CHAPTERWISE QUESTIONS

UNIT-1

1. What is principle of superposition? If two waves superposes with same frequency and constant phase
difference then derive expression for resultant intensity?
2. Derive expression for path difference in the case of reflection in thin films?
3. Explain the formation of Newton rings and derive expressions for diameters of bright and dark fringes.
What are conditions for obtaining sustained interference pattern?
4. Discuss the applications of interference. Explain determination of wave length of the monochromatic light
and refractive index of a given liquid using Newton ring’s experiment.
5. Distinguish between Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction.
6. Explain the Fraunhofer diffraction due to single slit.
7. Explain diffraction grating and derive grating equation.
8. What is grating spectrum? Draw grating spectrum for monochromatic and white light.
UNIT-2
9. Derive relation between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission of radiation in terms of Einstein
coefficients?
10. Explain characteristics of lasers. List out the differences between spontaneous and stimulated emission of
radiation.
11. Explain a) population inversion b) components of lasers c) cavity resonator.
12. Explain population inversion in three level and four level schemes.
13. With the help of suitable diagrams, explain the construction and working of ruby laser.
14. With the neat diagram, explain the construction and working of He-Ne laser.
15. Explain the principle of an optical fiber. Derive expression for numerical aperture and acceptance angle of
an optical fiber.
16. Explain the construction of an optical fiber with neat sketch.
17. Write important applications of lasers in various fields.
UNIT-3
18. Derive the expression for de-Broglie wave length in terms of applied voltage. What are the basic properties
of matter waves?
19. Write limitations and physical significance of wave function. Explain Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

S. Ravi Kumar, Associate Professor, VIIT, Duvvada.

20. Derive Schrödinger’s time independent wave equation in three dimensions.
21. Derive Schrodinger’s time dependent wave equation.
22. Derive expressions for energy and wave function for a particle in a one dimensional potential well.
UNIT-4
23. Explain bond formation in an intrinsic and extrinsic type semi conductor.
24. Derive expression for electrical conductivity of an intrinsic type semi conductor.
25. What is Hall Effect? Derive expression for Hall coefficient in case of electrons and holes. Write applications
of Hall’s effect.
26. Explain basic logic gates with circuit symbols and truth tables.
27. Explain the terms i) Min term ii) Max term iii) Sum of products (SOP) iv) Product of sums (POS).
28. Derive expressions for current densities (J) in case of drift and diffusion currents and deduce Einstein’s
equation for drift and diffusion currents.
29. Discuss basic laws in Boolean algebra.
30. State and prove Demorgan’s theorems.
UNIT-5
31. Explain the procedure for designing combinational circuits.
32. Explain the procedure with an example for minimization of logic expressions by K- map method with 2-
level and 3-level implementation.
33. Explain the procedure for minimization of logic expressions using NAND and NOR implementation.
34. Explain the procedure for designing half adder and full adder along with truth table.
35. Explain briefly multiplexers and de-multiplexers.
36. Explain briefly Encoders and Decoders.

Note: Preparation of all concepts from syllabus copy is mandatory. But however question bank is provided
for quick revision to improve confidence levels in the students.
Preparation order for effective revision:
UNIT-5, UNIT-3, UNIT-1, UNIT-4, UNIT-2

ALL THE BEST

S. Ravi Kumar, Associate Professor, VIIT, Duvvada.