Phase 2 chemistry questions [50 questions]

Agribusiness (Robert Gomani +265999941099)

1) Define the following terms

a) Equilibrium constant
b) Reversible reaction
c) Isotopes
d) Noble gases
e) Degenerate orbitals
f) Diamagnetic atom

2) How many
i) Molecules does oxygen gas contain
ii) Atoms are in the oxygen gas
iii) Atoms are in 36 g of C. (C=12g mol−1)
iv) Atoms are in 1 mole of sodium perchlorate(NaClO4)

3) A) what is number of atoms present in 2 moles of oxygen gas

b) What is number of molecules are present in 2 moles of oxygen gas
c) Calculate number of moles of atoms of oxygen presence in 1.3 mol of sulfuric acid
(H2SO4)
d) How many moles are in 64 grams of oxygen gas?
e) How many atoms are in 1 molecule of H2O
 f) How many grams are in 1.25 x 1022 atoms of oxygen
g) how many atoms are in NaCl

4) State LeChatelier’s Principle.

5) Given this reaction at equilibrium:

N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) ↔ 2 NH3 (g)

In which direction— toward reactants or toward products— does the reaction shift if
the equilibrium is stressed by each change?

1. H2 is added.
2. NH3 is added.
3. NH3 is removed.
4. Decreasing volume
5. Increasing the pressure of gases

6) The synthesis of NH3 uses this chemical reaction.

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ↔ 2 NH3(g) + 92 kJ

Identify three stresses that can be imposed on the equilibrium to maximize the
amount of NH3.

7) For the following reaction:

Heat + CaCO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) Ca+2 (aq) + 2 HCO3-1 (aq)
What will be the effect of doing each of the following actions on the above equilibrium?
a) Adding CaCO3 (s)
b) Removing Ca+2 (aq)
c) Removing CO2 (g)
d) Adding NaHCO3 (s)
e) Adding Ne (g)
f) Adding CO2 (g)
g) Increasing temperature
h) Decreasing volume

8) for the following reaction: 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2SO3 (g) + Heat
What will be the effect of doing each of the following actions on the above equilibrium?
a) Decreasing temperature
b) Increasing O2 (g)
c) Decreasing SO2 (g)
d) Increasing volume
e) Increasing SO3 (g)
f) Adding N2 (g)

9) The transformation of Nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia (NH3) represented by

the following exothermic reaction

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g) :∆𝐻 = −280𝑘/𝑚𝑜𝑙

Predict the direction of the following shift in the equilibrium when the system is
disturbed by
a) Raising the temperature
b) Adding more nitrogen to the mixture
c) Removing some ammonia from the mixture
 d) Increasing the pressure of gases
e) Reducing volume of reaction vessel

10) What are three qualities of any equilibrium equation?

11) The following reaction has a Kc value of 10 at 2000oC.

2NO (g) ↔ N2 (g) + O2 (g)
If 25 g of NO is placed in a 5L vessel maintained at 2000oC, calculate the equilibrium
concentrations of the three substances?
(Relative atomic masses are: N = 14 amu, O = 16 amu)

12) A mixture of 0.500moles H2 and 0.500moles I2 was placed in a 2.00L stainless

flask at 430oC. The equilibrium constant kc for the reaction

H2(g) + I2(g) ↔ 2HI(g)

Is 54.3 at this temperature. Calculate the concentration of H2, I2 and HI at equilibrium

13) The decomposition of 0.250moles HI in a 250mL stainless – steel flask is studied

at 430oC. The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction

2HI(g) ↔ H2(g) + I2(g)

Is 1.84 x 10-2 at this temperature. Calculate the concentration of H2, I2 and HI at

equilibrium.

14) The equilibrium constant kp for the formation of air pollutant nitric oxide (NO)
in automobile engine at 530oC as shown in the reaction equation below is 2.9 x 10−11
 N2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO(g) Kp= 2.9 x 10−11

a) Which predominate at equilibrium between reactants and products

b) Calculate the partial pressure of NO under these conditions if the partial pressure
of Nitrogen and Oxygen are 3.0 atm and 0.12atm respectively.

15) The following are some reactions involving gaseous ammonia.

a) What is the relationship between:

i. Ki and Kii
ii. Ki and Kiii
iii. Kii and Kiii

16) Given the following equations

H2O (g) + CO (g) ↔ H2 (g) + CO2 (g) Kc = 4.8
FeO (s) + CO (g) ↔ Fe (s) + CO2 (g) Kc = 0.48

Calculate the Kc value for: Fe (s) + H2O (g) ↔ FeO (s) + H2 (g) Kc = ???

17) Given the following equations:

S (s) + O2 (g) ↔ SO2 (g) Kp = 48.2
2SO3 (g) ↔ 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) Kp = 0.075
 Calculate the Kp value for: S (s) + 3/2O2 (g) ↔ SO3 (g) Kp = ???

18) Phosgene ,COCl2, used in the manufacturing of polyurethane plastics is

prepared at 395oC from CO and Cl2 as indicated below

CO(g) + Cl2(g) ↔ COCl2(g) : kc = 1.23 x 103

i) Which predominate at equilibrium between reactants and products?

ii) Calculate the concentration of COCl2 at equilibrium if the equilibrium mixture
at 395oC contains 0.012M CO, 0.025M Cl2 and kc = 1.23 x 103

19) When 0.218 mol sample of hydrogen iodide was heated in a sealed 1 dm3 flask,
the following equilibrium was established at 700K.

2HI (g) ↔ H2 (g) + I2 (g)

The equilibrium was found to contain 0.023 mol of hydrogen.

i) Calculate the concentrations of iodine and hydrogen iodide in the equilibrium

mixture
ii) Calculate the value of equilibrium constant, Kc for the equilibrium at 700 K.
iii) The pressure of an equilibrium mixture of hydrogen iodide, hydrogen and
iodine was increased. State what, if any, would happen to the position of
equilibrium.

20) Which of the following equations has Kc = Kp

a) PCl 5 (g)  PCl 3 (g) + Cl 2 (g)
b) 2 NOCl (g)  2 NO (g) + Cl 2 (g)
c) CaCO 3 (s)  CaO (s) + CO 2 (g)
 d) H 2 O (g) + CO (g)  H 2 (g) + CO 2 (g)
e) 2 NO (g)  N 2 (g) + O 2 (g)

21) For the reaction: PCl 5 (g) PCl 3 (g) + Cl 2 (g)

If the initial pressure of PCl5 is 2 atm and at equilibrium it is 15% dissociated, what is
Kp?

22) For the reaction: 2NO (g) N 2 (g) + O 2 (g)

If the initial [NO] = 0.50 M and at equilibrium it is 5% dissociated,
what is Kc?
23) For the equation: NH 4 I (s) NH 3 (g) + HI (g) The total pressure at
equilibrium is 4.2 atm. What is Kp?

24) For the equation: (NH 4 )(H 2 NCO 2 ) (s) 2 NH 3 (g) + CO 2 (g)
The total pressure at equilibrium is 0.33 atm. What is Kp?

25) For the equation: N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 NO (g), you start with 2 M of each of
the reactants. They react away to an extent of 27% to reach equilibrium. Calculate
the value of Kc .

26) For the equation: 2 NOBr (g) 2 NO (g) + Br2 (g) , you start with 0.75 M of
the NOBr. At equilibrium, the NOBr has reacted away by 89%. Calculate the value of
Kc
27) What mass of KCl is required to prepare a 100000cm3 of aqueous
solution of 0.5M KCl . ( k =39.1g mol−1)
28) What weight of NaCl should be dissolved in 1dm3 solution in order to
prepare a 4000ppm Na+

29) 500g sample of haematite (FeO2) were subjected to laboratory

analysis and found to contain 0.25% Fe3+. Express the concentrations of
Fe3+ in the sample in ppm Fe3+

30) Given the reaction:

S8 (g) + 12O2 (g) ↔ 8SO3 (g) + 808 kJ

Use Le Chatelier's Principle to predict the direction in which the reaction

will shift in order to re-establish equilibrium after applying the following
stresses.
a) Adding oxygen gas.
b) Cooling the reaction vessel.
c) Increasing the size of the container.
d) Removing sulphur trioxide.
e) Adding a catalyst to make the reaction faster.

31) Consider the following equilibrium process:

PCl5 (g) + 92.5 kJ/ mol ↔ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)

Predict the direction of the shift in equilibrium when

i. The temperature is raised.
ii. More chlorine is added to the mixture.
iii. Some PCl3 is removed from the mixture.
iv. The volume of the vessel containing the gasses is decreased.
v. A catalyst is added to the reaction.
 32) For the reaction: NOCl (g)  2 NO (g) + Cl 2 (g) Kc =
1.2x10 -3
If the initial [NOCl]o = 0.15 M, [NO]o = 0.75 M, and [Cl2]o = 0.05 M, is the
system at equilibrium? If not, which way will the reaction shift, left or
right?

33) For the reaction: NH 3 (aq) + H 2 O (l)  NH 4 +1 (aq) + OH -1

(aq) Kc = 1.8x10 -5
If the initial [NH 3 ] o = 0.5 M, [NH 4 +1 ] = 0.0025 M, and [OH -1 ] = 0.0025 M, is
the system at equilibrium? If not, which way will the reaction shift, left
or right?

34) For the equation: CS2 (g) + 3Cl2 (g) S2Cl2 (g) + CCl4 (g), Kc =
4.8x10-2. If you start with [CS2] = 0.025 M, [Cl2] = 0.175 M, [S2Cl2]= 0.58 M,
and [CCl4] = 0.042 M, is the reaction at equilibrium? If not, which way will
the reaction go to reach equilibrium (left or right)?

35) For the equation: PCl 5 (g)  PCl 3 (g) + Cl 2 (g),
You start with 0.25 atm of each of the products as well as the
reactants. The Kp value is 0.125. Is the reaction at equilibrium?
Prove it. What are the equilibrium pressures of all species?

36) For the equation: H 2 O (g) + CO (g)  CO 2 (g) + H 2 (g) Kc =

0.235
If 2 moles of each of H 2 O and CO are put into a 10 L container, what is
the concentration of all species at equilibrium

37) For the equation: SO 2 Cl 2 (g)  SO 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g) Kp = 4.8

If enough SO 2 Cl 2 is put into a container so its pressure is 8 atm,
 what is the equilibrium pressure of all species. What is the total
pressure?
38) For the equation: CaCO 3 (s)  CaO (s) + CO 2 (g) Kp =
2.4
If 200 g CaCO 3 is put into a 20L container at 500 K, how many grams of
it remain at equilibrium?

39) For the equation: 2 KClO3 (s) 2 KCl (s) + 3 O2 (g), you start with
some KClO3 that decomposes into the products. At equilibrium, there is
some solid remaining and the total pressure in the flask is 0.29 atm.
Calculate the value of Kp.

40) For the equation: COBr2 (g) CO (g) + Br2 (g), you start with 4
moles in a 10 L vessel of COBr2. The reaction has a Kc = 0.76. What are the
equilibrium concentrations of all species?

41) For the equation: H2 (g) + CO2 (g) H2O (g) + CO (g), you start
with 2 atm of each of the reactants and none of the products. The Kp =
3.4. What are the equilibrium pressures of all species?

42) For the equation: 2 CH2Cl2 (g) CH4 (g) + CCl4 (g), you start with
0.25 M of CH2Cl2 and it has a Kc value of 0.84. What are the equilibrium
concentrations of all species?

43) For the reaction at 2000 K H2 (g) + CO2 (g) H2O (g) + CO (g)

For an experiment, the equilibrium values of each substance are as

follows:
[H2] = 0.20 M
[CO2] = 0.30 M
[H2O] = [CO] = 0.55 M
a. What is the mole fraction of CO in the equilibrium mixture?
 b. Calculate the value of Kc, the equilibrium constant for the reaction
above.
c. Determine Kp in terms of Kc for this system
d. When the system is cooled from 2000 K to a lower temperature, 30% of
the CO is converted back to CO2. Calculate the value of Kc at this lower
temperature.

44) For the reaction:

PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)

It is observed that greater amounts of PCl3 and Cl2 are produced as the
temperature is increased.

a) What is the sign of ∆So for the reaction? Explain.

b) What change, if any, will occur in ∆ Go for the reaction as the
temperature is increased? Explain.
c) If He gas is added to the original mixture at constant volume and
temperature, what will happen to the partial pressure of Cl2? Explain
d) If the volume of the reaction mixture is decreased at constant
temperature to half the original volume, what will happen to the
number of moles of Cl2 in the reaction vessel? Explain.

45) Consider the following reactions at 1200 K.

CO(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ CH4(g) + H2O(g) K1 = 3.92

CH4(g) + 2H2S(g) ⇌ CS2(g) + 4H2(g) K2 = 3.3x104

Use the above reactions to determine the equilibrium

constant for the following reaction at 1200 K.

CO(g) + 2H2S(g) ⇌ H2O(g) + CS2(g) + H2(g)

46) At 448°C the Kc for the reaction H2(g) + I2(g) ⇔ 2HI (g) is 51. Predict
how the reaction
Will proceed to reach equilibrium if we start with 1.0 x 10-2M HI,
5.0 x 10-3M H2, and 1.5 x 10-2M I2.

47) Given the following data:

(1) N2(g) + O2(g) ⇔ 2NO(g) Kc1 = 4.3 x 10-25

(2) 2NO(g) + O2(g) ⇔ 2NO2(g) Kc2 = 6.4 x 109

Determine the values of the equilibrium constants for the

Following reactions:

(a) 4NO(g) ⇔ N2(g) + 2NO2(g)

(b) 4NO2(g) ⇔ 2N2(g) + 4O2(g)
(c) 2NO(g) + 2NO2(g) ⇔ 3O2(g) +2N2(g)

48) Methanol is manufactured according to the reaction

CO(g) + 2H2(g) ↔ CH3OH(g)

The equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction is 10.5 at 220 C. What is
the value of Kp at this temperature

49) At 1280 C the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction

Br2 (g) ↔2 Br (g)

is 1.1 x 10-3. If the initial concentrations are [Br2] = 0.2 M and [Br] = 0 M,
calculate the concentrations of these species at equilibrium

50) The equilibrium constant Kp for the decomposition of phosphorus

pentachloride (PCl5) to phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) and chlorine (Cl2)
 PCl5 (g) ↔ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)

is found to be 1.05 at 250 C. The equilibrium partial pressures of PCl5 and

PCl3 are 0.875 atm and 0.463 atm, respectively. What is the equilibrium partial
pressure of Cl2 at 250 C.

END

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