ST.

VINCENT
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Cagamutan Norte, Leganes, Iloilo - 5003
Tel. # (033) 396-2291 ; Fax : (033) 5248081
Email Address : [email protected]

COO – FORM 12

SUBJECT TITLE: PHYSICAL FITNESS AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

INSTRUCTOR: ALMERIA, JOHN REY,. LPT
SUBJECT CODE: PE3

MODULE 2

Topic 1: Shots and Strokes

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this topic, the students are expected to:

1. know the different kinds of Badminton Shots

2. learn the Badminton Strokes
3. discuss the Badminton Styles and Play
4. appreciate the importance of Badminton in physical fitness

NOTES:

Badminton Shots

Clear shot/ Lob

Trajectory: high, towards the back court
Played from: Back court
Purpose: Defensive shot

Aim of this shot is to let the shuttle fly high in the air and land at your
opponent’s back court. It is used when you need time to get back to the base

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before the next return or if you don’t have a clear opportunity to kill and win the
point.

Overhead Defensive Clear

Underarm Defensive Clear

When would you use a clear shot in badminton?

As we said at the beginning of the post, clear shots are mostly used in
singles, but they can have a small use also in doubles.

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When would you use a clear shot in badminton singles?

In singles, there is a phase on the point which is called neutral play. Here,
you are testing the waters in order to find a weakness on your partner and gain an
advantage. During this phase of the rally, clear shots are widely used because they
are low-risk shots. As in finance, low risk means low returns, so you will hardly ever
win a rally with a clear shot, but it can be useful in order to start building up a good
attack.

Another moment where you can use a clear shot is when you are at a
disadvantage and you need some time in order to recover your posture and
position. In this case, a defensive clear shot can help you gain a few extra seconds
that can help you go back to a less disadvantageous position. The risk with a very
defensive shot is that, if it falls very short from the rear line, your opponent might
have an easy time attacking it and winning the rally.

Last, but not least, you can also use a clear shot in singles as a change in
gears. You can use an offensive clear shot in order to speed things up a bit after a
long neutral play phase. You can also use a defensive clear shot in order to slow
things down after you have attempted a few offensive shots but you have not
gained many advantages and you need to try a different type of attack.

When would you use a clear shot in badminton doubles?

As useful as the clear shot is in singles, you should hardly use it in doubles.
In doubles, it is extremely important to keep the initiative of the point when you
have it. Therefore, using a clear shot would just give the initiative of the rally to
your opponents in a silver tray, which is a receipt for disaster.

The only exception is that sometimes you would want to use a clear shot in
doubles as a surprise shot. In this case, you will most likely use an offensive clear
shot because with a defensive one your opponents would have time to recover from
the surprise and use the initiative that you have given them.

Drop shot
Trajectory: Looping close to the net
Played from: Back court
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Purpose: Attacking Shot

It is used when the shuttle is heading towards you in the back court. As an
attempt to this stroke, the player must hit downward towards the opponent’s fore-
court, aiming for it to go just over the net. The closer the shuttle drops to the net,
the harder it is to return.

This shot is used when the opponent is in the back court, expecting a clear
shot or a drive. The badminton drop shot is semi-offensive. It’s performed from the
back of the court and is usually used to maintain the pace of the game. The
defensive clear slows down the pace of the game because it keeps the shuttle in the
air for quite a while. The drop shot, on the other hand, maintains the pace of the
game.

A drop shot performed at a steep angle lands on the ground quicker,

compared to the clear or lob. Your opponent has to rush forward to
retrieve it. Hit the drop shot ONLY when you’re comfortable with the pace of the
game. In other words, perform a drop shot when you’re playing at a
similar pace or a faster pace than your opponent.

Drive shot
Trajectory: Flat, towards the body
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Played from: Mid-court
Purpose: Defensive Shot

The drive is a flat shot hit directly and slightly over the net. It is a very
powerful and quick counter attacking shot. Your racket should be held with the
head facing straight ahead. It can sometimes be strategic to aim the shot at your
opponent who will be unable to react or shift his body in time as their natural
reaction will be to duck/avoid the shot.

Badminton Drive shots are shots that cross the net flatly in a horizontal
trajectory. It can be played both on the forehand and backhand sides.

The drive is an attacking shot that is usually played from the sides of the
court when the shuttle has fallen too low for it to be returned with a smash. The
shuttle shall be between your shoulder and knee height.

It is widely used in doubles as players want to keep the shuttle low. Although to a
lesser extent in the singles, it is an important stroke as well.

A flat and fast drive is useful in getting the shuttle behind your
opponent, potentially causing them to make a weak return. You can also change
your tactics and play a flat but slower drive shot that falls in the frontcourt or
midcourt area. It all depends on the situation you are in and on the court
positioning of your opponent.

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 Badminton drive shot can be played diagonally crosscourt or straight down
the line. Your stroking motion is similar to a sidearm throwing motion. Footwork is
important as you need to shuffle or glide to your sides to make the shot.

Smash
Trajectory: Close to the net
Played from: Back court/Mid-court
Purpose: To provide less time for the opponent

The most lethal shot in badminton. It can be defined as a drive angled

downwards. It can be used when the shuttle is high in the air and can be angled
downwards. The smash is often known as the ‘winning shot’ in badminton. It’s used
with the intention to end a rally. The smash is one of the most powerful badminton
shots (apart from the jump smash) that is fired from a steep angle. However, when
you decide to smash, you’re taking a risk. Smashing causes you to lose a certain
degree of balance. Thus, make sure that your smash will win you a rally point, or at
least force a very weak return from your opponent.
In order to minimize your risks and ensure your smash works towards your
advantage, you should:
1. Get behind the shuttle as early as possible so that you are able to hit the
shuttle when it is still high up. This allows you to smash the shuttle at a
steep angle.
2. Maintain extremely good body balance before you smash.

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 3. Make sure that your opponent is off-guard. This means that your opponent is
not ready to retrieve the smash.
If you do not satisfy the conditions above, hit the drop shot instead and wait
for another chance. You’ll be taking unnecessary risks if you fire a smash without
satisfying the conditions above. Without you knowing, you may be giving your
opponent the chance to counter your smash!

Badminton Jump Smash

This is a more powerful version of the badminton smash. It is also one of the
hardest badminton shots to perform.
To hit this shot, you will simply need to jump and hit the smash in mid-air. This
will:

 Create a steeper angle for your smash

1. Enable you to inject more power into your smash
- The badminton jump smash is the most powerful offensive shot in
badminton.

Remember, the conditions for performing a smash (mentioned above in

“badminton smash”)? You’ll need to satisfy those conditions before performing the
jump smash.

Net Lift
Trajectory: high, towards the back court
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Played from: Forecourt
Purpose: Defensive shot

The net lift sends the shuttle high up to your opponent’s baseline. It is hit
from very close to the net. When you find it difficult to retrieve your opponent’s net
shot, you can choose the defensive net lift. Do not hesitate to lift it high and
towards the back court. This can prevent your opponent from striking with a net
kill. Practice to lift the shuttle high enough so the shuttle won’t hit the net.

In some instances, your opponent might be very good at net play. They may
perform extremely good badminton shots along the net. When you’re finding it
difficult to retrieve your opponent’s badminton shots along the net, perform the
defensive net lift.

The net lift sends the shuttle high up to your opponent’s baseline.
It is similar to the underarm defensive clear but the net lift is
usually performed very closely to the net. Therefore it is important that you
practice to lift the shuttle high enough so that the shuttle won’t hit the net.

Net Kill
Trajectory: Flat and downwards
Played from: Fore court
Purpose: To end a rally
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 A very useful shot to end a rally when your opponent executes a poor quality
(too high) net shot. Practice these shots and master them.

TIP: Once you have good control over the shots, try to disguise them and be
unpredictable. This will make it hard for your opponent to react.

The net kill is a useful skill to end a rally when if your opponent
executes a poor-quality net shot (net shot that is too high). When your opponent
plays a net shot that is too high, strike with a net kill!

Badminton Kill

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 A badminton net kill simply means hitting the shuttle at the net area
downwards to your opponent's court. A net kill is NOT a badminton smash. The net
kill is much faster to execute and does not require much preloading time compared
to the classic badminton smash. Lift to hit a shuttle in with an upward trajectory; a
defensive return.

Badminton Net Shot (Tumbling/Spinning Net Shot)

Badminton shots along the net (known as “net shots”) are used to create
opportunities and dominate the front of the court. It is a very important skill to help
you win badminton rallies. A good net shot can force your opponent to perform a
high lift/clear, so that you can play a winning smash. A tumbling net shot enables
the shuttle to tumble across just slightly above the net. A tight spinning net shot
will force your opponent to lift to the mid court area. An extremely good net shot
(shuttle lands on the top of the net and then drops to the other side) can
sometimes be the ‘killer shot’.

Badminton Push

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 As the terms suggest, you push it away from your opponent, so your
opponent cannot get to it. Basically, you can do a forehand push, where you push
using your forehand, or you can push with a backhand

Badminton Serve

The serve must be hit in an upwards direction, with an underarm hitting

action. You are not allowed to play a tennis style serve. The main rule here is that
when you hit the shuttle, it must be below your waist. To be exact, the rules define
this to be a height level with the lowest part of your ribcage.

1.2 Badminton Strokes

Overhead Stroke

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 Overhead also known as overhead, a stroke played from the height above
the head. The overhead is the most important stroke in badminton. All the fur basic
shots in badminton may be delivered from the forehand or backhand sides and with
an overhand action: the clear, the smash, the drop shot, and the drive. You can use
both forehand and backhand to move your opponent around the court.

Badminton Underam Stroke

The badminton underarm forehand stroke is performed when you take a

shuttle in front of you (normally when your opponent hits a drop shot to you). It's
fairly easy to inject power into underarm strokes (compared to overhead strokes).

Badminton Styles and Plays

2.1 Badminton Styles

Deception

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 The art of deceiving ones opponent by feinting or disguising a shots direction
until the least match. True deception relies on exploiting your opponent’s desire to
anticipate your shots. While you are trying to make your shots look the same, your
opponent will be looking for subtle clues that reveal which shot you are about to
play. You can exploit this by feeding him false information: you want him
to believe he has spotted a flaw in your shot disguise, when actually this flaw is
deliberate.
Deception is about communicating with your opponent — but the message
you’re sending is a lie. You are lying to him with your body and your racket. This lie
is a false action — you show him a shot that you’re not really going to play. For
most deceptions, the real action (your real shot) follows the false action
immediately; but some sophisticated deceptions involve showing a second false
action before the real action.

Practicing deception

The techniques for a deceptive shot can be mastered in closed practices,

where all you need is a feeder and lots of time to develop your racket skills.

But this isn’t enough. You also need to practice these shots in a real game, or
in a game-like situation (an open practice). An essential part of deception is the
ability to understand and manipulate your opponent’s perceptions.

You must learn to observe his footwork rhythms, so you can recognize
opportunities to disrupt them with a deceptive shot; the exact timing of your shot
should be intimately connected to the rhythm of his movement. But more
importantly, you must learn how to discover what’s going on inside his head.

That might sound creepy; but your opponent is always giving you clues about
what he’s thinking. Look at his posture when he receives serve; look at the
expression on his face. Is he showing signs of frustration with your low serve? Does
he look like he might rush the next one? Perhaps you should play a flick serve.

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Finesse

Hit a shot with dedicate touch, or cleverly, or craftily in its placement as

opposed to using sheer power.
Offense

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 The state of being on the attack. a style of play consisting mainly of attacking
clears, fast drops, drives, and smashes. Rush the sense a quick move towards the
net in an attempt by the receiver to smash or drive a low serve before it drops
below net top level. It is used primarily in doubles.

Exercises:
1. What are the different kinds of Badminton Shots?
2. What are the Badminton Strokes?
3. What are the Badminton Styles and Play?
4. Give the importance of Badminton in physical fitness?
5. What is the relevance of Playing badminton in our daily life?

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Topic 2: Badminton Movements

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this topic, the students are expected to:

1. know the different kinds of Badminton Movements
2. learn the Badminton Faults in badminton
3. discuss the Illegal tactics in Badminton
4. appreciate the importance of Badminton in physical fitness

NOTES:

Movements
Extensions the act of straightening the elbow and/or wrist, which causes the
racquet head to move faster than the arm and hand; a major source major.

Flexion

The act of bending the wrist towards the inside of the forearms thus
increasing racquet-head speed; a major source of power, especially when smashing
the shuttle.

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Follow through

The part of the stroke that occurs after the racquet strikes the shuttle.

Footwork

The pattern of foot movements both in preparing to hit the shuttle and in
returning to the base position.

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Lunge

A long stride forward with the racquet foot for the purpose of hitting an
underhand stroke (clear or drop shot).

Pivot

Turn on the ball of one foot and the heel of the other by lifting the heel of the
former and the ball of the latter.

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Badminton Faults and Illegal tactics

Badminton Faults

What is a fault in badminton?

To define a fault in badminton in one sentence, it refers to an action which
provides a point to your opponent if you perform it during a match. There are a lot
of violations in badminton defined by BWF in its rule book but here are the most
common ones which we see in a match

Fault
A violation of the rules that results in loss of service or loss of a point is
receiving. Rallies usually end with a fault. Whoever makes the fault loses the rally.
For example, hitting the shuttle out is a fault: you lose the rally.

Badminton Faults Types

 Service badminton Faults
 Receiving Faults
 Contact Faults
 Crossing Net Badminton Faults
 Lets
 Misconduct from Players

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Service Faults in badminton

What is a service Fault in badminton?

It refers to the actions if done while doing a serve will award a point to your
opponent

Here is the list of faults in badminton during serve:

No movement of Body

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 While you are doing a service in badminton you are not allowed to move
around, in simple words do not lift your legs Off the Ground. You can lift your Heels
but not full feet otherwise it will be called as a fault. One more thing your foot
should not touch the midcourt line while serving it is also a fault.

 Position of your racket

In past, position of racket to avoid a service fault was to keep your racket
head below your waist but now it has completely changed Because most of the
player used to complain about unfair fault given by umpire, to be fair each player
has different height and accordingly there waistline also going to differ which is an

advantage for tall players, But now there is a standard height of 1.15m.
According to this rule the whole of the shuttle shall be below 1.15 meters
from the surface of the court at the instant of being hit by the server’s racket a flag
shaped equipment will be used by service judge to check for the height of your
contact point Some racket’s shaft length is shorter than others which can be very
disturbing, check these rackets for convenient playing experience.

 Single action

If you are thinking of making deception shot while doing serve then you are
also not allowed to do it. I mean you can by doing the same action for all types of
service but not by performing double action with your racket.

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 Also keep in mind that if you miss your shuttle while doing service and it
lands on the ground without touching your racket then it is not a foul and you will
get another chance of doing service.

 Delays

Neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the
server and the receiver are ready for the service. On completion of the backward
movement of the server’s racket head, any delay in the start of the service shall be
considered an undue delay.

These are two rules rolled into one.

First, you cannot hold your serve indefinitely, hoping that the receiver will
lose concentration or become uncomfortable. Similarly, the receiver cannot delay
indefinitely. How long is an undue delay? The rules don’t say, because it’s left to
the umpire’s discretion. In club play, you just have to be reasonable you should not
take more than five seconds to serve (once ready).

Second, when serving, you cannot pause between backswing and forwards
swing many club players use this pause to upset the receiver’s timing. That is
against the rules: it’s a fault (foul).

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 Note that this rule also forbids an extremely slow serving action,
because that would constitute an undue delay.

 Hitting feather first

While serving if you made contact with shuttle’s feather first than it is a fault,
You should make contact with shuttle from bottom not by the feather.

Receiver badminton Faults

It’s not just for the server; the receiver can also commit a foul. If
while receiving service, players move even before the service has been done to
gain an unfair advantage then it is a fault means that the receiver cannot cross the
front service line and also not allowed to move before the service is been made.

You are also not allowed to move your racket around to distract server before
service, also shouting and any other use of verbal communication is not allowed
while receiving. To sum up, the receiver should stand almost still and quiet

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Touching net during a rally

Many players especially beginners ask me can i touch the net in

badminton? and the Answer to this is that

If your body or racket touch net while the shuttle is still in play then it is considered
a fault.

But if the shuttle is not in play then you touch the net it is not a fault, like
if opponent hits the shuttle out/in, shuttle hit opponent’s body here in these
situations shuttle is not in play so even if your body or racket touches the net it is
not a violation

For example, if you are rushing towards the net to make a net kill against
your opponent high net shot and suddenly you lose your balance and your body
touches the net now if the shuttle is dead means you have already hit your shot
and after that your body touches the net then it is not a fault but if the shuttle is
still in play and you touch the net then it is a fault.

Double hitting shuttle

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 If you have played volleyball match before you know that you are allowed to
hit at maximum three times to make the ball cross the net but in badminton, it is
different as soon as you hit the shuttle it must go over the net to keep rally ON,

One more thing to know that that carrying shuttle on the racket is also a
fault meaning that shuttle should make bounce on your string one time and not
stays on your racket face, it is a Fault!

When the rally ends

Badminton is much different than tennis as you know in tennis you are
allowed to hit after one bounce but in badminton as soon as the shuttle hits the
ground the rally has ended and you are not allowed to hit the shuttle after it
bounces off from the ground.

Feint
A movement made with the intent to deceive. This is legal during rallies but
illegal during a serve. Any deceptive movement that disconcerts an opponent
before or during the serve; also called a "balk". Flick: A quick wrist-and-forearm
rotation used to surprise an opponent by changing an apparently soft shot into a
faster passing shot.

Badminton Illegal Tactics

Obstruction
An illegal tactic in which one hinders an opponent from making a shot by
warning the racket to distract him or her by encroaching across the net with one's
racket.

Obstructs an opponent, i.e. prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke

where the shuttle is followed over the net; deliberately distracts an opponent by
any action such as shouting or making gestures; Remember that you are allowed to

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follow-through with your racket over the net, providing you made contact on your
side. If your opponent obstructs this — such as putting his racket in the way so that
you would be forced to hit it — then you win the rally.
Note that your opponent is allowed to put his racket in the path of the
shuttle. He is not allowed to block your stroke, but he is allowed to block your shot.
It’s a subtle distinction: your stroke is the movement of your racket; your shot is
the movement of the shuttle.
Deliberate distractions are not allowed. There’s a fine line here: the rule does
not prohibit shouting (e.g. when you smash) or expressing yourself through
gestures (e.g. a clenched fist after winning a point); but it does prohibit using these
to distract your opponent.

Unsighted
In doubles, to stand in such a way that an opponent cannot see the serve
being delivered. This is an obstruction and it is illegal.

Badminton Service

Badminton Serve
A badminton serve can be performed using 2 methods (high serve and low
serve), depending on where you want the shuttlecock to land.

The Importance of a Good Badminton Serve

A WEAK serve often creates a chance for your opponent to execute an

attacking shot. Therefore, it’s important to know how to serve properly so that you
will not lose a point after making a service.

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1. The High Badminton Serve

This type of serve is usually executed when you want the shuttle to land at
the back end of the court. A good high serve must have the shuttle dropping
steeply downwards at the back end of the court.

A high serve will prevent your opponent from executing a strong smash.
Instead, a lob or a drop is more expected from your opponent (unless they can do a
jump smash).

Try to serve the shuttlecock to your opponent’s backhand area. The objective
is to force your opponent to use his backhand. This is because most badminton
players, even world class player, have weaker backhands (compared to their
forehands)

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 For example, you’re standing at X. You are about to make a high serve and
your opponent is right handed. In that case, direct the shuttle to drop at point A.

This will force your opponent to use the backhand and hence there’s a higher
chance that he’ll return a weak shot.

If your hit it to your opponent’s backhand area, but he/she refuses to use the
backhand, he will then have to move further away from his base! This gives you the
chance to exploit an opportunity to control the game if your opponent does not
have good badminton footwork.

Let me show you how to do a high serve.

 Hold the head of the shuttlecock with its head facing downwards so that the
shuttlecock will drop straight down.
 Stand sideways (the side of your body facing the net) and relax your racquet
arm (arm that is holding the racquet).

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  Let go of the shuttlecock and swing your racquet arm upwards. As you do
this, twist your waist to the extent that your body faces the net. Flick your
wrist towards the direction you want the shuttle to land (Flick your
wrist upwards, so that the shuttlecock will fly high).
 Your back leg should lift up naturally (with your toes touching the ground).

The high serve is useful against opponents who cannot perform strong
smashes from the back of the court. However, some badminton players (especially
taller players) can execute powerful smashes even from the back of the court
(usually with a jumping smash). If this is the case, consider using the low
serve instead. This is also the reason why professional players nowadays prefer
using the low serve.

2. The Low Badminton Serve

The low serve is used when you want the shuttlecock to land in front of the
court (in front of your opponent).

A GOOD low serve will have the shuttlecock flying JUST ABOVE THE NET.

A low serve, when executed beautifully, prevents your opponent from making
an offensive shot

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 Unlike the high serve, you can let the shuttle drop anywhere in front
(forehand area or backhand area of your opponent) Neither makes a difference
because it does not disrupt your opponent’s footwork.
As a start, practice serving so that the shuttle drops right in front of your
opponent (point A in picture above).

Let me show you how to do a low serve:

 Hold the feather of the shuttlecock with the head of the shuttlecock facing
downwards.
 Position the racquet behind the shuttlecock.
 Step slightly forward with your right (left) leg if you are right handed (left
handed).
 As you let go of the shuttlecock, flick your racquet lightly while pushing your
thumb forward towards the direction you want the shuttle to land. The power
comes mainly from the push of your thumb and the slight flick of your wrist.

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3. The Flick Serve (“Fake” Low Serve)

The “fake” low badminton serve can also be used to trick your opponent
(deceive your opponent to expect a low serve).

When you stand in a low serve position, your opponent would probably
expect a low serve. However, push your thumb and flick your wrist harder so the
shuttlecock flies HIGH and heads to the back of the court!

Well, knowing how to serve is one thing. Practicing is another. If you want to
make perfect serves, keep practicing until you don’t make any mistakes!

Badminton Loss of Service

Let
Any incident that interferes with plays and requires the replay of a point;
often caused by the intrusion of shuttle or player from an adjacent Court.

Side out
An event that occurs when the server has lost the rally and the serve goes to
the opponent or opponents on the other side of the net. In doubles (except in the
first half of the first inning), a side out occurs after both partners have served and
lost their service.

Badminton Points

Every time you win a rally, you get a point. Starting from zero, the first
person to reach 21 points wins the game. In club badminton, this is usually where
you stop and choose players for the next game.

Badminton Scoring

Deciding who gets to serve first in a major tournament:

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 A coin toss is used to decide which side will serve first. In more casual club
or league games, you usually just throw the shuttle up in the air, let it land, and
see which side it points towards: that side serves first.
In standard league or tournament play, however, what really matters is
the match. A match is the best of three games: you win the match by winning two
games. So a match could last either two or three games.
Whenever you win a rally, you also get the next serve. So if your opponent
was serving in the last rally, the serve passes to you; if you were serving, you keep
on serving.

To win, you need a two-point lead:

You have to win the game by at least two points. If the score reaches 20–20,
then 21 points are no longer enough to win the game. You need to win two
clear points: two points in a row, one after the other.

For example, 22–20 would be a winning score, as would 25–23. But 21–20
would not be enough, and neither would 24–23.

If you reach 30–29, however, you’ve won the game. 30 points is the upper
limit. This rule is intended to prevent games dragging on too long, especially at the
top level of play, where excessively long games put athletes at risk of injury.

Always say the server’s score first:

It’s a good habit to say the score to your opponent before starting each rally.
It’s surprisingly easy to lose track of the score, and saying it between rallies helps
prevent disputes.

When you’re saying the score, always say the server’s score first. So if you
are serving and have 10 points to your opponent’s 15 points, then the score is 10–
15 (not 15–10).

Which side to serve from?

Remember that you have two service courts: one on the right, and one on
the left. When the server’s score is an even number, he serves from the right
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service court. When his score is an odd number, he serves from the left service
court. For this reason, the right service court is also known as the even service
court, and the left service court is known as the odd service court.

Odd numbers? Even numbers?

 Odd numbers start at 1, and go up by 2
 Even numbers start at 0, and go up by 2

So the odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and so on. The even numbers
are 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and so on.

Even and odd numbers alternate. So if you keep winning rallies, you’ll keep
serving from a different side each time: right, left, right, left, right, and so on.

Because zero is an even number, the game always starts with someone
serving from the right (even) service court.

What about the receiver?

The receiver’s position is determined not by his own score, but by the
server’s score. The receiver always stands in the service box diagonally opposite
from the server. In other words, both players will be in the even service courts, or
both will be in the odd service courts. You can never have one of each (one odd,
one even).

Scoring in doubles:

The actual scoring in doubles is simple: instead of each person winning points, each
pair wins’ points. The part that often confuses people is this: how do you decide
who serves, who receives, and which side they should be on?

At the start of the game, when the score is 0–0, the serving pair choose who
serves for the first rally, and the receiving pair choose who receives.

The even/odd rule still holds. So, if the server’s score is odd, he will serve
from the left court (if even, from the right). Just as for singles, the receiver will
stand in the diagonally opposite service court.

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 Whenever the serving side wins a rally, the same person serves again (but
from the other service court). The serve does not alternate between the partners: it
stays with one person, until the opponents win a rally and get the serve.

Everyone has a service court:

To make sense of doubles scoring, you must understand two crucial ideas:

 Every player has a service court, at all times.

 When your partner has one service court, you have the other one.

Let’s take an example: you are getting ready to serve from your left service
court. So your service court is obvious: it’s the box you have to stand inside.

Your partner is not serving or receiving, so he doesn’t have to stay within

one of the service boxes: he can stand anywhere on your court. Nevertheless, we
say that your partner has the right service court.

Bizarrely, most people say that your partner is in the right service court. This
makes no sense at all, because your partner probably has one foot in each service
court!

The same idea applies to the receiving side. In this example, the receiver has
the left service court, and his partner has the right service court. Until you serve,
the receiver must stay within his service court, but the receiver’s partner can stand
wherever he wants.

It doesn’t matter where you go during the rally:

Suppose you serve from the right service court. By the end of the rally, you
could easily be standing inside the left service box with your partner standing inside
the right box. This has no effect on your service courts for the next rally.

In other words, the service courts are set at the start of the rally. Although
you move around during the rally, the service courts don’t change. At the end of
the rally, you have to remember what your service courts were:

 Who was serving?

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  Who was receiving?
 From which side?

Once you remember this, you work out the positions for the next rally.

When you serve and win the rally:

Suppose you serve, and then your side wins the rally. For the next rally, you
will serve again, but from the other side. In other words:

When the serving side wins a rally, the server and his partner swap
service courts.

Remember that you and your partner must always have different service
courts. That’s why the server’s partner also changes service court here. This change
has no effect on the server’s partner — he can still stand wherever he wants — but
he needs to remember his service court for future rallies.

The receivers never change their service courts. The only way to
change service courts is to win a point when your side is serving.

When the receivers win a rally:

When the receiving side wins a rally, the serve passes to them. Their
service courts do not change from the previous rally.

If their new score is odd, then whoever has the left service court will serve; if
the score is even, then whoever has the right service court will serve.

Consequences of this system:

If you think it through carefully, you can figure out two interesting
consequences of this system:

 You never serve to the same person in two consecutive rallies.

 When you win back the serve, the new server is whoever wasn’t serving last
time.
Exercises:
1. What are the different kinds of Badminton Service?
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 2. What are the Badminton Points and Scoring?
3. What are the Badminton Styles and Play?
4. What is the importance of Badminton in physical fitness?
5. What is the relevance of playing badminton in daily life?

Topic 3 : BADMINTON FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this topic, the students are expected to:

a. Identifies the facilities and equipment in playing Badminton
b. Describes the equipment’s in Badminton
c. Comprehends the Badminton Terminologies

NOTES:

Racket
Is quite light and can be made of wood, aluminum, metal or synthetic
materials such as graphite or carbon. A synthetic racket is quite popular now
because of its extreme lightness and strength. A Badminton racket weighs roughly
98-100grams (31/2 oz.), and is 68cm. in length. Stringed Area Is intended to hit
the shuttle. It is of uniform pattern and does not exceed 280mm(11in.) in
lengthand 220mm. (85/8 in)in width.

Head
Bounds the stringed area.

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Throat
Connects the shaft to the head

Ferrule
Firmly connects the shaft and the handle

Handle
Is intended for a player grip

Butt
Is located at the tip of the handle.

Frame
Includes head, the throat, shaft and the handle. It is no more than 680mm
(2ft 2 ¼ in). or wider than 230 (9in).

Shuttlecock
The official name given to the shuttle or bird. It is made up of 16 goose feathers
and is firmly fixed in a leather covered cork head. It weighs from 4.74- 5.50g (75-
85 grains). it may be made of feathers, plastic or nylon.

Feathered Shuttle
Consist of 16 goose feathers. Its length is 62-70mm. (2 ½- 2 ¼). It must be
fastened firmly with thread or other suitable materials.

Cork or Base

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 Shall be 25mm- 28mm. in diameter, and is rounded on the bottom.

Court

Although courts can be set outdoors, competitive badminton is generally

played indoor where the wind and other elements will not affect the shuttle. The
Official Badminton court is 20 ft. wide, while the singles court is 17 ft. wide.

Backcourt
Also called rear court. The backcourt is 8 ft. of the court, including the back alley.

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Baseline
Also called the backline; back boundary line at each end of the end of the court
parallel to the net and the doubles long service line.

Long Service Line

In Singles, the back boundary line (baseline); in Doubles, the line 2 ½ ft. inside the
back boundary line. Any serve landing behind this line is out.
The Mid- Court
The middle third of the court from the short service line to the back third, a
distance is about 7 ½ ft.

Service Court
Area into where the service must be declined. A service may be made to the
right or left service court depending on the score.

Short Service Line

The line 6 ½ ft. from and parallel to the net. A serve must land on or behind
it to be legal.

Serving Court-Singles
The serving court for singles is bound by the short service line, the long
service line, the center line, the singles sideline, and the back boundary line of the
court. The server must stand within this court, with his feet not touching any lines.
The server court in order to have a legal service.

Serving Court- Doubles

The serving court for doubles is bound by the short service line, the center
line, the doubles sideline and the long service line. The server must stand within
this court, with his feet not touching any lines. The server must serve diagonally
over the net into his opponent’s doubles service court in order to have a legal
serve.

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Posts
The posts should stand 1.55mm (5ft, 1 in) in height from the surface of the

court. They must be placed on the doubles sidelines. For singles as well as for
doubles, they must also be firm to take the necessary tension when the net is
strained across to its full height. There should be no gap between the post and the
net through which a shuttle could pass. This can be ensured by the use of hooks

down the inside of the ports and a draw- cord along the bottom of the net.

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Net

At all times this should be strained tightly so that its height from the floor is
1.524m (5ft.) in the center and 1.55 (5ft 1 in.) at the post. A measuring rod,
1.524m (5 ft.) long, should be kept by the umpires chair to facilitate regular testing
to ensure that the net is still at its correct central height and has not sagged.

Clothing and Shoes

Male badminton players wear sleeved or sleeveless polyester shirts, polyester

shorts, thick socks, and badminton shoes. Female badminton players wear sleeved
or sleeveless polyester shirts, polyester skirts, polyester shorts, or polyester skirts,
thick socks, and badminton shoes.

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Exercises:
1. Is badminton hard to play?
2. What is the best way to play badminton
3. Which you prefer to play badminton or tennis, why?
4. Are you in favor that badminton should be learn and play by the students, why?
5. Why is it that there should be a proper dress code in playing badminton?

Topic 4: Rules and Regulation of Badminton for Singles and Doubles

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this topic, the students are expected to:

1. Discuss the Rules of the game in Badminton

2. Identify the rules and regulations implemented in Badminton
3. Explain the mechanics in Badminton
4. Appreciate the Game Badminton

NOTES:

Players

Each organization is allowed 1 singles and 1 doubles team. A

student may compete in both.

Rules
 A player must wait until his opponent is ready before serving. If the
opponent attempts a return then he is ruled having been ready.

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  The feet of both players must remain in a stationary position until the serve
is made. Your feet can not be touching the line at this time.
 It is not a fault if you miss the shuttle while serving.
 The shuttle cannot be caught and slung with the racket.
 A player cannot hold his racket near the net to ward off a downward stroke
by his opponent or to interfere with his racket.

A. Player applies to all those taking part in the match.

B. The game shall be played, in the case of doubles, by two players a side,
or in the case of singles, by one player a side
C. The side having the right to serve shall be called the serving side and the
opposing side shall be called the receiving side.

Toss
a. Before commencing the play, the opposing sides shall toss and the side
winning the toss shall exercise the choice in either Rule 1 or Rule 2.

1. To serve first
2. To choose the side of the court

Scoring
o A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.
o Every time there is a serve – there is a point scored.
o The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
o At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.
o At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
o The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

a. The opposing sides shall play the best of three games unless otherwise
arranged.
b. Only the serving side can add a point to its score.
c. In doubles and men's singles, a game is won by the first side to score
15 points, except as provided in Rule f.

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 d. In ladies singles, a game is won by the first side to score 11 points, except as
provided in Rule f
e. In case of ties:
1. If the score become 13 all or 14 all (9 or 10 all in ladies' singles), the side
which first scored 13 or 14 (9 or 10) shall have the choice of "setting or "not
setting" the game (Rule f.
2. This choice can only be made when the score is first reached and must be
made before the next service is delivered.
3. The relevant side (Rule e. 1) is given the opportunity to set all at 14 all (10
all in Ladies singles), despite any previous decision not to set by that side, or
the opposing side by 13 all (9 all in Ladies' singles).
f. If the game has been set, the score is called "Love" all, and the side scoring
the set number of points (Rule 1- 4 below) wins the game.
1 13 all set to 5 points
2 14 all set to 3 points
8. 9 all set to 3 points
4 10 all set to 2 points

Change of Ends
o A 1 minute interval between each game is allowed.
o In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11
points.
a. Players shall change ends:
1. at the end of the first game
2. prior to the beginning of the third game (if any); and
3. in the third game, or in one game match, when the leading score reaches;
-6 in a game of 11 points
-8 in a game of 15 points

Service
a. In a correct service:
1. Neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service
2. The server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service
without touching the boundary lines of this service courts; some part of both

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 feet of the server and receiver must remain in contact with the surface of the
court in a stationary position until the service is delivered (Rule 5.d).
3. The server's racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttles while the whole
of the shuttle is below the server's waist.
4. The shaft of the server's racket at the instant of hitting the extent that the
whole of the head of the racket is discernibly below the entire hand of the
server holding the racket.
5. The movement of the server’s racket must continue forward after the start of
the service (Rule 5.b), until the service is delivered.
6. The flight of the shuttles shall be upward from the server's racket to pass
over the net, so that, if not intercepted, it falls in the receiver s service court.
b. Once a player has taken his position, the first forward movement on. the
server's racket is the start of the service court.
c. The player shall not serve until the receiver is ready, if a return of service is
attempted.
d. The service is delivered when, once started (Rule 5.b), the shuttle is hit by
server's racket, or the shuttle lands on the floor
e. In doubles, the partners may take up ay positions which do not distract the
opposing server or receive

Singles
o At the beginning of the game (0-0) and when the server’s score is even, the
server serves from the right service court. When the server’s score is odd,
the server serves from the left service court.
o If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves again
from the alternate service court.
o If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new
server. They serve from the appropriate service court – left if their score is
odd, and right if it is even.

a. The players shall serve from, and receive in their respective right service
courts, when the server has not scored, or has scored an even number of
points in that game.

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 b. The players shall serve from, and receive in their respective left service
courts, when the server has scored an odd number of points in that game.
c. If a game is set, the total points scored by the server in that game shall be
used to apply Rule 6.a and 6.b.
d. The shuttle is hit alternatively by the server and the receiver, until a "fault is
made, or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of
the court inside the receiver s court. The server earns a point. The server
serves again from the alternative service court.
e. If the server makes a "fault', or when the shuttle ceases to be in play
because it touches the surface of the court inside the servers court, the
server loses the right to continue serving, and the receiver then becomes the
server, with no point scored by either player.

Doubles
o A side has only one ‘set’.
o The service passes consecutively to the players as shown in the diagram.
o At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves
from the right service court. When it is odd, the server serves from the left
court.
o If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same
server serves again from the alternate service court.
o If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The
receiving side becomes the new serving side.
o The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a
point when their side is serving.
If players commit an error in the service court, the error is corrected when
the mistake is discovered.

In a doubles match between A & B against C & D. A & B won the toss and
decided to serve. A to serve to C. A shall be the initial server while C shall be the
initial receiver.
Course of action Service from Server & Winner
/ Explanation Score Service Court Receiver of the
rally

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 Love Right Service A serves to A & B
All Court. Being the C. A and C
score of the are the initial
serving side is server and
even. receiver.
A & B win a point. 1-0 D serves to A & B
A & B will change Left Service A.
service courts. A Court. Being the
serves again from score of the
Left service court. serving side is
C & D will stay in odd.
the same service
courts.
C & D win a point 1-1 D serves to A & B
and also right to Left Service A.
serve. Nobody will Court. Being the
change their score of the
respective service serving side is
courts. odd.

A & B win a point 2-1 B serves to C & D

and also right to Right Service C
serve. Nobody will Court. Being the
change their score of the
respective service serving side is
courts. even.

C & D win a point 2-2 C serves to C & D

and also right to Right Service B
serve. Nobody will Court. Being the

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change their score of the
respective service serving side is
courts. even.

C & D win a point. 3-2 C serves to A & B

C & D will change Left Service A
service courts. C Court. Being the
serves from Left score of the
service court. A & serving side is
B will stay in the odd.
same service
courts.
A & B win a point 3-3 A serves to A & B
and also right to Left Service C
serve. Nobody will Court. Being the
change their score of the
respective service serving side is
courts. odd.

A & B win a point. 4-3 A serves to C & D

A & B will change Right Service D
service courts. A Court. Being the
serves again from score of the
Right service serving side is
court. C & D will even.
stay in the same
service courts.
Note that this means:

o The order of server depends on the score odd or even same as in singles.
o The service courts are changed by the servicing side only when a point is
scored. In all other cases, the players continue to stay in their respective

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 service court from where they played previous rally. This shall guarantee
alternate server.
a. At the start of the game and each time a side gains the right to serve, the
service shall be delivered from the right service court.
b. Only the receiver shall return the service; should the shuttle touch or is hit
by the receiver's partner, the serving side scores a point.
c. 1. After the service is returned, the shuttle is hit by either player of the
serving side, and then by either players of the receiving side, and so on, until
the shuttle ceases to be hit in play
2. After the service is returned, the player may hit the shuttle from any position
on that player's side of the net.
d. 1. If the serving side makes a "fault", or the shuttle ceases to be in play
because it touches the surface of the court inside the receiving side's court,
the serving side scores a point, and the server serves again. The serving side
makes a "fault" or the shuttle ceases to be in
2. Play because it touches the surface of the court, the server loses the right to
continue serving, with no point scored by either side.
e. 1. The player who serves at the start of the game shall serve from. or receive
in the right court when that player's Side has not scored or has scored an
even number of points in that game and shall serve from, left service court
otherwise.
2. The player who receives at the start of any game shall receive in, or serve from,
the right service court when that player's side has not scored, or has scored an
even number of points in that game and the left service court otherwise.
3. The reverse pattern applies to the partners.
4. If a game is set, the total points scored by a side that game shall apply Rules
7.e.1 to 7.e.3.
f. Service in any turn of serving shall be delivered from alternate service
courts, except as provided in Rules 8 and 10.
g. The right to serve consecutively from the initial server in any game to the
initial receiver in that game, and then consecutively from the player's
partner, and then to one or the opponents, and then opponent s partner, and
so on.

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 h. No player shall serve out of turn, or receive two consecutive services in the
same game except as provided in Rules 8 and 1
i. Either player on the winning side may serve first in the next game or either
player of the losing side may serve.

Service Court Errors

a. A service court error is made when player:
1. Has served out of turn;
2. Has served from the wrong service court; or standing in the wrong service
court, was prepared to receive the service and it had been delivered.
b. When a service court error has been made, then:
1. If the error is discovered before the next service is delivered, it is a "let'
unless only one side was at fault and lost the rally, 1 which case the error
shall not be corrected.
2. If the error is not discovered before the next service is delivered, the error
shall not be corrected.
c. If there is a let because of a service court error, the rally is replayed with the
error connected.
d. If a service court error 1s not to be corrected, play in that game shall
proceed without changing the players new service courts (nor, when
relevant, the new order serving).

Faults
 The shuttle, at the instant of being hit is higher than the servers waist or the
head of the racket is higher than the servers racket hand.
 The shuttle does not land in the correct service court.
 The server's feet are not in the service court or if the feet of the receiver are
not in the court diagonally opposite the server.
 The server steps forward as he/she serves.
 Any player balking or feinting his opponent before serve or during serve.
 A serve or shot that lands outside the court boundaries, passes under or
through the net, touches any other obstructions or a players body or
clothing. The boundary and service lines are considered in play.

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  The shuttle in play is struck before it crosses the net to the striker's side of
the net. You may follow through over the net.
 A player touching the net or its supports with his body or racket while the
shuttle is in play.
 Hitting the shuttle twice in succession by a player or team.

The following are considered faults:

a. If a service is not Corrected (Rule 5.a).

b. If the server is attempting to serve, misses the shuttle.
c. If after passing over the net on service, the shuttle is caught in or on the net.
d. If in play, the shuttle:
1. Lands outside the boundaries of the court.
2. passes through or under the net
3. 3 fail to pass the net.
4. Touches the roof, ceiling or side walls.
5. touches the person or dress of a player
6. Touches any object, or person outside the immediate surroundings of
the court.

(When necessary on account of the structure of the building, the local badminton
authority may subject to the right of veto of its national organization, make by -
laws dealing with cases in which a shuttle touches an obstruction.)

e. If in play, the initial point of contact with the shuttle is not on the striker’s
side of the net. (The striker may, however, follow the shuttleover the net
with the racket in the course of a stroke).
f. If the shuttle is in play, a player:
1. Invades an opponent’s court with racket or person in any degree
except as permitted in rule 9e.
2. Prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke where the shuttle is
followed over the net.
h. If in any player deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting
or making gestures.

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 g. If in play, the shuttle:
1. Is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution
of a stroke.
2. Is hit twice in succession by the same player with two strokes.
3. Is hit by a player and the player’s partners successively.
i. If a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offences under rule 12.

Lets

"Let" is called by the umpire, or by a player (1f there 1s no umpire) to halt a

play.
a. A "let may be given for any unforeseen or accidental occurrence.
b. If a shuttle, after passing over the net, is caught in or on the net, 1t is
a let except during service.
c. If during service, the receiver and the server are both faulted at the
same time, it shall be a "let".
d. If a player serves before the receiver is ready, it shall be a "let".
e. If during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely
separates from the rest of the shuttle, it shall be a "let”
f. If a line Judge is unsighted, and the Umpire is unable to make a
decision, it shall be a "let."
g. When a "let" occurs, the play since the last service shall not De
counted, and the player shall serve again, except when Rule 8 is
applicable.

Shuttle Not in Play

A shuttle is not in play when:

a. It strikes the net and remains attached there or suspended on top.
b. It strikes the net or the post, and starts to fall towards the surface of
the court on the striker s side of the net
c. It hits the surface of the court.
d. A "fault or "let has occurred.

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Continuous Play, Misconduct, Penalties

a. Play shall be continued from the tirst service until the match is to concluded,
except as followed in Rule 12.c.
b. An interval not exceeding 5 minutes is allowed between the second and the
third games of all matches in all of the following situations:
1. in international competitive events.
2. in all other matches (unless the National Organization has previously
published a decision not allow such an interval).
c. When necessitated by circumstances, not within the control of the players,
the umpire may suspend play for such a period, as the umpire may consider
necessary. If play is suspended, the existing score shall stand and play is
returned from their point.
d. Under no circumstances' shall play be suspended to enable a player to
recover his strength or wing, or to receive instruction or advice.
e. 1. Except in the intervals provided in Rules 12.a and 12.c, no player shall be
permitted to receive advice during match.
2. Except at the conclusion of a match, no player shall leave the court without the
umpire s consent.
f. The umpire shall be the sole judge of any suspension of play
g. A player shall not in play
1. Deliberately cause suspension of play
2. Deliberately interfere with the speed of the shuttle
3. Behave in an offensive manner.
h. The umpire shall administer any breach of Rules 12.d, 12.e or 12.g.
1. Issuing a warning to the offending side.
2. Faulting the offending side, if previously warned.
3. In cases of flagrant offense, faulting the offending side, and reporting the
offending side immediately to the referee, who shall have the power to
disqualify

Officials and Appeals

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 a. The referee is the overall charge of the tournament or event of which a
match forms.
b. The umpire, when appointed, is in charge of the match, the court, and its
immediate surroundings. The umpire shall report to the referee. In the
absence of the referee, the umpire shall report instead to the official for the
game
c. The service judge shall call service faults made by the server.
d. A line judge shall indicate whether a shuttle is "in" or "out" An umpire shall.
e. An umpire shall:
1. Uphold and enforce the Laws of Badminton and, especially call a "fault" or
"let," should either occur, without appeal being made by the players,
2. Give a decision on any appeal regarding a point of dispute, if made before
the next service is delivered;
3. Ensure players and spectators are kept informed of the progress of the
match.
4. Appoint or remove line Judge or service Judge in consultation with the
referee;
5. Not overrule the decision of Line Judges and the Service Judge on points
of fact.
f. 1. Where another court official is not appointed, arranged for their duties to
be carried out;
2. Where an appointed official is unsighted, carry out the official's duties or
play a "let".
g. Decide upon suspension of play.
h. Record and report to the referee all matters in relation to Rule 12
i. Take to the referee all unsatisfied appeals on questions of Law only (such
appeals must be made before the next service is delivered, or, if at the end
of a game, before the side that appeals has left the court).

Exercises:
1. What are the Rules in Badminton Game?
2. How can you identify such rules being implemented in Badminton Game?
3. What are the Mechanics in Badminton
4. Give the importance of Badminton in physical fitness

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 5. What is the relevance of Playing badminton in our daily life

References:
https://blog.playo.co/do-you-know-all-these-faults-in-badminton/
https://badmintonisgreat.com/badminton-faults/
https://www.badmintonbible.com/rules/faults
https://www.masterbadminton.com/badminton-serve.html

---END OF MIDTERM MODULE--

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