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Matlab-Commands and Operations

This document provides an overview of basic MATLAB functions and commands for defining arrays, plotting graphs, and performing other analyses. It describes how to: 1) Open MATLAB and create M-files to store and run code. 2) Define matrices using various syntax like semicolons or line returns, and perform operations like transposing and multiplying matrices. 3) Generate simple sine wave and impulse response plots using commands like plot, grid, and text. 4) Draw Bode plots to analyze a system's frequency response using commands like bode.

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Desiana Pakaya
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

Matlab-Commands and Operations

This document provides an overview of basic MATLAB functions and commands for defining arrays, plotting graphs, and performing other analyses. It describes how to: 1) Open MATLAB and create M-files to store and run code. 2) Define matrices using various syntax like semicolons or line returns, and perform operations like transposing and multiplying matrices. 3) Generate simple sine wave and impulse response plots using commands like plot, grid, and text. 4) Draw Bode plots to analyze a system's frequency response using commands like bode.

Uploaded by

Desiana Pakaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATLAB Help Handout

OPENING MATLAB
To open Matlab, click Start-> All Programs->Math Programs -> MATLAB R2015a. Matlab is loading,
and may take a few seconds before the MATLAB Command Window opens.

Commands can either be typed directly into the command prompt of the MATLAB Command Window, or
an M-file may be used to store the code. To create a new M-file, click New Script, located at the top of the
screen under the Home tab in the File pane. This opens the Matlab Editor/Debugger. The code can then
be typed in the window that opens. To execute the code, click on Run button under the Run pane in the
Editor tab. Alternatively, save the M-File; then type the name of the M-File at the command prompt.

DEFINING AND USING ARRAYS


In the Matlab Editor/Debugger, the percent sign (“%”) signifies a comment line. The title of the project is
written to specify what the code is for. In this example, type:

%DEFINING AND USING ARRAYS

Define two matrices A and B. There are various ways to denote the end of a row in Matlab. Matrix A uses
a line return to denote the end of a row, while matrix B uses semicolons.

A=[10 20 30 40 50
60 70 80 90 10
20 30 40 50 60
70 80 90 44 34
32 65 76 32 11];

B=[90; 80; 70; 60; 50];

Be sure to include the semi colon at the end of each number in B. Otherwise you will input a horizontal
matrix instead of a vertical one!

The semicolon (;) at the end of each line hides what A and B are. To view A and B when the command is
executed, omit the semicolon.

%DEFINE C AS A TRANSPOSE
The apostrophe (‘) at the end of Matrix C, transposes the matrix.
C= A'
The resultant matrix is shown below.
C =
10 60 20 70 32
20 70 30 80 65
30 80 40 90 76
40 90 50 44 32
50 10 60 34 11

%MULTIPLYING TWO MATRICES


D=A*B
The resultant matrix is shown below.
D =

9500
22500
13000
23340
15870

%IF A*X=B, TO SOLVE FOR X:


X=inv(A)*B
The resultant matrix is shown below.
X =

2.8977
-23.0455
19.3977
-0.2500
-1.0000

%GIVES SAME RESULT


Y=A\B
Note that that is a forward slash not a back slash. The resultant matrix is shown below.
Y =

2.8977
-23.0455
19.3977
-0.2500
-1.0000

Save the m-file in the C: directory by clicking File-> Save in the MATLAB editor/debugger toolbar. In the
window that opens, type the name of the file. To execute the program, click Run in the Run pane of the
Editor tab or type the name of the M-File at the command prompt in the MATLAB Command Window.

SIMPLE PLOTS
Follow the steps described in the OPENING MATLAB section to open a new m-file, or add this code to the
previous M-File. Comment this code as:

%Simple sine wave plot

Matlab automatically numbers figures created in numerical order. The user can also define which figure
number is associated with the data. Typing figure(1) ensures this set of data plots into figure 1.

figure(1)

%DEFINE X – This sets the interval for which “y” will be plotted;
x=[0*pi:.25*pi:8*pi];

%Define the function y


y=sin(x);
%The plot command is then used to plot the function
plot(x,y);
%The following commands are “extras” that can be added to the plot.
%Grid places a grid in the background, and text places text at the
%given location.
grid
title('Y = sin(x)');
xlabel('Frequency');
ylabel('Amplitude');
text(3.2, 0.2,'sin(x)');

As described in the previous example, to run the program, save the m-file to the C: directory. In the
MATLAB Command Window, type the name of the file and hit enter. This will run the program. A
window titled “Figure No. 1” opens showing the plot. The completed plot is shown below.

OTHER FUNCTIONS
The impulse response of function shown below is obtained using the “impulse” command.

4 x 4 + 5x 3 − 7 x
H ( z) = 4
7 x + 3x 2 + x
%Declare the Numerator in order of MS power
num= [4 5 0 -7 0];
%declare the denominator in MS powers
den= [7 0 3 1 0];
figure(2);
impulse(num,den);

The impulse response is shown below.


%Bode_Plot
Bode plots are a very useful way to represent the gain and phase of a system as a function of
frequency. This is referred to as the frequency domain behavior of a system.

The Bode Plot of the following function is found using the Matlab command Bode.

1x 6 + 4 x 5 + 23 x 4 + 8 x 3 + 30 x 2 + x
H ( z) =
2 x 4 + 18 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 26 x
To define the function in terms that Matlab understands, the numerator and denominator are defined with
the coefficient of the variables starting with the most significant power.

num=[1 4 23 8 30 1 0];
den=[2 18 3 26 0];

The command for the bode plot is simply “bode”.


bode(num,den)

The Bode Plot is shown below

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