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Mod 3 Worksheet Review 14KEY

1. A scatter plot graphs pairs of numerical data (x, y) and can show positive, negative, or no correlation between the x and y variables. 2. The correlation coefficient r measures the strength of the linear relationship between variables on a scatter plot, ranging from -1 to 1. Values closer to -1 or 1 indicate a stronger linear relationship. 3. The best-fitting line approximates the linear trend in the data and has about an equal number of points above and below the line. It can be used to model the relationship between the variables.

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177 views5 pages

Mod 3 Worksheet Review 14KEY

1. A scatter plot graphs pairs of numerical data (x, y) and can show positive, negative, or no correlation between the x and y variables. 2. The correlation coefficient r measures the strength of the linear relationship between variables on a scatter plot, ranging from -1 to 1. Values closer to -1 or 1 indicate a stronger linear relationship. 3. The best-fitting line approximates the linear trend in the data and has about an equal number of points above and below the line. It can be used to model the relationship between the variables.

Uploaded by

Ayman Halime
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Math 75, Mod3 Scatter Plots and Best-Fitting Lines Name: ______________________

Worksheet Review (FINISH FOR HOMEWORK)


SCATTER A scatter plot is a graph of a set of data pairs (x, y). If y tends to increase as x increases, then
PLOTS the data have a positive correlation. If y tends to decrease as x increases, then the data have a
negative correlation. If the points show no obvious pattern, then the data have approximately
no correlation.

Example 1: TELEPHONES Describe the correlation shown by each scatter plot.


Cellular Phone Subscribers and Cellular Cellular Phone Subscribers and Corded
Service Regions, 1995–2003 Phone Sales, 1995–2003

A. There is a very strong linear positive correlation between subscribers and cell service
regions.
B. There is a strong linear negative correlation between subscribers and corded phone sales.
CORRELATIO A correlation coefficient, denoted by r, is a number from -1 to 1 that measures how well a line
N fits a set of data pairs (x, y). If r is near 1, the points lie close to a line with positive slope. If r
COEFFICIENT is near -1, the points lie close to a line with negative slope. If r is near 0, the points do not lie
S close to any line.
Example 2: Tell whether the correlation coefficient for the data is closest to -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, or 1.

Solution:
a. -0.5
b. 0
c. 1

Example 3: For each scatter plot, (a) tell whether the data have a positive correlation, a negative
correlation, or approximately no correlation, and (b) tell whether the correlation
coefficient is closest to -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, or 1.

0.5 -1 0
BEST- If the correlation coefficient for a set of data is near ±1, the data can be reasonably modeled by
FITTING a line. The best-fitting line is the line that lies as close as possible to all the data points. You
LINES can approximate a best-fitting line by graphing.
Approximating a Best-Fitting Line
STEP 1 Draw a scatter plot of the data.
STEP 2 Sketch the line that appears to follow most closely the trend given by the data points.
There should be about as many points above the line as below it.
STEP 3 Choose two points on the line, and estimate the coordinates of each point.
STEP 4 Write an equation of the line that passes through the two points from Step 3. This
equation is a model for the data.
Example 4: The table shows the number y (in thousands) of alternative-fueled
vehicles in use in the United States x years after 1997. Approximate the
best-fitting line for the data.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y 280 295 322 395 425 471 511 548

Solution: Answers will vary. 550

500

450

400

350

300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Extension: Use the equation of the line of fit from the above example to predict the
number of alternative-fueled vehicles in use in the United States in
2010.
Solution: If you are confident the
trend will continue, you could use
x=13. Otherwise, 2010 is outside
the scope of the data.

5. A line that lies as close as possible to a set of data points (x, y) is called the best fit line for the data
points.

6. Describe how to tell whether a set of data points shows a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or
approximately no correlation.
Positive correlation: As x increases, y increases.
Negative correlation: As x increases, y decreases.
No correlation: No visible pattern appears.
Tell whether the data have a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or approximately no correlation.
7. 8. 9.

Negative corr. Positive corr. Approx. no corr.

Tell whether the correlation coefficient for the data is closest to -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, or 1.
10. 11. 12.

0 0.5 -1

In Exercises 13–14, (a) draw a scatter plot of the data using an appropriate scale, (b) approximate the
best-fitting line, and (c) estimate y when x = 20. Graph can be found on the last page.
13. 14.

b. answers will vary b. answers will vary


c. around 3.8 c. beyond the scope of the data
15. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which equation best models
the data in the scatter plot?

b. (although if your line is off, d. might be match


your line)
16. ERROR ANALYSIS The graph shows one student’s
approximation of the best-fitting line for the data in
the scatter plot. Describe and correct the error in the
student’s work.
The line is drawn too low. The sum of the residuals
above the line should be close to the sum of residuals
below the line.

17. MULTIPLE CHOICE A set of data has correlation coefficient r. For which value of r would the
data points lie closest to a line? A

18. The data pairs (x, y) give U.S. average annual public college tuition y (in dollars) x years after
1997. Find the best-fitting line for the data using Statcato. Also write the value of r and r squared.
(0, 2271), (1, 2360), (2, 2430), (3, 2506), (4, 2562), (5, 2727), (6, 2928)
Y = 2236.607 + 101.321x
R = .9724
R squared = .9455
SE = 57.5549
The important point is to be able to interpret the meaning of these values in context.
Slope: The average tuition increases $101.32 per year.
Y intercept: The tuition was $2236.61 in 1997.
R: The correlation coefficient r=.9724 shows that there is a very strong positive correlation
between year and tuition.
R squared: 94.55% of the variation in tuition can be explained by the year.
SE: One can roughly expect an error of ±$57.55 in tuition when making predictions.

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