DMC 2008-05

October 22, 2008
DENR MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 05-08
SUBJECT : Guidelines in the Preparation of Integrated Watershed

Management Plans
Pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 705, otherwise known as the "Revised

Forestry Code of the Philippines" as amended, Executive Order No. 318, otherwise
known as Promoting Sustainable Forest Management in the Philippines, DENR
Administrative Order No. 2005-23 entitled "Adoption and Implementation of
Collaborative Approach to Watershed Management", and DENR Administrative
Order No. 99-01 entitled "Adoption of Watershed and Ecosystems Planning
Framework", and Joint DENR Memorandum Circular No. 2003-01 entitled
"Strengthening and Institutionalizing DENR-DILG-LGU Partnership on Devolved
and other Forest Management Functions", the following guidelines for the preparation
of Integrated Watershed Management Plans (IWMP) are hereby promulgated for the
information and guidance of all concerned.
SECTION 1. Basic Policies. — The government has adopted sustainable

development as a national policy for all environment and natural resources plans and
programs. Towards this end, it has employed as one of its main strategies the
integrated watershed management or the watershed ecosystem management (WEM)
approach.
It is the policy of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources

(DENR) to ensure the attainment and optimization of environmental, socio-cultural,
economic benefits from all watershed programs and projects through holistic,
participatory management and effective implementation of interventions to sustain
their production of multiple goods and services for the present and future generations.
SECTION 2. Objectives. — The objectives of this Memorandum Circular

are:
2.1 To ensure that watershed management plans are consistent with the
Watershed and Ecosystem Management (WEM) framework;
Copyright 1994-2022 CD Technologies Asia, Inc. Environment and Natural Resources 2022 First Release 1
2.2 To strengthen convergence and collaboration between and among
various agencies, and other stakeholders; TIaEDC
2.3 To develop and maintain an effective database management system for

watershed information; and
2.4 To upgrade the technical and operational capabilities of the DENR,

LGUs, and other stakeholders.
SECTION 3. Coverage. — This Circular shall cover the preparation of

integrated watershed management plans of all watersheds regardless of their
classification, size, use, and administrative jurisdiction.
SECTION 4. Definition of Terms. —
4.1. Forest — land with an area of more than 0.5 hectare and tree crown (or
equivalent stocking level) of more than 10 percent. The trees should be
able to reach minimum height of 5 meters of maturity in situ. It consists
either of closed forest formations where trees of various storeys and
undergrowth cover a high proportion of the ground cover or open forest
formations with a continuous vegetation cover in which tree crown
cover exceeds 10 percent. Young natural stands and all plantations
established for forestry purposes, which have yet to reach a crown
density of more than 10 percent or tree height of 5 meters are included
under forest.
4.2 Watershed — a land area drained by a stream or fixed body of water

and its tributaries having a common outlet for surface run-off. This
include small watersheds with area of 10,000 ha. and below; medium
scale watershed with area of more than 10,000 ha. to 50,000 ha.; and
large scale watershed with area above 50,000 ha.
4.3 Watershed Characterization — the process of describing the

biophysical and socio-economic characteristics and features of a
watershed in order to have an understanding of the various processes
therein.
4.4 Watershed and Ecosystem Management (WEM) — the holistic,

collaborative, multiple use and sustainable management of all the
resources within a planning unit known as watershed.
4.5 Watershed Management — the process of guiding and organizing land
and other resource uses in a watershed to provide desired goods and
services without adversely affecting soil, water and other natural
resources.
4.6 Vulnerability — degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to

cope with adverse effects of natural and man-made (anthropogenic)
hazards. ECTHIA
4.7 Vulnerability Assessment — an analysis of the relationship between

natural and anthropogenic hazards and recipient subject (watershed).
The vulnerability assessment identifies the strength and weaknesses of
the recipient subject in relation to the identified hazard.
SECTION 5. Watershed Characterization. — Watershed characterization

shall involve the gathering of information describing the biophysical and
socio-economic condition of a watershed and determination of issues, vulnerability,
and opportunities for development interventions.
The characterization process specifically involves the following activities:
5.1.1 Gathering of the necessary primary and secondary data/information
5.1.2 Determination of the present state of the watershed
• Geographical location
• Physical, biological and socio-economic conditions
• Vulnerability assessment
5.1.3 Identification of issues, problems, and opportunities in the various

ecosystems within the watershed
• Forest ecosystem
• Upland ecosystem
• Grassland ecosystem
• Lowland/Urban ecosystem
• Coastal and marine ecosystem
Refer to the annotated outline of the Watershed Characterization Report in

Annex B.
SECTION 6. Analysis of Data and Information Gathered in the

Characterization Phase. — The data gathered shall be analyzed based on integrated
and participatory management, development, and rehabilitation requirements of the
watershed addressing the multi-dimensional issues from the forests down to the
coastal areas, as the case may be. As such, the nature and extent of best watershed
uses shall be based on the quantity and quality of stream flow, rate of sedimentation,
level of biodiversity, and economic activities to be maintained by stakeholders under
sustainable watershed management. TcHCIS
Any analysis tool could be used singly or in combination depending on the

availability of information, the peculiarity of the watershed, and the capacity of the
watershed management planning team.
Some of the tools often used are as follows:
a. SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in a development initiative. It
involves specifying the objective of the project in identifying the internal and
external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective.
b. Problem Tree Analysis
Problem tree analysis or Situational analysis helps to find solutions by

mapping out the cause and effect around an issue.
c. Geographic Information System (GIS)
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a decision support system

involving the integration of spatially-referenced data. The GIS output could be
used as inputs for watershed planning purposes such as identifying areas
needing immediate intervention.
d. Land Use Determination Matrix
Land Use Determination Matrix is an analyses tool that uses data

gathered during the characterization phase. It shall be based on the
development and rehabilitation requirements of the watershed in relation to the
problems on deforestation and soil erosion.
e. Other Analysis Tools
Other appropriate tools can provide additional analysis and determine

several options for development interventions in a watershed.
SECTION 7. Integrated Watershed Management Plan. — Watershed

management plan shall be holistic, integrated, and participatory. It shall fully take into
account the well-being of the affected communities, including indigenous peoples.
Among the activities in the preparation of the Integrated Watershed

Management Plan shall be the following: EIAaDC
7.1 Creation of a multisectoral and multidisciplinary planning team
7.2 Preparation of Activity Plan.
7.3 Gathering and analysis of all identified primary and secondary data,
including supporting maps.
7.4 Conduct of levelling-off workshops, meetings, and consultations.
7.5 Carrying out follow-thru surveys and validation.
7.6 Preparation of Integrated Watershed Management Plan. (long, medium

and short term)
Refer to the annotated outline of the Integrated Watershed Management Plan in

Annex C.
SECTION 8. Approval of the Plan. — The Region shall approve the

IWMP of watersheds within their jurisdiction. Should a watershed transcend more
than one Region, this shall require approval of Central Office. IWMP approved by the
Regions may be subject to review and affirmation by a Watershed Multisectoral
Technical Evaluation Committee (WMTEC) at the Central Office. The necessary
approval sheet shall form part of the Plan.
The plan may be legitimized for adoption through:
• Resolutions
• MOAs/MOUs
• Any formal endorsement by watershed stakeholders concerned.
SECTION 9. Human Resources Development. — The capacity building

strategies for the IWMPT and various stakeholders such as trainings, cross visits, and
study tours shall be undertaken for the effective implementation of this Circular.
SECTION 10. Implementation of the Plan. — The approved IWMP shall

be implemented by the DENR local office/agencies/stakeholders concerned. Funding
support shall be sourced from national appropriations, stakeholders, and Overseas
Development Assistance.
SECTION 11. Monitoring and Evaluation. — Monitoring and evaluation

of the development and management activities shall be conducted by Central
Office/Third Party on a periodic basis.
The reporting system will be undertaken taking into consideration the

performance analysis in the management of the watershed vis-a-vis the approved
integrated management interventions and activities, resources, time frame, and
impacts. ICAcTa
SECTION 12. The Watershed Management Planning Team (WMPT). —
12.1 Composition of WMPT
Watershed Management Planning Teams (WMPTs) shall be formed where a

particular watershed is located to serve as the working groups in the conduct of
watershed characterization and preparation of the integrated watershed management
plan. The team shall be multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral. It shall be composed of
representatives from the Regional Office(s), PENRO(s), CENRO(s), sectors, LGUs,
and watershed stakeholders concerned.
When a particular watershed straddles two or more regions, the region which
covers the largest portion shall lead in the preparation of the plan.
In cases where the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) or a Watershed

Management Council (WMC) already exists, the said PAMB or WMC shall be
expanded to serve as the WMPT responsible in the preparation of the Integrated
Watershed Management Plans.
To formalize and operationalize the creation of the WMPT, the stakeholders

may forge any collaborative arrangement (e.g., MOA) indicating respective roles and
responsibilities.
12.2 Roles and Responsibilities
The WMPT shall be guided by the activities enumerated in Section 7 of herein

Circular.
12.3 Activity Plan of the WMPT
An activity plan indicating the sequence, schedule, timing, and duration of

activities, data, information, and interventions required, including financial and
logistical requirements, for the preparation of the integrated watershed management
plan shall be prepared by the WMPT.
Refer to the Indicative Activity Plan Format in Annex A.
SECTION 13. Repealing Clause. — The provisions of any administrative

order, memorandum, and other related issuances, which are inconsistent with this
Circular are hereby repealed, superseded or amended accordingly. AaITCH
SECTION 14. Separability Clause. — If any clause, sentence or provision

of this Circular shall be held invalid or unconstitutional, the remaining parts shall not
be affected thereby.
SECTION 15. Effectivity. — This Circular shall take effect immediately.
(SGD.) JOSE L. ATIENZA, JR.

Secretary
ANNEX A
INDICATIVE FORMAT
ACTIVITY PLAN OF THE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLANNING TEAM FOR
THE PREPARATION OF AN INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN
Activities Expected Financial Focal Time Frame Remarks
Output Requirements Office
A. Preparatory/Initiation
Activities (Cross-cutting)
1. Creation of the Watershed DENR S.O. DENR

Management Planning creating the
Team (WMPT) Watershed
Management
Planning Team
2. Identification of key Meetings

stakeholders for the
collaborative management
of the watershed
3. Orientation and leveling-off List of identified

of WMPT issues and
problems
4. Inter-agency meetings and Meetings/

consultations workshops/
MOAs
5. Information, Education and Specific

Communication TIESCA strategies
and
activities/
media
*B. Characterization Work
1. Secondary Data Gathering
Gathering of available Secondary data DENR,

documents and materials on bio-physical LGUs,
including the digital maps and socio-
of the collaborative partner economic
agencies condition of the
watershed.
Inter-agency collaboration
- Consultation process
- Problem tree analyses, Data, maps
etc. (analogue or
- workshops and digital), plans
writeshops
2. Primary Data Gathering
a. Physical resources Primary data on

(soil, water) soil, hydrology,
* 5 days (4 staff) x 3 trips and water quality
b. Biological resources in at least 3
(flora/fauna) locations.
* 6 days (4 staff) x 3 trips
b. Biological resources Primary data on

(flora/fauna) flora/fauna.
*6 days (4 staff) x 3 trips Location of
sampling plots
reflected in the
map. Results
presented in
biodiversity
indices. cdphil
c. Socio-economic Data on present

* 4 days (3 staff) x 4 trips socio-econonic
condition of
people inside the
watershed. To
include the result
of psychological,
behavioral/
attitudes of
residents.
3. Laboratory analyses Analyses of soil

and water
samples gathered
during field
works
4. Conduct workshops in the Work and All Every 5

prioritization of activities, Financial plan agencies years
and role and functions of involved
involved agencies and
stakeholders
5. Finalization of prioritized WFP

activities
6. Report writing Characterization

Report
C. Analyses of data and Analyses report

information on data gathered
during the characterization
phase
- Workshops/meetings
**D. Management Planning Integrated

Watershed
a. Participatory Management
Consultation/Workshops Plan
b. Writeshops
c. Legitimization of the plan
d. Reproduction of the plan
* would depend on area & accessibility, population, presence of development projects, number
of municipalities and barangays, lack of secondary data, insufficiency of funds of the other
sectors (needed in the characterization report), technical capability of WMPT, and adequacy
of watershed characterization report SDTcAH
** would depend on area, accessibility, population, presence of development projects, number

of municipalities and barangays
ANNEX B
WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION REPORT ANNOTATED OUTLINE
I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Describe the importance of the watershed. Include watershed name, total area,
location in terms of provinces, municipalities, and barangays covered (as appropriate).
Include IWMP purpose of characterization.
II. PRESENT STATE OF THE WATERSHED
The narrative report on the present condition of the watershed shall be consistent with
the thematic maps. Data shall as much as practicable be broken down by subwatersheds.
2.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
2.1.1 GEOPHYSICAL LOCATION
Discuss the watershed area (in ha.), its administrative jurisdiction, relative
geographical location, and coordinates supported by base map and location maps. DIEACH
2.1.2 TOPOGRAPHY/GEO-MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES
Describe the topography of the watershed (slope, elevation and land forms), exposure
and drainage patterns; Include the geo-morphological features of the watershed.
Discuss how geo-morphological features influence the amount and velocity of water
moving over land surfaces, their effects on soil erosion potential, suitability to various land
uses.
In order to determine watershed vulnerability, the following shall be presented:
A. Watershed-shape Parameters:
1. Area
Discuss the effects of peak flow and time for flood flow to reach a
given station. cETDIA
2. Gravelius form factor = Gf = Average width

––––––––––––––––
Axial length of basin
Discuss the relationship of the basin form factor with intense rainfall.
3. Bifurcation ratio
Discuss the ratio of the number of streams (in the watershed) of any
given order to the number of the streams in the next lower order and
its influence on flood discharges.
4. Elongation ratio
Discuss the ratio between the diameter of a circle with the same area
as the watershed and the maximum length of the watershed (which is
the distance from the outlet to the farthest point in the watershed).
5. Circulatory ratio (compactness coefficient)
Discuss the ratio of the circumference of a circle of the same area, as
the basin to the basin perimeter.
6. Basin length
Discuss the measure from the outlet of basin to its drainage divide.
AacDHE
B. Watershed-Relief Features
1. Relief ratio = highest point - lowest point

—––––––––––––––––––––
Maximum basin length
Discuss the relief ratio together with climatic factors of erosion in

relation to sediment yield.
2. Relative relief = highest elevation

–––––––––––––––
Perimeter of the basin
3. Elevation
Discuss the variation in elevation, median elevation and mean

elevation of a watershed in relation to temperature and precipitation.
4. Slope
Discuss the mean slope, slope maps, and maximum valley slope.
The following slope classification shall be used.
Sub-watershed Slope Area

(Hectares)
Level to gently sloping

(0-8%)
Moderate (8-18%)
Steep (18-30%)
Very Steep (30-50%)
Severely Steep (> 50%)
C. Channel Morphology.
Describe the drainage net of a watershed and correlate the hydrologic and
sediment characteristics within the watershed using Cross section and profile;
Sinuosity index (SI); Stream ordering; and Stream length. DHTECc
D. Discuss the drainage texture of the watershed using the following:
1. Drainage density
Dd = L = Total length of stream

–– ––––––––––––––––––
A area of watershed
Describe the efficiency with which a stream collects and

discharges available water.
2. Discuss the stream density.
DS = N = number of streams
–– –––––––––––––––
A area of watershed
3. Length of overland flow
Discuss the distance over which runoff will flow before concentrating
into permanent channels.
Fl = 1
–––––
2 Dd
2.1.3 GEOLOGY
Indicate and discuss the general geological composition, formation, age and lithology
relative to map of Geo-hazard areas/Seismicity of areas near fault lines. Relate watershed
geology to its hypsometry and its influence in the erosion cycle of the watershed.
Discuss the geological feature (textural and structural) of the watershed in relation to
soil and water. Support with a geologic map. Discuss also whether there are indications of
underground water, seepage, and filtration. Indicate the effects of the geological feature on
the watershed hydrology. Data may be accessed from the Mines and Geosciences unit of the
DENR or from other concerned Offices. cEAIHa
2.1.4 SOIL
Indicate and discuss major soil type condition and characteristics, and erosion
susceptibility based on soil map. Include the influence of soil characteristics and infiltration
capacity of watersheds and subsequent surface runoff, groundwater recharge and related
processes. Assess soil characteristics relative to the suitability of an area for crop production.
Essential features to be included are:
A. Soil texture = relative proportions of various size groups.
Clay = less than 0.002 mm in diameter.
Silt = greater than 0.002 mm but less than 0.05 mm.
Sand = greater than 0.05 but less than 200 mm.
B. Soil structure
Discuss the aggregation of primary soil particles into compound particles or

clusters, in terms of grade (structureless, weak, moderate, strong); size (very
fine, fine, medium, coarse and very coarse); and shape (platy, prismatic,
columnar, blocky, sub-angular, granular or crumb).
C. Bulk Density and Permeability
Discuss the quality of soil that enables it to transmit water or air (very slow,
slow, moderately slow, moderate, moderately rapid, rapid, and very rapid).
D. Erosion Condition
Describe the area affected by various types of soil erosion prevailing in the
watershed area such as:
• Non-slight erosion
• Moderate erosion
• Severe erosion
• Very Severe erosion
Each degree or type of soil erosion should be presented by areas (in hectares)
and supported with maps.
Emphasize water quantity, quality and appropriate uses.
Identify priority area requiring immediate attention and relate erosion

condition with the suitability of land uses and the effectiveness of various
conservation strategies. THcaDA
E. Soil Fertility
Discuss pH, plant nutrient and organic matter content, and origin of parent
material (e.g., limestone, volcanic, alluvial, etc.)
F. Soil Depth
Discuss the conduct of soil survey and analysis. Collect soil samples from the
upper, middle, and lower elevations. Bring collected soil samples to the
laboratory for analysis. Secondary data will suffice, if this information is
available in other concerned agencies.
Indicate major soil type condition and characteristics and erosion

susceptibility based on soil map. Include discussion on morphological
characteristics and chemical properties of the soil in the watersheds. IDTSaC
2.1.5 LAND CLASSIFICATION/LEGAL STATUS OF LAND
Discuss the extent of Alienable and Disposable Lands (A&D) and forestlands in
terms of area coverage within watershed. Present the extent of area in tables and land
classification map.
2.1.6 LAND CAPABILITY
Discuss the capacity of land to support the production of a given combination of

plants and animals and the allocation of different subwatersheds to the best uses.
The WMPT can use available system of land capability classification developed by
the USDA Soil Conservation Service, or adopt the Land Management Unit (LMU) approach
being employed by BSWM.
2.1.7 LAND USE
Make a survey of the land uses, either in the field or in the office using recently taken
aerial photographs or satellite imageries. Most land uses, especially those that involve human
interventions, affect soil properties of a watershed.
Discuss the prevailing and actual manner in the utilization of land, its allocation,
development, and management. Discuss further its existing land-use type per municipality
and extent (in ha.), supported by tables.
Obtain land-based maps from BSWM-DA and forest cover maps for the country from
NAMRIA. If resources are sufficient, gather also past and recent satellite imageries from
various concerned sources. AaITCS
• Land Use Category:
• Built-up areas
• Barren Land
• Lahar
• Inland Water
• Inland Water pond
• Fishpond
• Agriculture areas
• Forest
 Production
 Protection
 Other Uses/Special Uses
Discuss this portion based on existing land use, tenurial arrangements and
existing/proposed foreign-assisted and locally-funded projects in the watershed. Support
discussion with the Municipal/Provincial land use map.
2.1.8 CLIMATE
Indicate the climate type where the area belongs. Include climatic data on actual
precipitation (rainfall distribution, pattern, intensity, amount, and extreme rainfall events, air
temperature, evaporation, relative humidity and wind direction or velocity, if available).
Where a weather station does not exist within the watershed, inferences may be drawn from
climatic data obtained from the nearest PAG-ASA weather station.
Discuss the indicative influence of climate on the different biophysical and

socio-economic features and processes within a watershed.
2.1.9 HYDROLOGY
Include data on surface run-off, stream flow or discharge, soil erosion and sediment
load. cSEaTH
Relate description with the drainage map. The following data are needed:
• Drainage pattern
• Stream flow rate (daily/annual)
• Peak flow and minimum flow
• Sedimentation
• Stream flow quantity/quality; dissolved chemical constituents such as Ca,

nitrate, phosphate, etc. and micro-organisms (fecal and total coliform) and
physical and chemical properties of water (temperature, conductivity, pH,
salinity, COD).
• Location of springs including discharge
• Water Uses (irrigation, hydropower, domestic, industrial use, etc.) with an

indication of the water yield in terms of quality (potability pollution level) and
quantity (volume and flow regime).
Discuss the streamflow rate and quality by using a wide variety of methods and
instrumentations. Data can be generated through various means, such as rainfall-streamflow
relationship and modeling.
2.1.11 INFRASTRUCTURE
Describe all existing/proposed infrastructure facilities/projects to be introduced.

Indicate this in the land uses map.
2.2 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
2.2.1 VEGETATION
Discuss the vegetation analysis in determining the composition, type and structure of
plant communities, volume and density of trees, and percent ground and canopy cover in a
watershed.
Use aerial photographs and remotely sensed imageries of vegetation distribution and
quality information, as available. AcDaEH
Present the existing forest cover, including species composition of the supported by
vegetative cover map. Results shall be presented in terms of volume, biodiversity indices,
and/or endangered/threatened status. Use FAO land/forest cover categories:
•
Forest
• Closed Broadleaved Forest
• Open Broadleaved Forest
• Closed Coniferous Forest
• Open Coniferous Forest
• Closed Mixed Forest
• Open Mixed Forest
• Closed Broadleaved Plantation
• Open Broadleaved Plantation
• Closed Coniferous Plantation DAHEaT
• Open Coniferous Plantation
• Closed Bamboo/Boho Formation
• Open Bamboo/Boho Formation
• Closed Mangrove Forest
• Open Mangrove Forest
•
Other Wooded Land
• Shrubs
• Forest fallow system
• Wooded grassland
•
Other Lands
• Grassland
• Marshland
• Annual Crop
• Perennial Crop
2.2.2 FAUNA
Assess the faunal population in a watershed to determine species composition,

density, distribution or occurrence, and diversity for proper management. Present results of
faunal inventory in terms of volume, biodiversity indices and/or conservation status.
Enumerate the conservation status whether critically endangered, endangered,

vulnerable, other threatened species, and other wildlife species.
2.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY AND DEMOGRAPHY
Describe and analyze the socio-economic features of the watershed. Discuss the roles
of the various stakeholders within the watershed that influence the watershed sustainability.
DIcTEC
The WMPT can use the following primary data collection tools: informal survey,
direct observation, use of key informants, group or individual interviews, iterative
discussion/village-level participatory workshop, and formal verification survey. cDACST
2.3.1 POPULATION AND DENSITY
Gather information on the number of population segregated by sex, age, and their
distribution in the watershed area, by barangay. Tabulate data by barangay and attach as
appendix. These data may be taken from the office of the Barangay Captain or Office of the
Mayor. Make appropriate graphs and tables. Relate discussion on the population map. cDSAEI
2.3.2 AGE STRUCTURE
Indicate age range and dependency ratio of the present population within the locality
or affected areas. Classify according to age classes. Use this information to estimate the
number of potential workers or participants in the watershed.
2.3.3 HOUSEHOLD/FAMILY SIZE
Indicate average number of persons per household.
Gather data from the municipal office or the Barangay Captains. These data should be
tabulated for presentation.
2.3.4 LIVELIHOOD AND INCOME/PROFILE/SOURCES
Present level of income of the occupants based on their present occupation. Discuss
the average annual household income per municipality and primary sources of livelihood in
the community. Validate these during the field visits.
These data can be gathered from existing municipal socio-economic profile.
2.3.5 SECTORAL PRODUCTION
Discuss the major source of livelihood in the community with respect to agriculture,
fishery, forestry, mining and quarrying trade and industry, financing network and other
industry type.
2.3.6 EMPLOYMENT PATTERN AND PROJECTION
Indicate current employment and unemployment status opportunities and projections

up to the next 10 years.
2.3.7 SOCIAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND MEDICAL SERVICES
Discuss birth, mortality statistics, as well as the medical services in the community.
Generate statistics on the educational level of the people, and social services available in the
area. Tabulate the data.
2.3.8 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION
Discuss the accessibility of the project area and the means of transportation available.
Data on this may be taken from the roadmap of the municipality. Indicate also the frequency
of trips per day. Gather data during field visits.
2.3.9 TOURISM AND RECREATION
Indicate the existing and potential eco-tourism and recreational spots in the locality
and the number of visitors in the area's tourist spots.
2.3.10 RELIGIOUS SECTORS, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL

ORGANIZATION
2.3.10.1 Cooperative/NGOs/Social Organization
Discuss accredited or non-accredited NGOs within the area and the services
rendered and extended to people in community development projects. Indicate
dialects spoken by the people. DETcAH
2.3.10.2 Religion
Indicate the religious affiliation of the various households in the community.
2.3.10.3 Political
Discuss the political units and boundaries of districts, municipalities,

chartered cities, barangays and sitios. Associate this with the political map of
the area affected.
2.3.10.4 Citizen Participation
Describe the participation of residents and private organizations in

decision-making, consultation, dialogues, election, etc.
2.3.10.5 Ancestral Domain Claims
Discuss areas with CALC/CADC issuances.
2.3.11 BEHAVIORAL AND CULTURAL PATTERNS
Discuss the activities and cultural patterns, motivation, reaction, perception, and
folkways of the indigenous peoples and other occupants in the watershed. Include their
positive and negative responses and attitudes, along with their reasons, towards projects and
interventions.
III. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Determine and describe the vulnerability of the watershed to natural and

anthropogenic hazards (landslide, flood, fire, deforestation, biodiversity loss, pollution, etc.)
based on the results of numerical scores of the various factors used in the analysis. The
following scales are recommended: 1 — slight (low vulnerability), 2 — fairly vulnerable, 3
— moderately vulnerable, 4 — highly vulnerable, 5 — very highly vulnerable.
Conduct consultations or workshops in coming up with mitigating measures to

address the hazards and in coming up with policy recommendations.
Identify the Hazard and Critical Factor Analysis for the following: Landslide and Soil
Erosion, Flood, Fire, Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss, Water Pollution, and others.
Determine the hazards in terms of their impact to communities and present coping-up
mechanisms, and gender sensitivity.
Discuss the mitigation and policy recommendations.
IV. ANALYSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, PROBLEMS AND
OPPORTUNITIES
Discuss both the identified and potential environmental issues and problems and
opportunities for each ecosystem in the watershed, based on the analysis of the data
presented earlier. TaDAHE
• Forest Ecosystem
• Upland Ecosystem
• Grassland Ecosystem
• Lowland/Urban Ecosystem
• Coastal and Marine Ecosystem
V. MAPS
The following maps (with the scale of 1:50,000) shall be submitted and be correlated
along with the narrative discussion. The maps should be properly dated and referenced.
Mapping conventions in terms of legends and colors, positioning as legends, etc. should be
observed and followed.
5.1 Location Map
Map showing the location of the watershed coordinates
5.2 Political/Administrative Boundary Map
Map indicating boundaries of provinces and municipalities/barangays covered

by the watershed including road network.
5.3 Climatic Classification Map
Map showing the climatic type of the watershed.
5.4 Topographic Map
Map showing the topography and elevations.
5.5 Slope Map
Map showing the slope category of the area.
Slope Category Slope Range
Level to gently sloping 0-8%
Moderate 8-18%
Steep 18-30%
Very steep 30-50%
Severely steep above 50%
5.6 Geologic Map
Map showing the geological features of the area. HaTDAE
5.7 Seismicity Map from Phivolcs
Map showing the location of faultlines, if applicable.
5.8 Drainage Map
Map showing the drainage system of the area.
5.9 Soil Map
Map showing the soil physiological properties and location of soil sampling
sites.
5.10 Vegetative Landcover Map
Map showing the land/forest cover of the area.
5.11 Land-Use Map
Land Use Category should include the following:
• Build-up area
• Forest
• Production
• Protection
• Agriculture
• Ricefield
• Cornland
• Plantation
• Other fruits
• Livestock Farm
• Fishponds
• Prawn Farms
• Saltbeds
• Others
• Other Uses/Special Uses
• Tourism/Outdoor Recreation TAIDHa
• Memorial Park
5.12 Land Management Map
• Showing areas covered by TL's
• CBFMAs
• Development projects
• Foreshore leases
• Private lands
• NIPAS areas
• IFMA/SIFMA areas
• Forest land grazing leases
• Military reservation
• Watershed Reservations
• Communal forest
• Mineral reservations and areas covered by mining rights
• Others
5.13 Land Classification Map
Map showing the boundaries of permanent forest and identifying boundary

conflicts between Land Classification (LC) and cadastral maps. EcTCAD
5.14 Soil Erosion Map
Map showing the erosion susceptibility of the area.
Description
Non-slight erosion
Moderate erosion
Severe erosion
Very severe erosion
5.15 Population Map
Map indicating the size of the population per settlement group within the
watershed. IEcDCa
5.16 Infrastructure Map
Map showing the different infrastructures within the area.
5.17 Land Capability
Based on the map prepared by the BSWM.
5.18 Map of Geo-Hazard Areas
Areas prone to landslides and floods.
VI. ANALYSES OF DATA AND INFORMATION GATHERED IN THE

CHARACTERIZATION PHASE
The WMPT shall analyze data gathered based on the integrated and participatory
management, development, and rehabilitation requirements of the watershed in relation to
the interrelationships of problems and issues existing from the forests down to the coastal
areas. As such, the nature and extent of best watershed uses shall be based on the quantity
and quality of stream flow, rate of sedimentation, level of biodiversity, and economic
activities to be maintained by stakeholders under sustainable watershed management. STaCcA
The WMPT could use any analysis tool depending on the availability of information,
the peculiarity of the watershed, and the capacity of the team.
Some of the tools often used are as follows:
1. SWOT Analysis
SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the Strengths,

Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a development initiative. It is basic,
straightforward model that provides direction and serves as a basis for the development of
plans. It is the first stage of planning and helps decision makers to focus on key issues. It
involves specifying the objective of the project and identifying the internal and external
factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. The role of SWOT
analysis is to take the information from the environmental analysis and separate it into
internal issues (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats).
Once this is completed, SWOT analysis determines if the information indicates something
that will accomplish its objectives (a strength or opportunity), or if it indicates an obstacle
that must be overcome or minimized to achieve desired results (weakness or threat). ADScCE
Simple Rules for Successful SWOT Analysis
• Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses when conducting SWOT

analysis.
• SWOT analysis should distinguish between what is the condition of the area
today, and what it could be in the future.
• SWOT should always be specific.
• Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over analysis.
• SWOT is subjective.
2. Problem Tree Analysis
Problem tree analysis is central to many forms of project planning and is

well-developed among development agencies. Problem tree analysis (also called Situational
analysis or just Problem analysis) helps to find solutions by mapping out the anatomy of
cause and effect around an issue. This brings several advantages:
a) The problem can be broken down into manageable and definable categories.
This enables a clearer prioritization of factors and helps focus objectives;
b) There is more understanding of the problem and its often interconnected and
even contradictory causes. This is often the first step in finding win-win
solutions.
c) It identifies the constituent issues and arguments, and can help establish who
and what the political actors and processes are at each stage; IESTcD
d) It can help establish whether further information, evidence or resources are

needed to make a strong case, or build a convincing solution;
e) Present issues — rather than apparent, future or past issues — are dealt with
and identified;
f) The process of analysis often helps build a shared sense of understanding,

purpose and action.
Discussion questions might include:
a. Does this represent the reality? Are the economic, political and socio-cultural
dimensions to the problem considered?
b. Which causes and consequences are getting better, which are getting worse
and which are staying the same?
c. What are the most serious consequences? Which are of most concern? What
criteria are important to us in thinking about a way forward?
d. Which causes are easiest/most difficult to address? What possible solutions or

options might there be? Where could a policy change help address a cause or
consequence, or create a solution?
e. What decisions have we made, and what actions have we agreed?
Steps:
a. List all the problems that come to mind. Problems need to be carefully
identified: they should be existing problems, not possible, imagined or future
ones. The problem is an existing negative situation, it is not the absence of a
solution.
b. Identify a core problem (this may involve considerable trial and error before
settling on one).
c. Determine which problems are "Causes" and which are "Effects".
d. Arrange in hierarchy both Causes and Effects, i.e., how do the causes relate to
each other — which leads to the other.
3. Geographic Information System (GIS)
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping and

analyzing things that exist and events that happen on earth. GIS technology integrates
common database operation such as query and statistical analysis with the unique
visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps (ESRI). Among other things,
GIS is an information technology which stores, analyzes and displays both spatial and
non-spatial data. It is a decision support system involving the integration of
spatially-referenced data in a problem solving environment. Also known as geospatial
technology, GIS is able to integrate spatial data into new analytical information. CIScaA
For the DENR field offices to perform GIS tasks, the following components are
needed: (i) People — with background and/or interested to work in GIS; (ii) Data —
availability and accuracy of the data can affect the integrity of the produced thematic maps;
(iii) Hardware — hardware capabilities can affect processing speed, ease of use, and the type
output available; (iv) Software — different GIS softwares available could be used; this
include not only actual GIS software but also various database, drawing, statistical, imaging,
and other softwares; and (v) Procedure — analysis requires well-defined, consistent methods
to produce accurate, reproducible results.
To prepare GIS-based thematic maps of the watershed, any of the following data
sources could be used depending on what is available: hardcopy maps (sometimes referred to
as analogue maps); aerial photographs; remotely sensed imagery; point data samples from
surveys (e.g., GPS readings); and existing digital data files. However, it is important to use
the Topographic Map of NAMRIA (with scale of 1:50,000) as reference in preparing the
base map of the watershed.
There are several techniques for inputting spatial data into a GIS: manual digitizing;
automatic scanning; entry of coordinates using coordinate geometry; and conversion of
existing digital data.
The GIS output could be used as inputs for watershed planning purposes and bases
for decision-making. Areas need immediate interventions could be identified through
watershed modeling (e.g., hydrological, sedimentation or erosion modeling).
4. Land Use Determination Matrix
The analyses of the data gathered during the characterization phase shall be based on
the development and rehabilitation requirements of the watershed in relation to the problems
on deforestation and the general loss of the soil fertility due to soil erosion or the rapid
destruction of soil organic matter. These are as follows:
a) For Open, cogonal, and degraded areas = Reforestation;
b) For Brushland with sporadically growing forest trees = ANR;
c) For Cultivated areas = Agroforestry;
d) For Coastal areas = Plantation establishment (in areas without mangrove

plantations) or Protection (in areas with mangrove plantation/naturally
growing mangroves);
e) For Inadequately stocked forest areas = enrichment planting;
f) For A & D areas = Seedling production for distribution to assist in the

rehabilitation of their areas;
g) For River Banks and buffer zones of A & D = structural/vegetative measures;
h) For Areas dominated by agricultural/swidden farms/kaingin = Agriculture

(0-18% in slope)/Agroforestry (18-30% slope with slight erosion and 0-18%
slope with severe or very severe erosion)/Production Forest (18-30% slope
with severe erosion or 30-50% slope with slight erosion)/Protection Forest
(18-30% slope with severe erosion or 30-50% with severe to very severe
erosion and all areas above 50% in slope); aDHCcE
i) For Areas dominated by grasslands and shrublands = Agriculture (0-18%

slope)/Agroforestry (18-30% with slight erosion)/Production Forest (18-30%
slope with severe erosion or 30-50% slope with slight erosion)/Protection
Forest (18-30% with very severe erosion or 30-50% slope with severe to very
severe erosion and all areas above 50% in slope);
j) For Areas dominated by brushlands = Agriculture (0-18%

slope)/Agroforestry/Production Forests-ANR (18-30% slope)/Production
Forests (all areas 30-50% slope)/Protection Forests (all areas above 50% in
slope); and
k) For Areas dominated by residual forests = Agriculture (all areas 0-18%

slope)/Agroforestry/Production Forests — ANR/TSI (18-30%
slope)/Production Forests — ANR/TSI (all areas 30-50% slope)/Protection
Forests — ANR/TSI (all areas above 50% in slope).
5. Other Analysis Tools
Should there be other appropriate tools made available, these would provide
additional analysis and determine several options for development interventions in a
watershed.
ANNEX C
INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN ANNOTATED OUTLINE
1. Vision and Mission Statements
State the vision and mission statements for long term (25 years), medium-term (5 to
10 years) and annual-term period.
2. Goals and Objectives
State the goals and objectives (general and specific) and expected outputs of the
IWMP.
3. Scopes and Limitations of the IWMP
Discuss the scope and limitation in the preparation of the development plan in
relation to existing situation and capacities.
4. Processes and Methodologies
Discuss the processes and methodologies involved in the formulation of the IWMP.
cHITCS
A. Preparatory activities
a. Formation of Planning Team
b. Crafting of Activity plan
c. Procurement of supplies and materials (logistics)
d. Acquisition of secondary data (base maps etc.)
e. Analysis and interpretation of secondary data to determine extent and

data gaps
f. Levelling-off workshops and meetings
B. Watershed Characterization
a. Consultation and coordination meetings
b. Focus group discussions
c. Key informant interviews
d. Transect walks
e. Community mapping
f. Socio-economic surveys and profiling
g. Collection of soil samples for analysis (at least three sites)
h. Collection of water samples for analysis
i. Flora and fauna inventory
C. Analysis of data and information
a. GIS analysis
i. Soil erodibility/susceptibility
ii Rainfall distribution and pattern
iii Vegetative maps
iv Others
b. Application of analysis/modeling tools
c. Social and cultural analysis
d. Economic analysis ASTDCH
e. Financial analysis
f. Others
D. Formulation of the IWMP
Describe the importance and show relationships among different activities and
processes undertaken to justify decisions and recommendations.
The formulation of IWMP should conform with the annotated outline.
A more detailed description of the methodology used in coming up with the IWMP
may be written and could be included as an annex.
5. Main Strategies
Discuss the watershed and ecosystem management approach as a strategy in

managing the watershed: that management intervention should be holistic, integrated, and
participatory and fully takes into account the well-being of the affected forest communities
including IPs, if present. aEcHCD
This section shall present the extent of the remaining forest cover, types and forest
categories. It should also reflect how the forest will be managed and protected, potential in
restoring forest cover in denuded forestlands as well as the roles and responsibilities of
stakeholders in the management of forests and forestlands.
The presentation of any or combination of, but not limited to the following
management interventions and strategies be made per sub-watershed basis and in the order of
priority.
A. WATER MANAGEMENT
Discuss the potential for maximizing water yield, quality and security (i.e., for the
benefit of the downstream users).
• Measures to restore forest cover
• Land suitability assessment to serve as basis for improved water resource

management
Show scope of increased water usage within the watershed area
• Provision of appropriate technologies to the on-site users of the watershed

resource
Discuss conflicts of interest over water use between upstream and downstream users
within the watershed areas. How can such conflicts be resolved?
• Adherence to water code, clean water act and other related legislation and
issuances. aHTDAc
Show scope in improving water use efficiency
• Adoption of water conservation measures
• Establishment of water impounding structures
• Enhancement of springs utilization
Restoration of polluted and silted river systems
B. MANAGEMENT OF VULNERABLE AREAS
• Flood prone areas
• Landslide prone areas
• Erodible areas
• Fire prone areas
• Biodiversity hotspots areas
C. ALLOCATION OF BEST LAND USES
1. Management of Forest and Upland Ecosystems
a. Tenured Areas
Discuss the areas under existing tenure instruments. State whether all tenure
instrument holders subscribe to the sustainable management of the forestlands and resources
under their stewardship.
Discuss the proposed interventions, documentation of best practices, sustainability

strategy, and impacts.
a.1) Protection Areas
State all areas to be placed under protection as mandated under existing rules
and regulations, such as areas 1000 meters above sea level, areas 50% in slope
and above, wilderness areas, mangrove areas, 20 meters both sides of the
river, established buffer zones, identified watershed areas which are initial
components of NIPAS, geologically hazardous and vulnerable areas.
Discuss the watershed management interventions to be implemented in areas

for protection purposes: ICacDE
• Forest Control and Fire management
• Forest Protection and Law Enforcement
• Infrastructure Development
• Creation of Multi-Sectoral Watershed Management Council
• Soil and Water Conservation Measures
• Rehabilitation/Protection of Riparian Zones
• Conservation of Flora and Fauna of Economic Value
a.2) Production areas
Identify areas to be utilized for production purposes. State any, or

combination of the following management prescriptions to be implemented in
areas for production purposes: HaTAEc
1. Assisted Natural Regeneration
2. Enrichment Planting
3. Agroforestry
4. Tree plantation establishment
5. Industrial Tree Plantations
6. Eco-tourism and recreation
7. Special uses of forestlands
8. Soil and water conservation measures
9. Grazing & pasture development
b. Untenured Areas
Discuss all forestlands without existing tenure instruments to be placed under

appropriate management schemes. Indicate any or combination of the following instruments
that can be issued in the watershed:
1. Community Based Forest Management Agreement
2. Integrated Forest Management Agreement
3. Socialized Integrated Forest Management Agreement
4. Co-Management Agreement
5. Joint Venture Agreement
6. Co-Production Sharing Agreement
7. Memorandum of Agreement
8. Adopt-a-Mountain
9. Grazing Management/Pasture
2. Management of the Lowland and Urban Ecosystems
Discuss the management practices of the lowland occupants relative to resources,

including downstream demand and utility of water and other watershed resources. ACaDTH
3. Management of Freshwater/Coastal or Marine Ecosystems
Discuss the management interventions in the coastal areas to address issues and
concerns.
6. Support Activities
a. Information, Education and Communication
Indicate IEC tools to enhance general awareness and appreciation for

watershed management concept, principles and practices; and build-up
technical capability of all stakeholders and sectors involved in the watershed
management. This could be done thru:
• Consultations;
• Workshop;
• Training;
• Brochures, handouts, primers;
• Broadcast media; and
• Cross-watershed visits.
b. Linkaging and Networking
Indicate collaboration strategies and initiatives to be undertaken and adopted

with other agencies and offices to ensure successful implementation of the
IWMP.
c. Research and Development
Include a comprehensive baseline survey and assessment as an initial activity

prior to the start of any kind of development planning and major project
interventions.
d. Human Resources Development
Discuss the capacity building strategies for the IWMPT and various
stakeholders within the watersheds such as trainings, cross visits and study
tours.
e. Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E)
Indicate the M&E system to be adopted. The M&E system to be used shall
show the progress of project (performance) with regard to the development
and management activities and impacts.
Discuss the main development strategies that will gauge the success and
failure of the project. Indicate the level of coordination, cooperation and
involvement of the different stakeholders in the project implementation. HaIESC
f. Information and Database Management
Discuss the integrated database building and management system as source of

accurate and reliable data and tool for policy and management planning.
g. Reporting
Discuss how the reporting system will be undertaken taking into consideration
the analysis on the performance in managing the watershed vis-a-vis the
approved integrated management interventions and activities, resources and
time frame.
h. Administration and supervision
Discuss the formation of the organization that will implement the

management plan, including the organizational functions and responsibilities
and the manpower requirement.
7. IWM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
A. Legitimization of the Plan
The Regional Office shall approve the plan. However, this shall be subject to review
and affirmation by a Watershed Multisectoral Technical Evaluation Committee (WMTEC) in
the Central Office.
The plan may be legitimized for adoption through:
• Resolutions
• MOAs/MOUs
• Any formal arrangement endorsed by the watershed stakeholders
B. Institutional Arrangements
Identify partner government agencies, institutions and organizations, their

involvement and commitments in plan implementation, review and updating.
Discuss the roles and responsibilities of each organization. AETcSa
C. Work and Budgetary Requirements
Discuss the different activities to be undertaken, when these will be undertaken,

including the resources needed to implement them.
• Long-term (25 years)
• Medium term (5-10 years). Out of the 25 years WFP
• Annual plan or short term plan
8. ANNEXES
The necessary maps indicating proposed management interventions shall be

appended. Likewise, the assumptions used shall be attached to serve as bases for monitoring
future planning and management activities.
Published in The Philippine Star on October 31, 2008.

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October 22, 2008

DENR MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 05-08

SUBJECT : Guidelines in the Preparation of Integrated Watershed

Pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 705, otherwise known as the "Revised

SECTION 1. Basic Policies. — The government has adopted sustainable

It is the policy of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources

SECTION 2. Objectives. — The objectives of this Memorandum Circular

2.3 To develop and maintain an effective database management system for

2.4 To upgrade the technical and operational capabilities of the DENR,

SECTION 3. Coverage. — This Circular shall cover the preparation of

SECTION 4. Definition of Terms. —

4.2 Watershed — a land area drained by a stream or fixed body of water

4.3 Watershed Characterization — the process of describing the

4.4 Watershed and Ecosystem Management (WEM) — the holistic,

4.6 Vulnerability — degree to which a system is susceptible to, or unable to

4.7 Vulnerability Assessment — an analysis of the relationship between

SECTION 5. Watershed Characterization. — Watershed characterization

The characterization process specifically involves the following activities:

5.1.1 Gathering of the necessary primary and secondary data/information

5.1.2 Determination of the present state of the watershed

• Physical, biological and socio-economic conditions

5.1.3 Identification of issues, problems, and opportunities in the various

Refer to the annotated outline of the Watershed Characterization Report in

SECTION 6. Analysis of Data and Information Gathered in the

Any analysis tool could be used singly or in combination depending on the

Some of the tools often used are as follows:

SWOT Analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the

b. Problem Tree Analysis

Problem tree analysis or Situational analysis helps to find solutions by

c. Geographic Information System (GIS)

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a decision support system

d. Land Use Determination Matrix

Land Use Determination Matrix is an analyses tool that uses data

e. Other Analysis Tools

Other appropriate tools can provide additional analysis and determine

SECTION 7. Integrated Watershed Management Plan. — Watershed

Among the activities in the preparation of the Integrated Watershed

7.1 Creation of a multisectoral and multidisciplinary planning team

7.2 Preparation of Activity Plan.

7.4 Conduct of levelling-off workshops, meetings, and consultations.

7.5 Carrying out follow-thru surveys and validation.

7.6 Preparation of Integrated Watershed Management Plan. (long, medium

Refer to the annotated outline of the Integrated Watershed Management Plan in

SECTION 8. Approval of the Plan. — The Region shall approve the

The plan may be legitimized for adoption through:

• Any formal endorsement by watershed stakeholders concerned.

SECTION 9. Human Resources Development. — The capacity building

SECTION 10. Implementation of the Plan. — The approved IWMP shall

SECTION 11. Monitoring and Evaluation. — Monitoring and evaluation

The reporting system will be undertaken taking into consideration the

SECTION 12. The Watershed Management Planning Team (WMPT). —

12.1 Composition of WMPT

Watershed Management Planning Teams (WMPTs) shall be formed where a

In cases where the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) or a Watershed

To formalize and operationalize the creation of the WMPT, the stakeholders

12.2 Roles and Responsibilities

The WMPT shall be guided by the activities enumerated in Section 7 of herein

12.3 Activity Plan of the WMPT

An activity plan indicating the sequence, schedule, timing, and duration of

Refer to the Indicative Activity Plan Format in Annex A.