JUNE 2013

QUESTION 1.
(In this question, you are advised to work throughout with 2 decimal places.)
The table below shows corresponding values of x and y obtained in a certain experiment.

x 1.59 2.39 4.16 6.31 8.70 12.01

y 3.63 6.91 16.59 31.70 52.48 87.10

The relation connecting x and y is y = λxn , where λ and n are constants. By drawing a suitable
linear graph relating log10 y , calculate the values of λ and n.
QUESTION 2

i. When a polynomial P (x) is divided by x − 3 and x + 2 , the remainders are 5 and −5

respectively. Given that P (x) = (x2 − x − 6)Q(x) + ax + b, find the values of the constants
a and b.

ii. Find the range of values of x for which x + 5 < |2x + 1| .

iii. A mixed delegation of 5 persons is to be selected from 5 women and 4 men. Find the number
of ways in which the delegaton can be selected if there must be more women than men.

QUESTION 3
√
i. Given that f (x) = 3 cos x + sin x , in the form R cos(x − λ), where R > 0 and 0 < λ < π2 .
√
Hence, find the general solution of the equation f (x) = 3.

ii. Prove that

sin 2x + sin 4x
= tan 2x
1 + cos 2x + cos 4x

Hence, find the general solution of the equation

sin 2x + sin 4x
1− = 0.
1 + cos 2x + cos 4x

QUESTION 4

i. Find the range of values of k for which the quadratic equation

x2 + x + k 2 − 12 = 0

has real and distinct roots.

1
 2−3x
ii. Given that f (x) = (1−x)(2−x)
,
express f (x) as a series in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in x3 , giving
the range of values of x for which the expansion is valid.

QUESTION 5

i. Given that f (x) = x − 5 + x2 ln x show that the equation f (x) = 0 has a root in the interval
2 < x < 3.

Taking x = 2 as a first approximation of the root of the equation, use one iteration of the
Newton-Raphson’s procedure to find a second approximation to this root, giving your answer
correct to two decimal places.

ii. The function h is defined for all real values of x by h(x) = ax2 + bx − 5 . Given that h(x)
has a turning point at 34 , − 49


8
, find the values of the constants a and b .

QUESTION 6

i. The functions f and g are defined on R, the set of real numbers by

x
f : x 7→ , x 6= 1; g : x 7→ 2x − 3 .
x−1

Find the composite function f ◦ g stating its domain.

ii. A binary relation R is defined on the set of integers, by

x R y ⇐⇒ x − y = 3c,

where c is an integer. Prove that R is an equivalence relation.

QUESTION 7

i. The sum of the first, third and seventh terms of an arithmetic progression is 25. If the
thirteenth term is three times the fourth term, find the first term and the common difference of
the progression.

ii. Prove by mathematical induction that,

n
X n
(2 + 3r) = (3n + 7) ,
r=1
2

for all positive integers n.

2
QUESTION 8
Given that A is the point (5, −1, 2), π is the plane with vector equation

r · (2i + 6j + 9k) = 33

and O is the origin, find

a. the perpendicular distance of π from O,

b. the vector equation of the line L which passes through A and is perpendicular to π,

c. the coordinates of the point B where L meets π.

QUESTION 9

i. The complex number z is given by

(4 + 3i))(3 + 4i)
z= .
(3 + i)

Express z in the form a + bi , where a, b ∈ R.

ii. Another complex number z1 = √1+i . Find |z1 | and arg(z14 ) .

3+i

QUESTION 10
√
i. Given that y = 2(x − 5) x + 4 , show that

dy 3(x + 1)
= √ .
dx x+4

Hence, evaluate Z 12
x+1
√ dx .
5 x+4

ii. Obtain in the form y = f (x) , a particular solution of the differential equation

dy
− x = 2xy
dx

given that y = 0 when x = 0 .

JUNE 2014

3
QUESTION 1
6x+1
Express (2x−3)(3x−2)
in partial fractions.
Hence prove that Z 4
6x + 1
dx = ln 10 .
2 (2x − 3)(3x − 2)

QUESTION 2
√
Express cos x + 3 sin x in the form R cos(x − λ) where R > 0 and 0 < λ < π2 .
Hence, find
√ √
a) the general solution of the equation cos x + 3 sin x = 3,
√
b) the maximum and minimum values of cos x + 3 sin x + 2 .

QUESTION 3

i. The roots of the quadratic equation

x2 − x + 2 = 0

are α and β. Prove that

1 1
a) 1+α2
+ 1+β 2
= − 12
1 1 1
b) 1+α2
× 1+β 2
= 2

1 1
Hence, form a quadratic equation whose roots are 1+α2
and 1+β 2

x2 −12
ii. Find the range of values of x for which x
>1

QUESTION 4

i. Given the vector a = i + 4j + 2k, b = −2i + 2j + 6k and c = 3i − 3j − 2k .

Find

a) the vector v , where v = a + b + c,

b) the unit vector v̂ ,

c) the angle, to the nearest degree, which v makes with the y− axis.
Find

d) a vector equation of the line passing through the point (4, −5, 1) and is parallel to the
straight line with Cartesian equation
x−2 y+3 1−z
= = ,
3 4 2

4
 e) a vector parametric equation of th plane containing the point (5, 4, 3) and the vectors
−3i + 3k and 4i − 4j − 6k .

x2 −12
ii. Find the range of values of x for which x
>1

QUESTION 5

i. Given that

3+x dy 6


a) y = ln 3−x
, show that dx
= 9−x2

dy
b) xy 2 + cos 2y = 7x find dx

ii. Determine the stationary point on the curve y = xe−x

QUESTION 6
(1+2i)(2+i)
i. Given the complex number z such that z = 1+3i

express z in the form a + bi, where a, b ∈ R .

a) z 2 − 1 + 21 i

b) arg z 2 − 1 + 12 i



ii. Find the locus of ω, where ω = [x + (y − 6)i] [(x + 8) − yi] , if

c) ω is purely real

d) ω is purely imaginary.

QUESTION 7

i. A function f : R → R defined by
3x 1
f : x 7→ , x 6= −
2x + 1 2

Determine whether or not f is surjective.

ii. Prove by mathematical induction that 32n + 7 is divisible by 8 for all integers n > 0 .

QUESTION 8

i. Use one iteration of the Newton-Raphson method to find, to 3 decimal places, a second
approximation to the real root of the equation

x3 + 3x2 − 1 = 0

taking 0.2 as a first approximation to the root of the equation.

5
 ii. Four men and three women are to be seated around a circular table. Find the number of
arrangements if the three women must be together.

QUESTION 9

i. Given that  8
1 2 4
1+ ≈ 1 + ax − bx2 + · · ·
3 9 9

find the values of the constants a and b.

ii. The sum of the first n terms of a sequence, Sn , is given by

n
Sn =
3n + 1

Find the sum of the terms from the 10th term to the 300th term.

iii. A geometric progression has its first term and common ratio as sin 2θ and cos 2θ respectively,
where | cos 2θ| < 1 .

Prove that its sum to infinity is cos θ .

QUESTION 10
Solve the differential equation
dy
x(1 − y) = −2y ,
dx
given that y = 2 when x = e .
Hence, show that
x2 y
 
y = ln
2

June 2015

QUESTION 1

i. Given that (x + 1) is a factor of f (x) , where f (x) = ax4 + x3 − 12x2 − x + 2 , find the
value of the constant a and verify that f (−1) = 0 .

ii. Find the value of the constant k for which the equation

x2 + (k + 1)x + k = 0

has one root double the other.

QUESTION 2

6
 sin θ+sin 2θ
i. Show that 1+cos θ+cos 2θ
= tan θ

ii. Find the general solution of the equation

sin 4x + cos 2x = 0

iii. Solve for x where 0◦ ≤ x ≤ 180◦ , the equation sin 3x + cos x = 0

QUESTION 3

x3
i. The function f : R → R is defined by f (x) = x − 3
. Find the monotony of f , showing
clearly its variation table.

dy
ii. Solve the equation x dx = y(2x2 + 1)

QUESTION 4

i. Given that z = eiθ , show that z n + z −n = 2 cos nθ.

Use this result to express cos5 θ in terms of cosine of multiples of θ .
√
ii. Given that z1 = 1 + i 3 and z2 = −1 + i , evaluate

a. |z1 z2 |

b. arg(z12 )

QUESTION 5
The coordinate of the points A, B and C are (0, 1, 3), (−1, 0, 1), and (1, −1, 2) respectively.
Find
−→ −−→
a) AB x BC
−→ −−→
b) The sine of the angle between AB and BC

c) The value of the constant µ for which the line r = i + 2j − k + λ(3µi − j + 5k) is parallel to
the plane containing A, B, and C.

QUESTION 6
Given the matrix A, where  
2 1 2
 
A = 3 1 2
 
 
2 2 1
Find

7
 a) det(A), the determinant of A.

b) A−1 , the inverse of A

Hence, or otherwise, solve the system of equations

x + y + 2z =3

3x + y + 2z =3

2x + 2y + z =2

QUESTION 7
1
Express (3t+1)(t+1)
in partial fractions.
By using the substitution t = tan x, or otherwise, show that
Z π
4 dx 1
= ln 2
0 3 + 5 sin 2x 8

QUESTION 8

i. Find the set of values of x for which | 3x+4

2x+3
| < 1.

x+2
ii. Sketch the curve of y = x+1
, x ∈ R, x 6= 1 , showing clearly the intercepts with the
coordinate axes and the behavior of the curve as it approaches its asymptotes.

QUESTION 9

i. The function f and g ◦ f are defined by

6(x − 3)
g : x 7→ x + 5, x ∈ R, g ◦ f : 7→ , x ∈ R, x 6= 4,
x−4
find f and show that f is injective.

ii. If p is the statement: Eric plays Golf and q is the statement: Oscar plays tenis. write down
the statement presented by each of the following:

a) p ⇒ q

b) ∼ p ⇒ q

c) ∼ (p ∨ q) .

QUESTION 10
q
1−x
i. The first three terms in the series expansion of 1+kx
are 1, −2x and 4x2 respectively.
Determine the value of k and state the range of values of x for which the expansion is valid.

8
 ii. Five cards are to be dealt out to a player from a standard pack of 52 playing cards. how many
different possibilities are there if,

a) there is no ace,

b) there are at least two aces.

JUNE 2016

QUESTION 1

i. Given that the roots of the equation x2 − x + 2 = 0 are α and β, find the quadractic equation
1 1
whose roots are 1+α2
and 1+β 2

ii. Given that the polynomial

P (x) = (2x − 1)(x − 3)Q(x) + 12x − 8,

of degree 3 is exactly divisible by x − 1 and that P (0) = 10 , find Q(x).

QUESTION 2    
2 1 0 −1 0 1
   
Given the matrices M = 1 −1 1 and N =  5 0 −2 Find the matrix product MN
   
   
5 −1 0 6 3 −3
and NM .
Hence, find M−1 , the inverse of M .
The transformation represented by the matrix M maps to point A,B and C to the points (3, 0, 6),
(0, 5, 3) and (1, 0, 1) respectively. Find the coordinates of A, B and C .
QUESTION 3

i. Given that the function f (x) = x2 is differentiable in the interval (−2, 2), use the mean value
theorem to find the value of x for which the tangent of the curve is parallel to the chord
through the points (−2, 8) and (2, 8).

ii. Express in the form y = f (x), the general solution of the differential equation

dy
y = x(1 + y 2 )
dx

QUESTION 4

i. Use the Demoivre’s theorem to express cos 4θ in terms of cos θ

9
 1 1 1
ii. Given that z1 = 2 + i , z2 = −2 + 4i and z3
= z1
+ z2
, find z3 .

QUESTION 5
the position vectors of the points A, B, and C are a, b, and c respectively, where a = 3i + 6k,
b = 5j + 3k and c = i + k
−→ −→
i. the vector product AC × AB,

ii. the vector equation of the plane ABC.

QUESTION 6
Express f (θ) = 8 cos 4θ − 15 sin θ in the form r cos(θ + α), where r is positive and α an acute
angle.
Hence, find

i. the general solution of the equation f (θ) = 8 cos 4θ − 15 sin θ = 13 ,

5
ii. the maximum and minimum values of f (θ)+3

QUESTION 7

5x−3
i. Express f (x) = (x+1)(x+3)
, in partial fraction.
R5
Hence, evaluate 3
f (x)dx
√
ii. Given that f (x) = 5x2 − 4 4 − 6, x > 0 and taking 1.5 as a first approximation to the
root of f (x) = 0 , use the Newton Raphson’s procedure to obtain , to three decimal places, a
second approximation to the root of the equation.

QUESTION 8

i. Find the set of values of x for which

x+2
<3.
x−2

3x−4
ii. Given the function f , where f (x) = x+2
, x 6= −2

a. find the range of f (x)

b. sketch the graph of f (x)

QUESTION 9
The table below shows the values of x ans y obtained in a certain laboratory work.

10
 x 2.659 4.801 6.248 9.708 17.595 20.96
y 10.317 6.569 5.63 4.512 3.585 3.38

The variables x and y are connected by the equation y − 2 = b(x − 1)a .

By drawing a suitable graph of log10 (y − 2) against log10 (x − 1), estimate the values of the constants
a and b .
QUESTION 10

1 6


i. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of x2 + 2x
.

20
ii. A geometric progression with positive terms has the sum of its first two terms as 3
and its
sum to infinity is 12 .

a) the first term and the common ratio of the progression.

b) the sum of the first three terms

JUNE 2017

QUESTION 1

i. find the set of values of k for which the equation

x2 − kx + 2x + k − 2 = 0

are real and different.

log 3
ii. Given that 2x = 3y and that x + y = 1, show that x = log 2

QUESTION 2

i. the first term of an expression is a and the common difference is −1. If the sum of the first n
terms is equal to the sum of the first 3n terms of the progression, express a interms of n.
Obtain the value of a when n = 10 and hence find the sum of the first 30 terms of the
progression.

1 24
ii. Find the position of the term in x−12 in the expansion x3 −


x

QUESTION 3

dy
√
5
i. a. Find dx
if y = 1 + 2x2
 2
dy
b. Given that y = ln 1+x
1−x2
, show that dx
= 4x
1−x4
.

11
 ii. The parametric equation of a curve is given by x = ct and y = ct , where t is a parameter and
c is a constant. Show that the equation of tangent of the curve at the point P with parametert
is given by x + t2 y = 2ct

QUESTION 4

(i) The table below shows corresponding values of x and y which approximately satisfy a relation
of the form y = anx , where a and n are constants.

x 2 3 4 5 6
y 13.6 27.2 54.4 108.8 217.6

By drawing a suitable linear graph, determine the values of a and n correct to one decimal
place.

(ii) Given that x = 0.2 is a first approximation to the root of the equation f (x) = 0, where

f (x) = x3 + 3x − 1 ,

use one iteration of the Newton-Raphson procedure to obtain the second approximation to
the root of the equation , giving your answer to two decimal places.

QUESTION 5

i. Given that (x − 1) and (x + 2) are both factors of the expression ax3 − x2 + bx − a, find the
values of a and b. Hence, find also the remainder when the expression is divided by (x − 4) .

5 7
ii. Express as a single fraction, x+2
− 2x+3
, simplifying the numerator.

QUESTION 6

3
i. The functions f and g are defined by f : x 7→ x−2
, x ∈ R, x 6= 2.

a. Find f g(x) and gf (x) stating their domains.

b. Show that g is not surjective.

ii. A relation R is defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by;

a R b ⇔ a + b = 2n, n ∈ N.

List all the equivalence classes of A under R .

QUESTION 7

12
 i. Find all the values of θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π for which sin 2θ = sec θ .

ii. Show that the matrix M is invertible, where

 
3 −2 5
 
M = 7 4 −8
 
 
5 −3 −4

Hence, find M−1 , the inverse of M .

QUESTION 8

i. Given that ( 4−3i

2−i
)z − (1 + 3i) = 1 − 2i,
express the complex number z in the form a + bi, where a and b are real constants.

ii. The vector equation of two lines L1 and L2 are given by

L1 : r = 13i + 4j + 11k + λ(3i − 8j − 6k)

L2 : r = 5i + 22j + 9k + µ(7i − 17j − 5k)

Find

a) the position vector of the point of intersection of L1 and L2 ,

b) the cosine of the acute angle between L1 and L2 .

QUESTION 9

i. The equation of two circles S1 and S2 are given by

S1 : x2 + y 2 + 2x + 2y + 1 = 0
S2 : x2 + y 2 − 4x + 2y + 1 = 0
Show that S1 and S2 touch each other externally and obtain the equation of common tangent
T at the point of contact

ii. A father and a mother have 5 children. this family is to occupy a particular front-line bench
in church on a special thanksgiving service.
Given that this bench has a capacity of 7 persons, in how many ways can this family be seated
on the bench

a) if the parents must seat adjacent to each other.

b) if the parents must seat adjacent to each other at one end of the bench.

13
QUESTION 10

i. Given that
2
f (x) ≡ ,
x(x + 1)(x + 2)
express f (x) in partial fractions.
R4
Hence show that 2 f (x) = ln( 27 25
).

2x−7
ii. Sketch the graph of the curve whose equation is given by y = x−4
, showing clearly the points
where the curve meets the coordinate axes and the behavior of the curve near its asymptotes.

JUNE 2018

QUESTION 1
P (x) = ax3 − 3x2 − bx + 6.
When P (x) is divided by (x − 1) , the remainder is −6. Given that (x − 2) is a factor of P (x).
find the values of the constants a and b. Hence solve the equation P (x) = 0 .
QUESTION 2

i. Given that one root of the quadratic equation x2 − 8x + k = 0 is three times the other, find
the value of the constant k
Hence, solve the equation
x2 − 8x + k = 0

ii. A relation R is defined on the set of integers Z by a R b if a + 2b is a multiple of 3. Show

that R is an equivalence relation

QUESTION 3

i. Differentiate with respect to x

ln(1+x2 )
a) x5

b) sin2 (x + 1)

ii. f (x) = x3 − x2 − x + 5
Find the set of values of x for which f (x) is increasing.

QUESTION 4
1
i. Find the first four terms in the expansion of (1 − 2x) 2 in ascending power of x, stating the
range of values of x for which the expansion is valid.

14
 ii. find the value of x for which

y = 2 log2 x and y + 4 = log2 2x

QUESTION 5

i. The complex number z is given by

3−i
z= .
2+i
Express z in the form a + bi, where a, b ∈ R

ii. Given that z = cos θ + i sin θ, show that z 3 + z −3 = 2 cos 3θ.

√
Hence, find the general solution of the equation z 3 + z −3 = 3

QUESTION 6
x
Express (x+1)(x+2)
in partial fractions.
dy 1
Hence, solve the differential equation (x + 1)(x + 2) dx = x(y + 1) for x > −1 , given that y = 2

when x = 1, expressing the solution in the form y = f (x) .

QUESTION 7

i. find the coordinate of the center and the length of radius of the circle x2 + y 2 − 3x − 4 = 0.
Show that the line 3x + 4y − 17 = 0 is a tangent to the circle.

ii. M is a 3 × 3 matrix given by

 
3 4 0
 
M = 1
 
x+2 1 
 
2x − 4 4 x−4

Given that M is a singular matrix, show that 3x2 − 2x − 36 = 0

QUESTION 8

i. Find the general solution of the equation sin(x + π6 ) = 2 cos x

ii. the vector equation of two lines L1 and L2 are

L1 : r = i + 2j + λ(2i + j + 3k)
L2 : r = −j − 4k + µ(3i + 2j + 5k). Find

a) The point of intersection of L1 and L2 .

b) The vector parametric equation of the plane containing L1 and L2 .

15
QUESTION 9

2
i. Show that the equation x ln x + x − 3 = 0 has a root between 1 and 2 . Given that x = 2

is a first approximate root, use one iteration of the Newton Raphson procedure to obtain the
second approximate root of this equation.

ii. A class is made up of 5 boys and 8 girls. Find the number of ways in which a mixed delegation
of 4 students can be chosen from the class if it must include at least 2 boys

iii. Two statements p and q are defined as follows:

p : the workers will go on strike
q : there will be no salary.
Write the following in correct English

a) q ⇒ p

b) ∼ q ⇒∼ p

c) p ∧ q

QUESTION 10

i.

x 2 6 10 14 16
y 62 270 580 994 1248

The table above gives the values of a continuous variable y for some observed values of x . It
is known that y and x are connected by a law of the form
y = ax2 + bx, where a, b ∈ R .
By drawing a suitable linear graph, estimate the values of a and b, giving the answer correct
to two decimal places.

ii. The first and last terms of an Arithmetic progression are 7 and 51 respectively.
Given that the sum of the terms of the progression is 348, find the number of terms and the
common difference of this progression.

JUNE 2019

QUESTION 1

16
 i. The polynomial P (x) is such that P (x) ≡ ax3 − 3x2 + bx + 6. Given that (x + 2) is a factor
of P (x) and that when P (x) is divided by (x − 1), the remainder is −6 .

a. Find, the values of the constants a and b .

b. Hence, solve the equaation P (x) = 0 .

ii. Two statements p and q are given by

p : Comfort studies hard
q : She will pass the examination
Write out the following proposition in simple English

a. p =⇒ q

b. ∼ p =⇒ ∼ q

c. ∼ (p =⇒ q)

QUESTION 2
Two variables X and Y are related by an equation of the form Y = log10 (mX + c)
The table below gives the corresponding values of X and Y

X 1 2 3 4 5 6
Y 0.857 0.924 0.982 1.079 1.079 1.121

a. Draw a linear graph by ploting values of 10Y against X

b. Use your graph to estimate to the nearest whole number, the values of m and c .

QUESTION 3

i. A function f is defined by
2x + 1
f : x 7→ , x ∈ R, x 6= 4
x−4
a. Show that f is injective

b. Find the inverse function f −1 (x), stating its domain

ii. A relation R is defined on the set of integers by: aRb ⇔ a + b = 2m + 1, where m is an

integer.
Show that R is not an equivalence relation.

QUESTION 4

17
 i. Given that (k + 5)x2 − 10x + 2kx = 9k is a quadratic equation, find the value(s) for the
constant k for which the roots are equal

ii. There are six girls and four boys in a class. 3 students are to be chosen at random so as to be
awarded a scholarship. In how many ways can this be done if at least 1 boy and 1 girl must
be in the selection?

QUESTION 5

i. Given that f (x) = x3 − 4x2 − x − 12. Verify that f (x) = 0 has a root in the interval
4<x<5
Taking x = 4.5 as a first approximate root of the equation use Newton-Raphson procedure to
find a second approximation to the root of the equation, giving the answer to two decimal
places

ii. The sum the first n terms of a sequence is given Sn = 2n2 + n . Find,

a. the tenth term of the sequence

b. the nth term of the sequences

QUESTION 6

dy
i. Solve the differential equation (x2 − 1) dx + 2y = 0, given that y = 3 when x = 2 .
Express the answer in the form y = f (x) .

2x+1
ii. Given that f (x) = x+4
. Sketch the graph of y = f (x), showing clearly all its intercepts and
the behaviour of the curve as its approaches its asymptotes

QUESTION 7
The vector equation of two lines L1 and L2 are given by

L1 :r = i − j + 3k + λ(i − j + k)

L2 :r = 2i + aj + 6k + µ(2i + j + 3k)

where a, λ and µ are real constants. Given that L1 and L2 intersect, find,

a. the value of the constant a

b. the position vector of the point of intersection of L1 and L2

c. the cosine of the acute angle between L1 and L2 .

QUESTION 8

18
 2
i. The function f is defined by f (x) = x2 −1
.

a) Express f (x) in partial fraction

Hence ,
R5
b) show that 3
f (x)dx = ln( 43 )

cos3 x sin3 xdx

R
ii. Find

QUESTION 9
√
i. Given that f (θ) = sin θ − 3 cos θ .

π
a) express f (θ) in the form r sin(θ − λ); where r > 0 and 0 < λ < 2

Hence,
1
b) find the maximum and minimum values of f (θ)+3

ii. Find the intervals for which the function h(x) = x3 − 3x is strickly

a) increasing

b) decreasing

QUESTION 10
√
i. Given that z = 1 − i 3, express z in the form r cos θ + i sin θ .
Hence write down the z 7 in the form reiθ
   
1 −1 1 3 3 −1
   
ii. Given that A = 0 2 −1 and B = −2 −2 1  are two matrices,
   
   
2 3 0 −4 −5 2
find the matrix product AB and BA .
State the relationship between A and B .  
8
 
Find also the matrix product BM , where M = −7 Hence,
 
 
1
solve the system of equations

x − y + z =8

2y − z = − 7

2x + 3y =1

19
 JUNE 2020

QUESTION 1

i. Given that (x + 1) is a factor of f (x), where f (x) = x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6, factorise f (x)
completely.

ii. Let λ be a real constant. Show that the roots of the quadratic equation

3x2 + (−4 − 2λ)x + 2λ = 0

are always real.

QUESTION 2

i. Given that y = ln(4 + x2 ), find

dy
a) dx

b) the equation of the tangent and normal to the curve y = ln(4 + x2 ) at the point where
x=1

dy
ii. Solve the differential equation dx
= xy − x, given that y = 2 when x = 0, expressing y in
terms of x

QUESTION 3

i. Draw the truth table for each of the propositions p =⇒ q and ∼ p ∨ q and show that they
are identical

ii. Given that sin−1 (x) = α and cos−1 (x) = β. Show that sin(α + β) = 1

QUESTION 4

x+1
i. The function f is given by f (x) = (x−1)(x2 +1)
, express f(x) in partial fractions.
R
Hence, find f (x)dx

ii. By using the substitution u = sin x, find

Z  
cos x
dx
1 + sin2 x

iii. Find Z
(x + 2)e3x dx

20
QUESTION 5
Given the circles C1 : x2 + y 2 − 6x − 4y + 9 = 0 and C2 : x2 + y 2 − 2x − 6y + 9 = 0,
find,

a) the equation of the circle C3 which passes through the center of C1 and through the point of
intersection of C1 and C2 .

b) the equation of the two tangents from the origin to C1 and the length of each tangent.

QUESTION 6

x+1
i. Determine whether the function f : R → R, f (x) = x+3
, x 6= 3 is surjective.

ii. A periodic function f : R → R of period 4 is defined in the interval −2 ≤ x ≤ 10 by


 x2 + 4 if 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
f (x) =
 −x2 + k if − 2 ≤ x < 10

a) Find the value of k for which f is continuous and the value of f (−5)

b) Sketch the curve of y = f (x) for −2 ≤ x ≤ 10 .

QUESTION 7

i. Find
 the image of the line 2y = x under the transformation under the matrix operator
0 −1
 
−1 0
 
1 −1 1
 
ii. Find the inverse of the matrix A, where A = 2 1 −3
 
 
1 1 1
Hence solve

x − y + z =7

2x − y − 3z = − 6

x + y + y =4

QUESTION 8
P∞
i. Evaluate r=1 3( 41 )r

ii. The sum of the first n terms of a series is given by Sn = 2n2 + n

21
 a) Find an expression for the nth term of the series

b) Show that the series in an arithmetic progression

QUESTION 9

i. Prove by mathematical induction that for n ∈ N ,

n
X 1 n
=
r=1
4r2 − 1 2n + 1

ii. A relation R, is defined on Z, the set of integers by a R b ⇔ a − b is even.

Show that R is transitive.

QUESTION 10

i. Find the range of values of x for which

2x−1
a) x+2
< −1

b) |2x − 4| < x + 1

ii. The complex numbers z1 and z2 are such that z1 = −2 + 2i and z2 = −2 − 2i

Find

a) argz1

b) |z2 |6

JUNE 2021

QUESTION 1

i. The polynomial f (x) is defined by f (x) = 3 − ax + bx2 − x3 .

When f (x) is divided by (x + 2) the remainder is 45 . Given that (3 − x) is a factor of f (x) ,

find the values of the real constants a and b.

5x
ii. Express (x+3)(x−2)
into partial fractions

QUESTION 2

i. Given that the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + (2k + 2)x + 2k + 5 = are α and β ,

a) find the values of the constants k , for which α = β .

22
 b) for k > 0 , find the quadratic equation with integral coefficients, whose roots are
2α + 2β and 2β + αβ .

2−x
ii. Find the range of values of x for which x+1
≥ 0.

QUESTION 3

sin 3A−sin A
i. Show that cos 3A+cos A
= tan 2A .
√
ii. Given that f (θ) = sin θ − 3 cos θ , express f (θ) in the form R sin(θ − λ) ,

where R is a positive constant and λ is an acute angle.

√ √
Hence, find the general solution of the equation sin θ − 3 cos θ = 2.

QUESTION 4

i. The real valued function f is defined as

4x
f : x 7→ , x ∈ R , x 6= 1 .
x−1

a) Show that f is injective

b) Find (f ◦ f ) (x) , stating its domain.

ii. Two statements p and q are given by:

p : The principal goes to the ministry,

q : The principal will meet the minister.

Write out the following propositions in ordinary English:

c) p ∧ q ,

d) ∼ p∨ ∼ q

e) ∼ p =⇒ ∼ q ,

QUESTION 5
The equations of two lines are given by:

r1 = i + aj − k + λ(i + 2j + 2k)
r2 = ai + 2k + µ(i + 2j + 2k) ,

where λ and µ are scalar parameters.

Given that r1 and r2 intersect, find

23
 a) the value of the constant a .

b) the position vector of the point of intersection,

c) the cosine of the acute angle between r1 and r2 .

QUESTION 6
Rπ
a) Evaluate 0
3
cos4 3x sin 3x dx .

b) Find the volume of the solid generated when the curve y = x3 is rotated completely about
the x−axis between the ordinates x = 0 and x = 3 .

QUESTION 7

i. Show that the equation f (x) = 0 , where f (x) = 3x3 − x2 + 3x − 1 has a root between 0
and 1 .

d2 y
ii. Given that the parametric equations of a curve are x = sin 2θ , y = cos 2θ , find dx2
in
terms of the parameter θ .

iii. Show that the function f (x) = (2x − 5)3 + x , is an increasing function.

QUESTION 8

i. The sum of the first and second terms of a geometric progression is −5 , while the sum of the
fourth and fifth terms of the same progression is 40 . Find the first term and common ratio of
the progression.

2 13


ii. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of x + x2
.

QUESTION 9

i. Given the complex numbers z1 = 4 − 5i and z2 = p + 4i , where p ∈ R ,

find the value of p for which z1 z¯2 is purely imaginary, where z¯2 is the complex conjugate of
z2 .

Hence, find |z1 | and arg (z2 )2 .

ii. Given that z = x + iy, x, y ∈ R , find the locus of the point z such that |z| = |z − 2 + 2i| .

QUESTION 10

24
 (a) Find the value of the constant k for which the matrix A is singular, where
 
2 3 4
 
A = 1 −1 2 .
 
 
5 0 k

(b) Find the inverse of matrix B , if

 
2 3 4
 
B = 1 −1 2 .
 
 
5 0 2

Hence, solve the system of equations

2x + 3y + 4z =1

x − y + 2z =3

5x + 2z =5

 
−2
 
(c) Find the image of the point  3  under the transformation matrix defined by B .
 
 
1

JUNE 2022

QUESTION 1

i. Given that the roots of the equation 3x2 − 4x + 2 = 0 are α and β,

a. Show that (α + αβ )(β + αβ ) = 3 .

1 1
b. Find an equation, with integral coefficients, whose roots are α
and β
.

ii. The polynomial P (x) is such that P (x) ≡ ax3 + bx2 − 2x − 6. Given that P (x) leaves a
remainder when divided by (x − 2) and that 2x − 3 is a factor of P (x), find the values of the
constants a and b

QUESTION 2

x−1
i. A function f : R − {−1} → R − {1}, is defined by f (x) = x+1
.

a. Show that f is surjective

25
 b. Find the composite function (f ◦ f )(x), stating its domain

c. Determine the parity of (f ◦ f )(x)

1−x
ii. Expand 1 as a series of ascending powers of x as far as the term in x2 .
(1+2x) 3

QUESTION 3
The position vector of the points A, B and C are a, b and c respectively where a = i + 5j − 3k,
b = −3i − j + 7k and c = i + j. Given that M is the mid point of AB, find,

a) an equation of the line AB in the form r = a + tb

b) the position vector of M

c) the Cartesian equation of the plane ABC,

d) the value of the constant a for which the line r = i + 2k + λ(2i + aj + k) is parallel to the
plane ABC

QUESTION 4
cos θ sin θ
Given that f (θ) = 1−tan θ
+ 1−cot θ

a) Prove that f (θ) ≡ cos θ + sin θ .

b) Express f (θ) in the form R sin(θ + λ) where R > 0 and λ an acute angle.

c) Find the general solutions of the equation f (θ) = 1 .

QUESTION 5

i. The sum of the sixth and the eighth term of an AP is 40. The seventh term is 4 times the
second term. Find,

a) the first term and the common difference,

b) the least number of terms required for the sum of the progression to exceed 1000 .

ii. If

dy
c) y = (sin x)(ln x), find dx

dy
d) x = 1 + t3 and y = t + t4 , find dx
in terms of t

QUESTION 6

26
 i Given that z and w are two complex numbers, solve the simultaneous equations

3z + w =9 + 11i

iw − z = − 8 − 2i,

leaving your answer in the form a + bi.

ii Let N be the set of natural numbers. A relation R is defined on NxN by

d c
(a, b) R (c, d) ⇔ = .
b a

Show that R is an equivalence relation.

QUESTION 7
x2 +18
Given that f (x) = x(x2 +9)
, express f (x) in partial fractions.
Hence or otherwise, show that
Z 4
√ !
4 13
f (x)dx = ln
2 5

QUESTION 8

i. Solve for x in the equation 4x + 22+x = 12

ii. The determinant of a matrix M is 45, where

 
α 3 5
 
M =  4 α − 1 6
 
 
1 4 0

a) Show that α = 2 .

b) Find M −1 , the inverse of the matrix M

hence, solve the system of equations

2x + 33y + 5z =30

4x + y + 6z =26

x + 4y =45

QUESTION 9

27
 a. Solve the differential equation

dy
(x + 2)2 + 3y 2 = 0
dx

given that y = −2 when x = 0.

b. Sketch the curve

x+2
y= ,
x+1
showing clearly the points where the curve meets the coordinate axes and the behavior of the
curve as it approaches its asymptotes.

QUESTION 10

i. Given that p and q are statements, show that p ⇒ q is logically equivalent to ∼ (p∧∼ q)

ii. the function f : R → R is given by f (x) = 2x3 + 3x − 2.

a. Show that f is monotonic increasing

b. Deduce thet te equation f (x) = 0 has a root within the interval 0 < x < 1.
Taking x = 0.5 as a first approximation to the root of the equation f (x) = 0, use
Newton-Raphson’s method once to obtain, to 2 decimal places a second approximation
to the root of this equation.

28