any browser client (there are no script library or
cookie requirements).
3. ASP.NET Web Forms pages provide syntax compatibility with existing ASP pages.
4. ASP.NET server controls provide an easy way to encapsulate common functionality.
C#.NET

ADO.NET OVERVIEW

ADO.NET is an evolution of the ADO data access model that directly addresses user
requirements for developing scalable applications. It was designed specifically for the web
with scalability, statelessness, and XML in mind.
ADO.NET uses some ADO objects, such as the Connection and Command objects, and
also introduces new objects. Key new ADO.NET objects include the DataSet, DataReader,
and DataAdapter.

The important distinction between this evolved stage of ADO.NET and previous data
architectures is that there exists an object -- the DataSet -- that is separate and distinct from
any data stores. Because of that, the DataSet functions as a standalone entity. You can think
of the DataSet as an always disconnected recordset that knows nothing about the source or
destination of the data it contains. Inside a DataSet, much like in a database, there are tables,
columns, relationships, constraints, views, and so forth.

A DataAdapter is the object that connects to the database to fill the DataSet. Then,
it connects back to the database to update the data there, based on operations performed
while the DataSet held the data. In the past, data processing has been primarily connection-
based. Now, in an effort to make multi-tiered apps more efficient, data processing is turning
to a message-based approach that revolves around chunks of information. At the center of
this approach is the DataAdapter, which provides a bridge to retrieve and save data between
a DataSet and its source data store. It accomplishes this by means of requests to the
appropriate SQL commands made against the data store.

The XML-based DataSet object provides a consistent programming model that

works with all models of data storage: flat, relational, and hierarchical. It does this by having
no 'knowledge' of the source of its data, and by representing the data that it holds as

 Connections. For connection to and managing transactions against a database.

 Commands. For issuing SQL commands against a database.
 DataReaders. For reading a forward-only stream of data records from a SQL Server data
source.
 DataSets. For storing, Remoting and programming against flat data, XML data and
relational data.
 DataAdapters. For pushing data into a DataSet, and reconciling data against a database.

When dealing with connections to a database, there are two different options: SQL
Server .NET Data Provider (System.Data.SqlClient) and OLE DB .NET Data Provider
(System.Data.OleDb). In these samples we will use the SQL Server .NET Data Provider.
These are written to talk directly to Microsoft SQL Server. The OLE DB .NET Data
Provider is used to talk to any OLE DB provider (as it uses OLE DB underneath).

Connections:

Connections are used to 'talk to' databases, and are represented by provider-specific
classes such as SqlConnection. Commands travel over connections and resultsets are
returned in the form of streams which can be read by a DataReader object, or pushed into a
DataSet object.

Commands:
Commands contain the information that is submitted to a database, and are
represented by provider-specific classes such as SqlCommand. A command can be a stored
procedure call, an UPDATE statement, or a statement that returns results. You can also use
input and output parameters, and return values as part of your command syntax. The
example below shows how to issue an INSERT statement against the Northwind database.
DataReaders:
The DataReader object is somewhat synonymous with a read-only/forward-only
cursor over data. The DataReader API supports flat as well as hierarchical data. A
DataReader object is returned after executing a command against a database. The format of
the returned DataReader object is different from a recordset. For example, you might use
the DataReader to show the results of a search list in a web page.
DATASETS AND DATAADAPTERS:
DataSets
The DataSet object is similar to the ADO Recordset object, but more
powerful, and with one other important distinction: the DataSet is always disconnected. The
DataSet object represents a cache of data, with database-like structures such as tables,
columns, relationships, and constraints. However, though a DataSet can and does behave
much like a database, it is important to remember that DataSet objects do not interact
directly with databases, or other source data. This allows the developer to work with a
programming model that is always consistent, regardless of where the source data resides.
Data coming from a database, an XML file, from code, or user input can all be placed into
DataSet objects. Then, as changes are made to the DataSet they can be tracked and verified
before updating the source data. The GetChanges method of the DataSet object actually
creates a second DatSet that contains only the changes to the data. This DataSet is then used
by a DataAdapter (or other objects) to update the original data source.
The DataSet has many XML characteristics, including the ability to produce and consume
XML data and XML schemas. XML schemas can be used to describe schemas interchanged
via WebServices. In fact, a DataSet with a schema can actually be compiled for type safety
and statement completion.
DATAADAPTERS (OLEDB/SQL)
The DataAdapter object works as a bridge between the DataSet and the source data.
Using the provider-specific SqlDataAdapter (along with its associated SqlCommand and
SqlConnection) can increase overall performance when working with a Microsoft SQL
Server databases. For other OLE DB-supported databases, you would use the
OleDbDataAdapter object and its associated OleDbCommand and OleDbConnection
objects.
The DataAdapter object uses commands to update the data source after changes have
been made to the DataSet. Using the Fill method of the DataAdapter calls the SELECT
command; using the Update method calls the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE command for
each changed row. You can explicitly set these commands in order to control the statements
used at runtime to resolve changes, including the use of stored procedures. For ad-hoc
scenarios, a CommandBuilder object can generate these at run-time based upon a select
statement. However, this run-time generation requires an extra round-trip to the server in
order to gather required metadata, so explicitly providing the INSERT, UPDATE, and
DELETE commands at design time will result in better run-time performance.

1. ADO.NET is the next evolution of ADO for the .Net Framework.

2. ADO.NET was created with n-Tier, statelessness and XML in the forefront. Two new
objects, the DataSet and DataAdapter, are provided for these scenarios.
3. ADO.NET can be used to get data from a stream, or to store data in a cache for updates.
4. There is a lot more information about ADO.NET in the documentation.
5. Remember, you can execute a command directly against the database in order to do
inserts, updates, and deletes. You don't need to first put data into a DataSet in order to
insert, update, or delete it.
6. Also, you can use a DataSet to bind to the data, move through the data, and navigate data
relationships
SQL SERVER

A database management, or DBMS, gives the user access to their data and helps them
transform the data into information. Such database management systems include dBase,
paradox, IMS, SQL Server and SQL Server. These systems allow users to create, update and
extract information from their database.
A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to the characteristics of
people, things and events. SQL Server stores each data item in its own fields. In SQL
Server, the fields relating to a particular person, thing or event are bundled together to form a
single complete unit of data, called a record (it can also be referred to as raw or an
occurrence). Each record is made up of a number of fields. No two fields in a record can
have the same field name.

During an SQL Server Database design project, the analysis of your business needs
identifies all the fields or attributes of interest. If your business needs change over time, you
define any additional fields or change the definition of existing fields.
SQL SERVER TABLES
SQL Server stores records relating to each other in a table. Different tables are
created for the various groups of information. Related tables are grouped together to form a
database.

PRIMARY KEY
Every table in SQL Server has a field or a combination of fields that uniquely
identifies each record in the table. The Unique identifier is called the Primary Key, or simply
the Key. The primary key provides the means to distinguish one record from all other in a
table. It allows the user and the database system to identify, locate and refer to one particular
record in the database.
RELATIONAL DATABASE
Sometimes all the information of interest to a business operation can be stored in one
table. SQL Server makes it very easy to link the data in multiple tables. Matching an
employee to the department in which they work is one example. This is what makes SQL
Server a relational database management system, or RDBMS. It stores data in two or more
tables and enables you to define relationships between the table and enables you to define
relationships between the tables.
FOREIGN KEY
When a field is one table matches the primary key of another field is referred to as a
foreign key. A foreign key is a field or a group of fields in one table whose values match
those of the primary key of another table.
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY
Not only does SQL Server allow you to link multiple tables, it also maintains
consistency between them. Ensuring that the data among related tables is correctly matched
is referred to as maintaining referential integrity.
DATA ABSTRACTION
A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of the
data. This system hides certain details of how the data is stored and maintained. Data
abstraction is divided into three levels.
Physical level: This is the lowest level of abstraction at which one describes how the data
are actually stored.
Conceptual Level: At this level of database abstraction all the attributed and what data
are actually stored is described and entries and relationship among them.
View level: This is the highest level of abstraction at which one describes only part of the
database.

ADVANTAGES OF RDBMS

 Redundancy can be avoided

 Inconsistency can be eliminated
 Data can be Shared
 Standards can be enforced
 Security restrictions can be applied
 Integrity can be maintained
 Conflicting requirements can be balanced
 Data independence can be achieved.

DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS
A significant disadvantage of the DBMS system is cost. In addition to the cost of
purchasing of developing the software, the hardware has to be upgraded to allow for the
extensive programs and the workspace required for their execution and storage.
FEATURES OF SQL SERVER (RDBMS)
SQL SERVER is one of the leading database management systems (DBMS) because
it is the only Database that meets the uncompromising requirements of today’s most
demanding information systems. From complex decision support systems (DSS) to the most
rigorous online transaction processing (OLTP) application, even application that require
simultaneous DSS and OLTP access to the same critical data, SQL Server leads the industry
in both performance and capability
ENTERPRISE WIDE DATA SHARING
The unrivaled portability and connectivity of the SQL SERVER DBMS enables all
the systems in the organization to be linked into a singular, integrated computing resource.

PORTABILITY
SQL SERVER is fully portable to more than 80 distinct hardware and operating
systems platforms, including UNIX, MSDOS, OS/2, Macintosh and dozens of proprietary
platforms. This portability gives complete freedom to choose the database sever platform
that meets the system requirements.

OPEN SYSTEMS
SQL SERVER offers a leading implementation of industry –standard SQL. SQL
Server’s open architecture integrates SQL SERVER and non –SQL SERVER DBMS with
industries most comprehensive collection of tools, application, and third party software
products SQL Server’s Open architecture provides transparent access to data from other
relational database and even non-relational database.
DISTRIBUTED DATA SHARING
SQL Server’s networking and distributed database capabilities to access data stored
on remote server with the same ease as if the information was stored on a single local
computer. A single SQL statement can access data at multiple sites. You can store data
where system requirements such as performance, security or availability dictate.
UNMATCHED PERFORMANCE
The most advanced architecture in the industry allows the SQL SERVER DBMS to
deliver unmatched performance.
SOPHISTICATED CONCURRENCY CONTROL
Real World applications demand access to critical data. With most database Systems
application becomes “contention bound” – which performance is limited not by the CPU
power or by disk I/O, but user waiting on one another for data access . SQL Server employs
full, unrestricted row-level locking and contention free queries to minimize and in many
cases entirely eliminates contention wait times.
NO I/O BOTTLENECKS
SQL Server’s fast commit groups commit and deferred write technologies
dramatically reduce disk I/O bottlenecks. While some database write whole data block to disk
at commit time, SQL Server commits transactions with at most sequential log file on disk at
commit time, On high throughput systems, one sequential writes typically group commit
multiple transactions. Data read by the transaction remains as shared memory so that other
transactions may access that data without reading it again from disk. Since fast commits
write all data necessary to the recovery to the log file, modified blocks are written back to the
database independently of the transaction commit, when written from memory to disk.
SYSTEM TESTING AND
IMPLEMENTATION
INTRODUCTION

Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents the
ultimate review of specification, design and coding. In fact, testing is the one step in the
software engineering process that could be viewed as destructive rather than constructive.
A strategy for software testing integrates software test case design methods into a
well-planned series of steps that result in the successful construction of software. Testing is
the set of activities that can be planned in advance and conducted systematically. The
underlying motivation of program testing is to affirm software quality with methods that can
economically and effectively apply to both strategic to both large and small-scale systems.

SOFTWARE TESTING

The software engineering process can be viewed as a spiral. Initially system

engineering defines the role of software and leads to software requirement analysis where the
information domain, functions, behavior, performance, constraints and validation criteria for
software are established. Moving inward along the spiral, we come to design and finally to
coding. To develop computer software, we spiral in along streamlines that decrease the level
of abstraction on each turn.

A strategy for software testing may also be viewed in the context of the spiral. Unit
testing begins at the vertex of the spiral and concentrates on each unit of the software as
implemented in source code. Testing progress by moving outward along the spiral to
integration testing, where the focus is on the design and the construction of the software
architecture. Talking another turn on outward on the spiral we encounter validation testing
where requirements established as part of software requirements analysis are validated
against the software that has been constructed. Finally, we arrive at system testing, where the
software and other system elements are tested as a whole.
Unit Testing

Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design, the module.
The unit testing, we have is white box oriented and some modules the steps are conducted in
parallel.
 UNIT TESTING

MODULE TESTING

Component Testing
SUB-SYSTEM TESING

Integration Testing SYSTEM TESTING

ACCEPTANCE TESTING
User Testing
WHITE BOX TESTING

This type of testing ensures that

 All independent paths have been exercised at least once
 All logical decisions have been exercised on their true and false sides
 All loops are executed at their boundaries and within their operational bounds
 All internal data structures have been exercised to assure their validity.
BASIC PATH TESTING

Established technique of flow graph with Cyclomatic complexity was used to derive test
cases for all the functions. The main steps in deriving test cases were:
Use the design of the code and draw correspondent flow graph.
Determine the Cyclomatic complexity of resultant flow graph, using formula:
V(G)=E-N+2 or
V(G)=P+1 or
V(G)=Number Of Regions
Where V(G) is Cyclomatic complexity,
E is the number of edges,
N is the number of flow graph nodes,
P is the number of predicate nodes.
Determine the basis of set of linearly independent paths.
CONDITIONAL TESTING
In this part of the testing each of the conditions were tested to both true and false aspects.
And all the resulting paths were tested. So that each path that may be generate on particular
condition is traced to uncover any possible errors.

DATA FLOW TESTING

This type of testing selects the path of the program according to the location of definition and
use of variables. This kind of testing was used only when some local variable were declared.
The definition-use chain method was used in this type of testing. These were particularly
useful in nested statements.
LOOP TESTING
In this type of testing all the loops are tested to all the limits possible. The following exercise
was adopted for all loops:
 All the loops were tested at their limits, just above them and just below them.
 All the loops were skipped at least once.
 For nested loops test the inner most loop first and then work outwards.
 For concatenated loops the values of dependent loops were set with the help of connected
loop.
 Unstructured loops were resolved into nested loops or concatenated loops and tested as
above.

Each unit has been separately tested by the development team itself and all the input have
been validated.
Output Screens
Conclusion
Limitations
Cab Services is a Web application and it is restricted to only limited type of users. In this
application, Different types of managers have been given access rights and they are restricted
up to their functionalities, so that the data is maintained securely and redundant data is
prevented. As the Data is stored electronically, it is necessary to have a Computer and
Network connection to access the Application. Here The Details of Employees and Drivers,
cabs are maintained but accounts to these people are not created. using this application
mangers do assign or update the batch, shift of cabs to drivers and employees. But employees
are unable to view their details.

Future Enhancements
Every Edition of a book comes with new topics and modifications if any errors are
present. In the similar way, in near future, our application will overcome the flaws if
occurred, and attains new features offered to employees for the Flexible and easy
Transportation. Following are the Enhancements to the application.

 Providing Good User Interface.

 Providing access permissions to the employees

 Try to Implement the GPS system in the Cabs.