1. Q: Write the proper use of hacksaw. Chap 7.3, topic: 7.3.1.

6:
When using a hacksaw, observe the following procedures:
• Select an appropriate saw blade for the job.
• Clamp the work in the vise in such a way that will provide as much bearing surface as
possible and will engage the greatest number of teeth.
• Indicate the starting point by nicking the surface with the edge of a file to break any
sharp corner that might strip the teeth. This mark will also aid in starting the saw at
the proper place.
• Hold the saw at an angle that will keep at least two teeth in contact with the work at
all times. Start the cut with a light, steady, forward stroke just outside the cutting line.
At the end of the stroke, relieve the pressure and draw the blade back. (The cut is
made on the forward stroke.)
• After the first few strokes, make each stroke as long as the hacksaw frame will allow.
This will prevent the blade from overheating. Apply just enough pressure on the
forward stroke to cause each tooth to remove a small amount of metal. The strokes
should be long and steady with a speed not more than 40 to 50 strokes per minute.
• After completing the cut, remove chips from the blade, loosen tension on the blade,
and return the hacksaw to its proper place

Q 2: Describe the basic points need to be followed to get good riveting results with a
pneumatic rivet gun. Chap 7.8, topic: 7.8.5.1

To get good riveting results with a pneumatic rivet gun, follow ·these basic pointers:

• Select the right type and size of rivet gun and the correct rivet set for the size of rivet to
be driven. Install the rivet set firmly, as shown in fi.

• Adjust the speed of the riveting gun (vibrations per minute). Always press set firmly
against a block of wood before pressing the trigger. Never operate the gun without
resistance against the set because the vibrating action may cause the retaining spring to
break, allowing the gun set to fly out of the gun. Also, free vibration may flare or
mushroom the gun end of the set, causing it to bind in the barrel of the gun.

• Hold the rivet set at right angles to the work to prevent damage to the rivet head or the
surrounding material. Upset the rivet with a medium burst from the rivet gun.

• Remove the bucking bar and check the shop head of the rivet. It should be one and one-
half times the diameter of the rivet in width and one-half times the rivet diameter in
height. If the rivet needs further driving, repeat the necessary procedures to complete
the job.
 Q3: Briefly describe the types of belt drive. Write the factors upon which the selection of
a belt drive depends. Ref: 7.12.2
Selection of a Belt Drive:

Following are the various important factors upon which the selection of a belt drive depends:
1. Speed of the driving and driven shafts.
2. Speed reduction ratio.
3. Power to be transmitted.
4. Centre distance between the shafts.
5. Positive drive requirements
6. Shafts layout.
7. Space available and
8. Service conditions.

The belt drives are usually classified into the following lime groups :

1.Light drives: These are used to transmit small powers at belt speeds upto about 10m/s as in
agricultural machines and small machine tools.

2. Medium Drives: These are used to transmit medium power at belt speeds over 10 m/s but
up to 22 m/s. as in machine tools.

3. Heavy drives: These are used to transmit large power at belt speeds above 22 m/s-as
compressors and generators.

Q4 : Write the Characteristics of a Good Weld. Ref: 7.15.2.7

A completed weld should have the following characteristics:

• The seam should be smooth, the bead ripples evenly spaced, and of a uniform
thickness.
• The weld should be built up, thus providing extra thickness at the joint.
• The weld should taper off smoothly into the base metal.
• No oxide should be formed on the base metal close to the weld.
• The weld should show no sign of blow holes, porosity, or projecting globules.
• The base metal should show no signs of burns, pits, cracks, or distortion.
Q5: Write the important weight and balance information found in a Type Certificate Data
Sheet.

Some of the important weight and balance information found in a Type Certificate Data Sheet
is as follows:

1. Center of gravity range

2. Maximum weight
3. Leveling means
4. Number of seats and location
5. Baggage capacity
6. Fuel capacity
7. Datum location
8. Engine horsepower
9. Oil capacity
10. Amount of fuel in empty weight
11. Amount of oil in empty weight

Q6: Suppose you are assigned for fueling operation. Describe what should you check
prior to fueling. Ref: 7.17.4.1.

➢ Ensure all aircraft electrical systems and electronic devices, including radar, are
turned off.
➢ Do not carry anything in the shirt pockets. These items could fall into the fuel tanks.
➢ Ensure no flame-producing devices are carried by anyone engaged in the fueling
operation. A moment of carelessness could cause an accident.
➢ Ensure that the proper type and grade of fuel is used. Do not mix AVGAS and JET
fuel.
➢ Ensure that all the sumps have been drained.
➢ Wear eye protection. Although generally not as critical as eye protection, other forms
of protection, such as rubber gloves and aprons, can protect the skin from the effects
of spilled or splashed fuel.
➢ Do not fuel aircraft if there is danger of other aircraft in the vicinity blowing dirt in
the direction of the aircraft being fueled. Blown dirt, dust, or other contaminants can
enter an open fuel tank, contaminating the entire contents of the tank.
➢ Do not fuel an aircraft when there is lightning within 5 miles.
➢ Do not fuel an aircraft within 500 feet of operating ground radar.
Q7: Suppose you are assigned for ground deicing operation of aircraft. Describe what
you should check after de-icing of aircraft. Ref: 7.17.5
Check to be carried out after de-icing of aircraft:

• Check that there is no build up of de-icing fluid around the aircraft and in the intakes.
• Ensure that all the de-icing equipment has been removed.
• Functional check of the flying controls.
• Operating mechanisms that have been sprayed with hot fluid may need to be re-
lubricated.
• Ensure instrument probes are free of ice.
• Inspect for damage i.e. vortex generators, instrument probes, aerials, transparencies,
composite panels
• As components shrink in cold conditions inspect hydraulic components i.e. Oleos, u/c
jacks, etc

Q8: Describe corrosion preventive maintenance functions: Ref: 7.18.3

Corrosion preventive maintenance includes the following specific functions

➢ Adequate cleaning
➢ Thorough periodic lubrication
➢ Detailed inspection for corrosion and failure of protective systems
➢ Prompt treatment of corrosion and touchup of damaged paint areas
➢ Keeping drain holes free of obstructions
➢ Daily draining of fuel cell sumps
➢ Daily wipe down of exposed critical areas
➢ Sealing of aircraft against water during foul weather and proper ventilation on warm,
sunny days
➢ Maximum use of protective covers on parked aircraft

Q9: Describe the various types of corrosion Ref: 7.18.3

Types of corrosion
Surface Corrosion:

Surface corrosion appears as a general roughening, etching, or pitting of the surface of a

metal, frequentlyaccompanied by a powdery deposit of corrosion products. Surface corrosion
may be caused by either directchemical or electrochemical attack.
Filiform Corrosion:

Filiform corrosion gives the appearance of a series of small worms under the paint surface. It is often
seen on surfaces that have been improperly chemically treated prior to painting.

Dissimilar Metal Corrosion:

Extensive pitting damage may result from contact between dissimilar metal parts in the
presence of a conductor.

Intergranular Corrosion:

This type of corrosion is an attack along the grain boundaries of an alloy and commonly
results from a lack of uniformity in the alloy structure. Aluminum alloys and some stainless
steels are particularly susceptible to this form of electrochemical attack. Very severe
intergranular corrosion may sometimescause the surface of a metal to “exfoliate.” This is a
lifting or flaking of the metal at the surface due to delamination of the grain boundaries
caused by the pressure of corrosion residual productbuildup. This type of corrosion is
difficult to detect in its initial stage.
Stress Corrosion:

Stress corrosion occurs as the result of the combined effect of sustained tensile stresses and a
corrosive
environment.

Fretting Corrosion:

Fretting corrosion is a particularly damaging form of corrosive attack that occurs when two mating
surfaces, normally at rest with respect to one another, are subject to slight relative motion. It is
characterized by pitting of the surfaces and the generation of considerable quantities of finely divided
debris.

Heating Corrosion:
Due to high temperature heat treatment of the metal is loss hence corrosion is occurred

Microbiological corrosion:
Cladasporium resinae (fungal Growth) in fuel tank.