Electrical Engineering Department Engineering Drawing (EE-156)

Spring Semester 2023 FE Batch 2022

NED University of Engineering & Technology

Department of Electrical Engineering

Name: MURTAZA MUHAMMAD ALI

Roll number: EE-22021

Section: A

Semester: SPRING

Batch: 2022

Electrical Hazard Report Page number

Report 1 2

Report 2 5
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS:
Electrical hazards refer to any conditions or situations that pose a risk
of injury or harm to individuals due to the presence or use of electrical
equipment or systems. These hazards can include electric shock,
electrocution, burns, fires, explosions, and other related dangers.
Electrical hazards can be caused by a variety of factors, including faulty
equipment or wiring, improper installation, inadequate maintenance,
and human error. It is important to be aware of and address electrical
hazards to ensure the safety of individuals and property.
Here are some common types of electrical hazards:

 Electrical shock
 Electrical burns
 Electrocution
 Arc flash
 Arc blast
 Overheating and fires due to electrical equipment
 Explosions caused by electrical equipment or systems
 Electrical radiation
 Contact with live wires or conductors
 Improper use of electrical equipment or tools
 Inadequate or faulty grounding
 Lightning strikes
 Static electricity discharges

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 REPORT 1
DEFECTIVE ELECTRICAL WIRES:
Defective electrical wires refer to wires that have faults or flaws that
affect their ability to carry electrical current safely and effectively.
These faults or flaws may include breaks, cracks, or other damage to
the wire's insulation or conductive material. Defective electrical wires
can be a serious safety hazard, as they can cause electrical fires, shocks,
or other electrical accidents. It is important to regularly inspect
electrical wiring and replace any defective wires immediately to ensure
the safety of the electrical system and those who use it.

RISKS OF DEFECTIVE ELECTRICAL WIRES:

The risks of defective electric wires refer to the potential dangers
associated with faulty or damaged electrical wiring Defective electric
wires can cause electrical shorts, which can lead to electrical shock
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 Electrical fires: Defective electrical wires can generate heat, spark
or ignite flammable materials, leading to electrical fires.
 Electrical shock: If a defective wire is touched, it can cause electric
shock, which can be fatal.
 Damage to electrical equipment: Electrical equipment can be
damaged if they receive irregular current, voltage spikes, or a loss
of power from defective electrical wiring.
 Loss of power: Defective electrical wiring can cause frequent
power outages, resulting in disruptions to business and daily
activities.
 Property damage: Electrical fires caused by defective wiring can
cause extensive property damage, leading to costly repairs or
even complete loss.
 Injury or death: Defective electrical wiring can cause injuries or
death, especially in cases where individuals are electrocuted,
burned or suffer from smoke inhalation.
 Code violations: Defective wiring that does not meet electrical
codes or regulations can result in fines, penalties, or legal
liabilities
 Increased energy costs: Defected wires may be less efficient,
leading to increased energy costs as they struggle to deliver
power to devices and appliances.

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS OF DEFECTIVE ELECTRICAL
WIRES:
By taking these precautions, individuals can reduce the risk of electrical
shock, fire, electrocution, property damage, and business interruption
that can result from defective electric wires.
 Regular inspection: Regular inspection of electrical wires by a
qualified electrician can identify potential issues before they
become major hazards.
 Avoid overloading circuits: Overloading electrical circuits can
cause defected wires to overheat and create a fire risk. Use
extension cords and power strips safely and avoid plugging too
many devices into one outlet.
 Physical harm: Defective old wires can lead to electrocution or
fires.do not touch any exposed or damaged wires. Turn off the
power supply before handling any electrical wires.
 Replace damaged wires: If you notice defected electrical wires,
frayed cords, or loose connections, stop using the affected
electrical device or system immediately and replace the damaged
wires or components.
 Install ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs): GFCIs can detect
electrical faults and immediately cut off the power supply,
preventing electric shock.
 Use protective equipment: Wear protective equipment, such as
rubber gloves, when working with defective electrical wires to
avoid electric shock.
 Follow electrical codes and regulations: Follow all applicable
electrical codes and regulations to ensure that electrical systems
are safe and compliant.

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  Improper power flow: Defective old wires can cause power
surges or fluctuations. This can damage appliances or electronic
devices connected to the circuit. If you notice any flickering lights
or unusual sounds, contact a licensed electrician.

REPORT 2
OVERLOADED ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS :
An overloaded electrical circuit is a situation where too much electrical
current is flowing through a circuit, which can lead to various problems.
When too many devices or appliances are connected to a single circuit,
the circuit can exceed its maximum current capacity

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RISKS OF OVERLOADED ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS:
Overloaded electrical circuits occur when too much electrical current is
flowing through a circuit, beyond its safe capacity. This can lead to
several safety hazards and risks, including:
 Fire hazard: Overloaded circuits can generate excessive heat,
which can lead to melting of wires, insulation, and other
components. This can create a potential fire hazard, especially if
the wires are near flammable materials.
 Electrical shock: Overloaded circuits can cause electrical shock if
the circuit breaker or fuse fails to trip or if the circuit is not
properly grounded. Electrical shock can be severe and can cause
serious injury or death.
 Damage to electrical appliances: Overloading a circuit can cause
damage to electrical appliances, leading to costly repairs or even
the need for replacement. It can also cause electrical devices to
run hotter than normal, which can reduce their lifespan
 Power outages: Overloading a circuit can cause the circuit breaker
to trip, which shuts off power to the circuit. This can lead to
power outages, which can be inconvenient and disruptive,
particularly if they happen frequently.
 Inability to use electrical devices: Overloading a circuit can cause
the circuit breaker to trip, which can prevent you from using
electrical devices until the circuit is reset. This can be inconvenient
and disrupt your daily routine.
 Personal injury: Electrical shocks caused by overloaded circuits
can lead to personal injury, including burns, muscle damage, and
even death.
 Increased risk of electrocution during maintenance: Overloading
electrical circuits can cause the wiring to become hot and

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 potentially lead to electrical arcing. This can increase the risk of
electrocution during maintenance or repairs.
 Reduced energy efficiency: Overloading electrical circuits can
reduce the efficiency of electrical equipment, which can lead to
increased energy consumption and higher energy

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS OF OVERLOADED ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS:

 Avoid overloading circuits: Do not plug too many appliances or
devices into a single circuit. Spread out electrical loads over
multiple circuits to prevent overloading.
 Unplug appliances when not in use: Unplug appliances when not
in use to reduce the amount of electrical load on your circuits.
 Use load monitoring devices: Load monitoring devices can help
you keep track of the electrical loads on your circuits and alert
you if they are approaching overload. This can help you avoid
overloading your circuits and prevent safety hazards.

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 Limit the use of extension cords: Extension cords are not
designed to handle the same electrical loads as permanent wiring.
Limit the use of extension cords and use them only for temporary
situations.
 Use energy-efficient appliances: Energy-efficient appliances use
less electricity, which can help to reduce the overall electrical load
on your circuits and prevent overloading.
 Have a backup generator: In the event of a power outage, having
a backup generator can provide power to critical devices and
appliances, reducing the need to rely on overloaded circuits.