chemistry

9.2 Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law ....................... 469
9.3 Stoichiometry of Gaseous Substances, Mixtures, and Reactions.......................................... 483
9.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases .................................................................................................. 495
9.5 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory...................................................................................................... 500
9.6 Non-Ideal Gas Behavior ............................................................................................................... 506
Chapter 10: Liquids and Solids ................................................................................................................... 525
10.1 Intermolecular Forces ................................................................................................................. 526
10.2 Properties of Liquids ................................................................................................................... 539
10.3 Phase Transitions ....................................................................................................................... 545
10.4 Phase Diagrams .......................................................................................................................... 556
10.5 The Solid State of Matter ........................................................................................................... 564
10.6 Lattice Structures in Crystalline Solids..................................................................................... 570
Chapter 11: Solutions and Colloids ............................................................................................................ 603
11.1 The Dissolution Process ............................................................................................................. 604
11.2 Electrolytes ................................................................................................................................... 609
11.3 Solubility........................................................................................................................................ 612
11.4 Colligative Properties .................................................................................................................. 622
11.5 Colloids ......................................................................................................................................... 641
Chapter 12: Kinetics ...................................................................................................................................... 661
12.1 Chemical Reaction Rates .......................................................................................................... 662
12.2 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates ............................................................................................. 667
12.3 Rate Laws .................................................................................................................................... 670
12.4 Integrated Rate Laws.................................................................................................................. 678
12.5 Collision Theory ........................................................................................................................... 689
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms ................................................................................................................ 695
12.7 Catalysis ....................................................................................................................................... 701
Chapter 13: Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts ...................................................................................... 729
13.1 Chemical Equilibria ..................................................................................................................... 730
13.2 Equilibrium Constants................................................................................................................. 734
13.3 Shifting Equilibria: Le Châtelier’s Principle .............................................................................. 743
13.4 Equilibrium Calculations ............................................................................................................. 749
Chapter 14: Acid-Base Equilibria ................................................................................................................ 777
14.1 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases ............................................................................................. 778
14.2 pH and pOH ................................................................................................................................. 782
14.3 Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases .................................................................................... 789
14.4 Hydrolysis of Salt Solutions ....................................................................................................... 809
14.5 Polyprotic Acids ........................................................................................................................... 817
14.6 Buffers ........................................................................................................................................... 821
14.7 Acid-Base Titrations .................................................................................................................... 829
Chapter 15: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes .................................................................................... 855
15.1 Precipitation and Dissolution ..................................................................................................... 856
15.2 Lewis Acids and Bases .............................................................................................................. 873
15.3 Multiple Equilibria ........................................................................................................................ 878
Chapter 16: Thermodynamics ..................................................................................................................... 901
16.1 Spontaneity .................................................................................................................................. 901
16.2 Entropy.......................................................................................................................................... 905
16.3 The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics .................................................................. 911
16.4 Free Energy ................................................................................................................................. 916
Chapter 17: Electrochemistry ...................................................................................................................... 937
17.1 Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions .............................................................................. 938
17.2 Galvanic Cells .............................................................................................................................. 945
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17.3 Standard Reduction Potentials.................................................................................................. 950