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    The Analysis of Meaning

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    Hoài Thu Trương thị
    The document discusses the analysis of meaning in semantics. It explains that semantics is the study and science of meaning. Analyzing meaning involves examining referential meaning (denotation) and connotative meaning. Referential meaning deals with words as symbols, while connotative meaning involves the emotional reaction words evoke. Analyzing meaning requires examining issues like polysemy, figurative language, near-synonyms, and disambiguation. Disambiguation involves analyzing the semantic structure and context to determine the correct meaning when translation causes ambiguity. Hierarchical structuring and componential analysis are also discussed as techniques for semantic analysis.

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    The Analysis of Meaning

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    Hoài Thu Trương thị
    4 views14 pages
    The document discusses the analysis of meaning in semantics. It explains that semantics is the study and science of meaning. Analyzing meaning involves examining referential meaning (denotation) and connotative meaning. Referential meaning deals with words as symbols, while connotative meaning involves the emotional reaction words evoke. Analyzing meaning requires examining issues like polysemy, figurative language, near-synonyms, and disambiguation. Disambiguation involves analyzing the semantic structure and context to determine the correct meaning when translation causes ambiguity. Hierarchical structuring and componential analysis are also discussed as techniques for semantic analysis.

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    The document discusses the analysis of meaning in semantics. It explains that semantics is the study and science of meaning. Analyzing meaning involves examining referential meaning (denotation) and connotative meaning. Referential meaning deals with words as symbols, while connotative meaning involves the emotional reaction words evoke. Analyzing meaning requires examining issues like polysemy, figurative language, near-synonyms, and disambiguation. Disambiguation involves analyzing the semantic structure and context to determine the correct meaning when translation causes ambiguity. Hierarchical structuring and componential analysis are also discussed as techniques for semantic analysis.

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    4 views14 pages

    The Analysis of Meaning

    Uploaded by

    Hoài Thu Trương thị
    The document discusses the analysis of meaning in semantics. It explains that semantics is the study and science of meaning. Analyzing meaning involves examining referential meaning (denotation) and connotative meaning. Referential meaning deals with words as symbols, while connotative meaning involves the emotional reaction words evoke. Analyzing meaning requires examining issues like polysemy, figurative language, near-synonyms, and disambiguation. Disambiguation involves analyzing the semantic structure and context to determine the correct meaning when translation causes ambiguity. Hierarchical structuring and componential analysis are also discussed as techniques for semantic analysis.

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    You are on page 1of 14

    The analysis of

    meaning

    by:
    Donald J. Nababan

    Page 1
    The analysis of meaning

    • Semantic is the study of meaning

    • semantic is the science of meaning

    • Analysis meaning was a major practical


    problem

    • Intricacies and Ambiguities (multiple


    sense, figurative meaning, near
    synonyms)

    Page 2
    The analysis phase involve
    examination of two kinds of linguistic
    meaning:
     Referential Meaning (denotation) =>
    which deals with the words as signs or
    symbols
     Connotative meaning => the emotional
    reaction engendered in the reader by a
    word.

    Page 3
    Referential meaning:
     Polysemous (has several meaning): for example;
    chair
    BUT
    o Semotactic environment or co-text (figurative
    meaning): for example; father of a child, our father in
    heaven.
    o near-synonym
    o disambiguate

    Those can be done by constastive semantic structure


    analysis

    Page 4
    DISAMBIGUATION – SEMANTIC
    STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
    • The ambiguity of choosing term in translation
    sometimes can’t be avoided because when we
    translate SL to TL, we will find a term that we
    don’t really know the meaning.
    • This ambiguity can cause incorrect meaning of
    target language and can make the reader
    confused.
    • These are some example of disambiguation in
    Translation

    Page 5
    ‘We are writing to invite you to a conference.
    We expect you will attend.’

    • This is a example of incorrect in using English words.


    This sentence is written by a Spanish-speaking country.
    The incorrect word is EXPECT.

    • The incorrect use of expect instead of the more normal


    hope is caused because the SL term (in this case the
    Spanish verb ‘esperar’) covers a wider semantic field
    than the English. ‘Esperar’ can correspond to hope,
    want, expect or even look forward to.

    Page 6
    Page 7
    • Another example comes from Russian
    Language. Russian has one word, ruka,
    for what in English is covered by the
    concepts of arm and hand and also a
    single word, noga, for leg and foot.

    • Translation from English to Russian


    requires disambiguation using co-text and
    context (the situation)

    Page 8
    HIERARCHICIAL STRUCTURING
    AND COMPONENTIAL ANAYSIS

    Page 9
    The problem is more one locating an
    equivalent on the same level in the LT

    One language has a wider range of specific


    terms for a given smantic field operating at
    various levels

    Page 10
    Example

    • Generic term
    move

    • Lower level
    walk • More specific forms of move

    • Lower level
    stroll • More specific forms of walk

    Page 11
    Componential analysis

    A technique of semantic analysis that


    examines the basic meaning components
    of a word and allows contrast with other
    terms in the same semantic field
    e.g: bachelor
    it would be +human, +male, -married

    Page 12
    Connotative Meaning

    Emotional response evoked in the hearer.


    e.g: gunai,  woman, mother
    This is much more difficult area to
    investigate objectively.

    Page 13
    Scales of connotative meaning

    good bad
    strong weak
    active passive
    technical informal

    Page 14

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