WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY

A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City

College of ICT & Engineering

EGG WEIGHT-SORTING MACHINE

A Research Project
Presented to the Faculty of the

College of ICT and Engineering

WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY, INC.

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING (BSCpE)

By:

PAGALAN, MARK GIL G.

Engr. Martin L. Martinez

March, 2023

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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
 WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City

College of ICT & Engineering

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

Eggs are one of the poultry products popularly consumed in the

Philippines. In 2022, the egg production of eggs reached 185.58 thousand metric

tons, indicating an annual growth of 10.5 percent from the 167.93 thousand

metric tons output in same period last year. The farm gate price of eggs was 6.97

pesos (PhP) per piece during this year. This production grossed 46,264.34

million pesos (PhP) at current price, posting an 8.36% increase versus the

previous year, with the CALABARZON region contributing 34.2% of the country’s

total egg production. Chicken population grow by 20.72 percent, the increases in

chicken inventory of Leyte (61.66%), Eastern Samar (55.37), and Samar

(16.72%) contributed to the increase in the total chicken inventory of the region in

the second quarter of 2022, in Cebu City with 60.50 thousand metric tons.

Grading/sorting of egg products are being done to avoid losses in the

marketing of such products. In the Philippines, egg products in public markets

and supermarkets are usually sorted based on the quality and the size. Quality of

the eggs includes parameters such as presence of dirt, cracks, as well as internal

characteristics of the eggs. On the other hand, grading based on size involves

sorting according to the weight of each egg. It is necessary to maintain uniformity

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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
 WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City

College of ICT & Engineering

in size of eggs since it contributes to the profits of the egg industry. According to

the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Products Standards (BAFPS), eggs can

be classified into eight (8) categories. They have provided a standard for the

weight classification indicating the weight range for each category (Table 1).

Table 1. Weight classification of eggs in the Philippines (BAFPS)

Weight class Weight range of each egg (grams)

Jumbo ≥ 70g

Extra-Large 65g – 70g

Large 60g – 65g

Medium 55g – 60g

Small 50g – 55g

Pullets 45g – 50g

Peewee 40g – 45g

Most egg farmers in our country follow the prescribed standard of Bureau

of Agriculture and Fisheries Products Standard (BAFPS). And mostly, sorting is

done through manual weighing of eggs using a weighing scale. The manual

means is still employed especially by small scale egg farm laborers. This method

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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
 WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City

College of ICT & Engineering

of sorting requires handling of eggs with care to avoid cracking or breaking of the

eggs. In the absence of digital weighing scale, weighing becomes subjective as

the weight readings will depend on the observer. Errors in readings related to

operator fatigue and judgment increase when analog weighing scales are

used.

Moreover, the manual method becomes more costly and impractical

especially when dealing with larger number of egg products. In addition,

handling egg with bare hands introduces moisture to the egg’s surface

which may provide a suitable breeding ground for bacteria. Prolonged

contact by humans to fresh eggs poses risk of possible contamination of

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) which are mostly present on the egg’s surface as

these pass through the cloaca of chickens. Farm personnel especially those

from backyard farms are often the victims of such contamination due to lack

of proper hygienic procedures. Increased contact with human hands exposes

eggs to cumulative fatigue due to manual collection, sorting and packing which

also raises the chance of acquiring cracks on the shell. Internal contamination

after penetration of Salmonella from the surface may occur. Such occurrence

poses risks to the consuming public, especially with the increased desire of the

consumers for raw and unprocessed eggs. Automation of collecting processes

and mechanization of sorting in high-end egg farms are able to minimize contact

with human hands. Egg sorting machine is used for sorting eggs into different

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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
 WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City

College of ICT & Engineering

grades by weight. The main constitutes are including eggs conveying belts, eggs

groove, eggs grader, and filtrating floor.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

General Objective: The main objective of the study is to design and develop an

egg weight sorting machine.

Specifically, the following are the objectives of the study:

1. To create an egg-weight sorting machine that will help farmers easily

identify the weight of an egg.

 Peewee – 40grams to 45grams

 Pullet – 45grams to 50grams

 Small – 50grams to 55grams

 Medium – 55grams to 60grams

 Large – 60grams to 65grams

 Extra-Large – 65grams – 7ograms

 Jumbo – 70grams above

2. To be able to develop a program that will be used in interfacing the

different module hardware utilized.

3. To be able to integrate the following design:

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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
 WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City

College of ICT & Engineering

a. a prototype which can sort eggs into different grades based on

weight

b. a prototype in which eggs can go directly from the chicken cage

to the egg-weight sorting machine

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research project focuses on designing and developing an egg-weight

sorting machine system that is used for sorting eggs into different grades by

weight.

Scopes:

 The device is designed to segregate the egg from peewee to jumbo

by the bases of egg weight.

 To distinguish a bad egg from a good egg, the device will contain a

rotten egg detection system.

 The device is equipped with power motor for running the conveyor

for the sorting machine.

 The device is powered by an electrical grid.

Limitations:

 The device cannot arrange by itself repacking to the egg tray.

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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
 WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City

College of ICT & Engineering

 The machine doesn’t have a system to remove the dirt spots of the

egg.

 The machine cannot operate when the power is interrupted.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The system that researchers wanted to design and develop aims to helps

the owner of the egg poultry to minimize the time and work. Egg sorting machine

is used for sorting eggs into different classifications by their weight. The main

constitutes are including eggs conveying belts, eggs groove, eggs grader, egg

weight sensor, servo motor and filtrating floor. The egg sorting machine is

suitable for various kinds of egg like hen eggs or other eggs. Egg sorting is

important as it determines and separates eggs into grades quality. This insures

that a consumer doesn’t get a faulty egg that is not fit for consumption.

Consumers can benefit from the quality and the correct weight of the

eggs. The owners/farmers benefit by saving time and money and easily

operating the system, which allows them to determine the size or classification of

an egg based on its weight. Furthermore, the supplier benefits from providing

high-quality products from a manufacturer at a reasonable price to a distributor or

retailer for resale.

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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
 WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City

College of ICT & Engineering

FLOW OF THE SYSTEM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Separate
-Determine
the good
the weight of
eggs from
Eggs coming each egg
rotten eggs
from the from peewee
and grading
poultry/hens to jumbo
the eggs
cage. -Determine
using the
the rotten
weight
eggs.
machine

Input – Eggs from the hen cage go to the sensor using the conveyor belt, and

then the next step is the weighing process.

Process – Eggs are weighed using the weight sensor, and if the sensor

determines whether they are peewee, pullet, small, medium, large, extra-large, or

jumbo, it can automatically sort them by their weight.

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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
 WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City

College of ICT & Engineering

Output – Eggs are sorted by their exact size and weight classification, which

ranges from peewee to jumbo.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Conveyor – is a looped belt that is driven by and wrapped around one or more

pulleys. It is powered by an electric motor and supported by a metal plate bed or

rollers upon which the conveyor belt rests. The pulley that powers a conveyor

belt is referred to as the drive pulley and has an unpowered idler pulley.

Peewee – the smallest weight class, are said to be the rarest size. They’re often

known as pullet eggs, which mean they’re laid by very young hens. Peewee eggs

weigh in at minimum of 15 ounces per dozen.

Pullet – is a hen that is under one year old and has only been laying eggs for

only a few months. Pullet eggs are the first eggs laid by hens at about 18 weeks

old. These young hens are just getting into their egg-laying groove, meaning

these eggs will be noticeably smaller than the usual eggs you come across.

Small – a size that is less than normal or usual, having comparatively little size or

slight dimensions

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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine
 WESTERN LEYTE COLLEGE OF ORMOC CITY
A. Bonifacio St. Ormoc City

College of ICT & Engineering

Medium – an agency or means of doing something; something that is sold in a

medium size; something that is the middle size when compared with things that

are larger and smaller.

Large – of considerable or relatively great size, extent, or capacity, also means

the size of an item, such as clothing, that falls between medium and extra-large.

Extra Large – a garment size for a very large person, size the property resulting

from being one of a series of graduated.

Jumbo – a very large egg or thing, a very large specimen of its kind

Sorting machine – is a machine used for sorting banknotes. Cash Sorters can file

through a number of banknotes, and sort it into denominations. Many Cash

Sorters also function as a banknote counter, and can count money as well as

splitting them into groups.

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Egg Weight-Sorting Machine