PHYSICAL SCIENCE MODULE 12 Edited
PHYSICAL SCIENCE MODULE 12 Edited
PHYSICAL SCIENCE MODULE 12 Edited
Quarter 2 – Module 12
Radio Waves
Physical Science 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 12: Radio Waves
First Edition 2020
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This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
The key purpose of radio pulses is to convey information from one place to another.
Through these pulses or waves, we can send and receive messages and other data
from the people that are beyond our physical reach. Hence, radio pulses or radio
waves signifies that as a learner, you can pass and receive pertinent information
and learnings needed to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills
at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
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What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Physical Science. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
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4. Which of the following materials can detect radio waves?
a. magnetic inductor
b. semiconductor
c. spark gap transmitter
d. wire loop with a small gap
5. Which of the following apparatus did Hertz use to produce the radio waves?
a. Magnetic inductor
b. Semiconductor analyzers
c. Spark gap transmitter
d. Wire loop
7. The following are known scientists. Who among them first predicted that
radio waves existed?
a. Galileo Galilee
b. Guglielmo Marconi
c. Isaac Newton
d. James Clerk Maxwell
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10. In October 1886, what did Heinrich Hertz saw that started a train of thought
and end up changing the world?
a. A lightning
b. A storm
c. An electric spark
d. An explosion
11. Heinrich Hertz was a famous physicist widely known for his discovery of
what?
a. Electromagnetic radiation
b. Gravity
c. Magnetism
d. Photons
14. Janus has to research and give a presentation to his class on among the
different types of electromagnetic waves. Which of the following would be
impossible for him to work on?
a. Infrared
b. Microwave
c. Radio wave
d. Ultrasound
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Lesson
1 Radio Waves
This module will provide understanding of how Heinrich Hertz discovered and
produced radio pulses.
What’s In
Before we proceed with our main topic for this lesson, which is how Heinrich
Hertz produced radio waves or pulses, let us first give a quick glimpse to one of the
important discussions that will connect our main subject in this module: The
Theory of Electromagnetism by James Clerk Maxwell.
What is electromagnetism?
Who is Maxwell?
James Clerk Maxwell is a Scottish physicist who proposed the theory about
the relation of electric currents or fields and magnetic fields. In 1873, he developed
the unified theory of electromagnetism.
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Notes to the Teacher
The teacher can show students colored illustrations of the
interaction of the magnetic field, electric field, and light. Colored
illustrations can also be used to show the visible region in the
electromagnetic spectrum of light.
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What’s New
FM Static
One fine day in March, a man named Fonzo, planned to have a trip of a
lifetime. Vacation has just started the previous day and the sun today is shining
bright. It was his dream since childhood to travel, however, their meager life cannot
afford such luxury.
So, he promised his little self that when he grows up, he will work hard and
save hard to make his dream come true. His promise came true and he was able to
make time for a short vacation. He invited his longtime friends, Martin and James.
They rode his car and start to drive towards north of Manila, Philippines.
Their target destination is Nueva Vizcaya. They were happily chatting when Martin
suggested to listen to music. When he and James agreed, Martin excitedly turned
the stereo on. The music was good and the view outside the window car is great.
They can see wide plains and mountains, birds, and other animals. Country life is
good.
When they reach, Nueva Ecija, they took a stop at a fast food restaurant to
take their fill and have a little rest from driving. After an hour, they resumed their
trip. When they reached the little town before entering Nueva Vizcaya, static
interference on the stereo started to be heard. The song that was playing started to
have gaps. Martin complained that it was unfortunate the song could not be played
completely because of the statics.
Fonzo assured his friend that it was just because they are passing by the
mountains and there are fewer station towers and satellites in the area. He said
that signals are blocked because of the mountains and the trees so station
satellites cannot send signals properly and the stereo cannot receive those signals.
Even their mobile phones do not have cell signals.
However, he assured them that when they reach their destination, there will
be station towers and satellites so they can listen to music again without hearing
any static interference.
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What is It
Radio waves are very significant. They are extensively utilized in modern
technology for cell phones, ICT communication, broadcasting, navigation schemes,
communications satellites, wireless fidelity or wi-fi routers, and numerous other
applications. They also transport signals for television and mobile phones. If not
absorbed, radio waves will bounce off items.
Heinrich Hertz verified the existence of radio waves or pulses in the late
1880s. In 1879, the 22 – year old Hertz was seriously thinking to prove Maxwell’s
theory of electromagnetism as part of his studies in Berlin.
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Hertz put up his spark – gap transmitter. As he was already experimenting
to prove Maxwell’s theory, he hoped that his electrical apparatus would transmit
electromagnetic waves.
At both ends of his spark-gap transmitter, Hertz put two hollow spheres of
30 cm diameter with 3m apart. These spheres acted as capacitors – a passive
electronic component with two terminals and stores electrical energy in an electric
field.
Battery
He, then, further observed that the sparks that glided across the main spark
gap (transmitter) typically soared across the secondary gap (receiver). Further
experiments that Hertz did show that the flickering at the main gap produces
regular electrical waves that is moving back and forth.
He believed that the circuit was vibrating which is determined by electrical
properties called inductance and capacitance. He identified the phenomenon called
self – inductance was taking place in the cooper wires. This phenomenon allowed
him to deduce that the electric vibrations had an extraordinarily high frequency.
As Maxwell’s theory had indicated, the main circuit of the transmitter would
discharge electromagnetic waves with a wave ranging up to one meter or more.
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Hertz distinguished the pulses or waves with his receiver because the sparks
jumped from the transmitter to the receiver even though it has a distance of 1.5
meters.
The sparks were produced by the onset of the electromagnetic waves from
the transmitter creating fierce electrical vibrations in the receiver. Hertz, not only
proved Maxwell’s theory, but he also was able to generate radio waves.
What’s More
Terms Definition
Capacitor
Electric field
Electrical Transmitter
Electromagnetic spectrum
Electromagnetic wave
Hertz (Hz)
Magnetic field
Magnetic induction
Radio wave
Self – inductance
Spark-gap
Voltage
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Learning the skill: Arranging the steps (B)
Directions: Using numbers 1 – 8, chronologically arrange the steps below on how
Hertz produced the radio waves.
a. _____ A high voltage alternating current electricity was applied across the central
spark – gap.
b. _____ He started producing them using a piece of electrical equipment called
induction coil.
c. _____ Hertz put two hollow spheres of 30 cm diameter with 3m apart.
d. _____ Hertz put up his spark – gap transmitter.
e. _____ The induction coil converted low voltage direct current electricity from a
battery into a high voltage alternating current electricity.
f. _____ The spark gap produced electrical sparks through a process called
magnetic induction.
g. _____ The sparks flew between spark gaps.
h. _____ The sparks that glided across the main spark gap (transmitter) typically
soared across the secondary gap (receiver).
You are almost at the end of this module. But before we totally wrap up, fill in the
blanks with terms/concepts that define key points you have learned from the topic
discussed.
2. The frequency range of radio waves are from _______________ to as low as 300
kHz.
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8. The sparks created from the main spark-gap of the transmitter flew across
the receiver’s spark-gap at a distance of ______________.
What I Can Do
A. Analyze the given situation below then answer the guided questions
provided.
Guided Questions:
1. Why do you think Nick’s text message was not delivered?
2. What other factors may have caused delays in delivering text messages?
4. Radio waves are widely used in communications industry. Aside from mobile
phones that use radio waves to carry signals, list down at least five other
uses of radio waves to communicate and deliver information.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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B. Using your own words, describe how Heinrich Hertz produced radio pulses
or waves.
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Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.
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4. Which of the following materials can detect radio waves?
a. magnetic inductor
b. semiconductor
c. spark gap transmitter
d. wire loop with a small gap
5. Which of the following apparatus did Hertz use to produce the radio waves?
a. Magnetic inductor
b. Semiconductor analyzers
c. Spark gap transmitter
d. Wire loop
11. In which of the following means is radio waves generated and detected?
a. A battery and a microscope
b. A light detector
c. A microphone and Z104 detector
d. A spark-gap transmitters and receivers
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12. Which is the best description for radio waves??
a. It is a sound wave used for short distance communication
b. It is a sound wave with the highest frequency
c. It is an electromagnetic wave with the longest wavelength used for
long distance communication
d. It is an electromagnetic wave with the shortest wavelength used for
long distance communication
13. Radio waves use ultra-high frequency band to deliver which of the following?
a. Email
b. Music
c. Signal
d. Text Message
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Additional Activities
1. Any remote-controlled device and remote control with new batteries (TV,
Stereo, toy car, etc.)
Experimental Procedure:
1. Wrap one of the mobile phones in the first material (e.g. plastic wrap) you
want to test using multiple layers so that it is completely and securely
covered.
2. Using the mobile phone that is not wrapped, attempt to send a message to
the wrapped mobile phone. Does it work?
3. Repeat this process for the other materials collecting data in a table below:
Plastic Wrap
Paper
Cotton
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Additional Assessment What Have I What’s More (B)
Activity Learned?
1. A a. 3
Mobile Phone 2. A 1. Electromagnetic b. 6
Aluminum Foil – No 3. B 2. 300 GHz
4. D 3. Interaction
c. 2
Plastic Wrap – Yes
Paper – Yes 5. C 4. bounce off d. 1
Cotton – Yes 6. A 5. radio waves e. 7
7. A 6. internet router
8. D 7. self – induction
f. 4
Remote Control 9. C 8. 1.5 meters g. 5
10. C 9. Electromagnetic waves h. 8
Device
11. D 10. building
Aluminum Foil – No
12. C
Plastic Wrap – Yes 13. B
Paper – Yes 14. B
Cotton – Yes 15. A
What's More (A) cont. What's More (A)
What I Know
Magnetic field - a region Capacitor – a device that is
around a magnetic material or used to store energy 1. B
a moving electric charge Electric field - a region around 2. B
within which the force of a charged particle or object 3. A
magnetism acts. within which a force would be 4. D
Magnetic induction - is the exerted on other charged
particles or objects.
5. C
production of an electromotive
force across an electrical Electrical Transmitter - an 6. A
conductor in a changing electronic device which 7. D
magnetic field produces radio waves with an 8. C
Radio wave - an antenna. 9. D
electromagnetic wave of a Ultra-high frequency band -
is the ITU designation for
10.C
frequency between about 104
and 1011 or 1012 Hz, as used radio frequencies in the range 11.A
for long-distance between 300 megahertz (MHz) 12.D
communication. and 3 gigahertz (GHz), 13.C
Self – inductance - is defined Electromagnetic spectrum - 14.D
as the induction of a voltage in the range of wavelengths or
a current-carrying wire when frequencies over which 15.B
the current in the wire itself is electromagnetic radiation
changing extends.
Spark-gap -is a space between Electromagnetic waves -
electrical terminals across waves that are created as a
which a transient discharge result of vibrations between an
pass. electric field and a magnetic
Voltage - an electromotive field.
force or potential difference Hertz (Hz) – SI unit for
expressed in volts frequency
Answer Key
References
Caintic, Helen E. Physical Science. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc,
2016.
Ng, David. Perfect Guide 'O' Level Physics Structured Questions. Times Centre, 1
New Industrial Road, Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Education, 2013.
“Radiowaves.” NASA SCIENCE Share the Science. NASA, August 10, 2016.
https://www.science.nasa.gov/ems/05_radiowaves (Accessed June 5, 2020)
Weber, Robert L., Kenneth Verne. Manning, George A. Weygand, and Marsh W.
White. College Physics. (Fifth Edition.) Robert L. Weber, Kenneth V. Manning,
Marsh W. White, George A. Weygand. New York, New York City: McGraw-Hill
Book Co., 1974.
Yong, Loo Wan, Loo Kwok Wai, Ong Bee Hoo, and Poon Kwok Leung. New Century
Elective Physics Secondary 5. Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand: Pearson Education
South Asia Pte Ltd, 2012.
Yong, Loo Wan, Loo Kwok Wai, Ong Bee Hoo, and Poon Kwok Leung. New Century
Elective Physics Secondary 6. Jatujak, Bangkok, Thailand: Pearson Education
South Asia Pte Ltd, 2012.
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