CLS ENG 22 23 XI Phy Target 4 Level 1 Chapter 8

Step-1
Chapter 8
Mechanical Properties of Solids

Solutions
SECTION-A
1. Answer (3)
l
Tensile strain =
l
2. Answer (1)
Due to elasticity the body tries to return to its original shape after removal of the load.
3. Answer (3)
Upto the point of limit of proportionality the extent of deformation is directly proportional to the stress developed.
4. Answer (4)
Longitudinal stress
Young’s modulus =
Longitudinal Strain
5. Answer (2)
Due to sudden application of load the deformation produced is twice and so the strain
As stress  strain
the maximum stress produced in sudden loading is twice than the gradual loading of second case.
SECTION-B
6. Answer (3)
1
For a wire l  l & l 
A
l
l   wire 2 will extend maximum
d2
7. Answer (1)
Here, 2r = 2.5 mm or r = 0.125 cm
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2 Mechanical Properties of Solids Solutions of Assignment
F = 100 × 1000 × 980 dyne

F l
As, Y 
A  l
l F

l AY
l F
 Percentage increase in length   100   100
l AY
8. Answer (4)
Hooke’s law states that
stress  strain
Stress
  Constant
Strain
9. Answer (2)
Lesser the restoring force corresponding to external load lesser is the elasticity of a material
10. Answer (1)

Stress
y 0
Strain
as stress = 0
 y 0
SECTION-C
11. Answer (3)
At the cross section
mgx
Tension T =
l
mgx
Stress =
lS
12. Answer (3)
l   dl
l
mgx
  Sly
 dx
0
l
mg
Sly 0
 xdx
mgl

2Sy
SECTION-D
13. A spring will be better one, if a large restoring force is set up in it on being deformed, which in turn depends
upon the elasticity of material of the spring. Since the Young’s modulus of elasticity of steel is more than that
of copper, hence steel is used.
Solutions of Assignment Mechanical Properties of Solids 3
l
14. F  YA 
l
F = 1.2 × 104 N
15. (i) Young’s modulus : The ratio of the longitudinal stress to the longitudinal strain is called Young’s modulus.
(ii) Bulk modulus : The ratio of volume stress to volume strain is called bulk modulus.
16. P = 80 × 1.013 × 105 N/m2
V 0.01

V 100
PV 80  1.013  105
 B   8.1 1010 N/m2
V 0.01
100
force mg
17. Breaking stress  
area a
 lag
Breaking stress 
a
Breaking stress
l
g
7.982  108
l m
8.1 103  9.8
l = 1 × 104 m
18. The copper and steel wires are under a tensile stress because they have the same tension (equal to the
load w) and the same area of cross-section A. We have, stress = strain × Young’s modulus. Therefore,
w L L
 Yc  c  Ys  s
A Lc Ls
where the subscripts c and s refer to copper and stainless steel respectively, or,
Lc  Ys   Lc 
   
Ls  Yc   Ls 
Given, Lc = 2.2 m, Ls = 1.6 m
Yc = 1.1 × 1011 Nm–2 and Ys = 2.0 × 1011 Nm–2
Lc  2.0  1011   2.2 

   2.5
Ls  1.1 1011   1.6 
The total elongation is given to be
Lc + Ls = 7.0 × 10–4 m
Solving the above equations,
Lc = 5.0 × 10–4 m and Ls = 2.0 × 10–4 m
( A  Yc  Lc )
Therefore, w 
Lc
= (1.5 × 10–3)2 × [(5.0 × 10–4 × 1.1 × 1011)/2.2]

= 1.8 × 102 N
 YA 
19. F    l so the slope of the graph in part (a) depends on Young’s modulus.
 l0 
F is the total load, 20 N plus the added load.

(i) The graph is given in figure
F (N)
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 l (cm)
3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4
60 N
(ii) The slope is  2.0  10 N/m
–2
(3.32 – 3.02)  10 m
 l   3.50 m 
Y   0  (2.0  104 N/m)    (2.0  104 N/m)  1.8  1011 Pa
2
 r   –3 2
 [0.35  10 m] 
(iii) The stress is F/A. The total load at the proportional limit is 64 N + 20 N = 84 N
84 N
stress   2.18  108 Pa
(0.35  10 –3 m)2
The value of Y we calculated is close to the value for iron, nickel and steel.
20. Each piece of the composite rod is subjected to a tensile force of 4.00 × 104 N.
F l0 F l
(i) Y  so l   0
Al YA
F l0,b F l0,n
lb = ln gives that  (b for brass and n for nickel); l0, n = L
Yb Ab Yn An
But the F is same for both, so
Y A
l0,n  n n l0,b
Yb Ab
 21 1010 Pa  1.00 cm2 

L   (1.40 m)  1.63 m
 9.0  1010 Pa  2.00 cm2 
  
F T
(ii) Stress  
A A
Brass : stress = T/A = (4.00 × 104 N)/(2.00 × 10–4 m2) = 2.00 × 108 Pa
Nickel : stress = T/A = (4.00 × 104 N)/(1.00 × 10–4 m2) = 4.00 × 108 Pa
(iii) Y = stress/strain and strain = stress/Y
Brass : strain = (2.00 × 108 Pa)/(9.0 × 1010 Pa) = 2.22 × 10–3
Nickel : strain = (4.00 × 108 Pa)/(21 × 1010 Pa) = 1.90 × 10–3
Larger Y means less l and smaller A means greater l, so the two effects largely cancel and the lengths
don’t differ greatly. Equal l and nearly equal l means the strains are nearly the same. But equal tensions
and A differing by a factor of 2 means the stresses differ by a factor of 2.
21. The situation is described in figure. As the 1 kg mass is in equilibrium, the tension in the lower wire equals
the weight of the load.
Thus, T1 = 10 N
T2
Stress = 10 N/0.005 cm2 2 kg
= 2× 107 N m–2. T1
1 kg
7 2
stress 2  10 N m
Longitudinal strain =   104.
Y 2  1011 N m2
Considering the equilibrium of the upper block, we can write,
T2 = 20 N + T1, or, T2 = 30 N.
Stress = 30 N/0.005 cm2
= 6 × 107 N m–2.
6  107 N m2
Longitudinal strain   3  104.
2  1011 N m2
22. (i) Stress = F/A, so equal stress implies T/A same for each wire.
TA/2.00 mm2 = TB/4.00 mm2 so TB = 2.00TA

The question is where along the rod to hang the weight in order to produce this relation between the
tensions in the two wires. Let the weight be suspended at point C, a distance x to the right of wire A.
The free-body diagram for the rod is given in the figure.
+
TA TB

C  C  0
TB (1.05 m – x ) – TA x  0
x 1.05 m –x
w
But TB = 2.00TA so 2.00TA(1.05 m – x) – TAx = 0
2.10 m – 2.00x = x and x = 2.10 m/3.00 = 0.70 m (measured from A).
(ii) Y = stress/strain gives that strain = stress/Y = F/AY.
Equal strain thus implies
TA TB

2 11
(2.00 mm )(1.80  10 Pa) (4.00 mm )(1.20  1011 Pa)
2
 4.00  1.20 
TB    TA  1.333TA
 2.00  1.80 

The  C  0 equation still gives TB(1.05 m – x) – TAx = 0
But now TB = 1.333TA so (1.333TA)(1.05 m – x) – TAx = 0
1.40 m = 2.33x and x = 1.40 m/2.33 = 0.60 m (measured from A)
Wire B has twice the cross-sectional area so it takes twice the tension to produce the same stress. For
equal stress the moment arm for TB (0.35 m) is half that for TA (0.70 m), since the torques must be equal.
The smaller Y for B partially compensates for the larger area in determining the strain and for equal strain
the moment arms are closer to being equal.
1
23. u (stress)  strain
2
1
 Young's modulus  (strain)2
2
2
1  0.5  10 –2 
  8  1010   
2  2 
 
25  10 –4
 4  1010 
400
= 25 × 104 J/m3

Step-2
Chapter 8

Solutions
1. Answer (1)
Elastic forces are not always conservative.
2. Answer (3)
F
At P2 , stress = S 2 
A
F cos 60 F
At P1 , stress = S1  =
A 4A
cos 60
S1 1
 
S2 4
3. Answer (3)
3L
Tension in the wire at length from lower end is
4
3 3w
T = suspended load + × weight of wire = w1 
4 4
3w
w1 
 Stress  4
A
4. Answer (2)
m 2  2 m2 l 3m 2 l
T(x) = l  x 2  , TA = , TB =
2l 2 8
5. Answer (2)
6. Answer (3)
7. Answer (1)
Slope of graph  Young’s modulus (Y)
8. Answer (2)
Slope  Young’s modulus
9. Answer (4)
F
Fe Cu
Force on each cross section is same and since cross sectional area is same so stress will be same.
and Y is different for Fe and Cu.
Stress
So, Y 
Strain
Stress
 Strain =
Y
Clearly strain will be different.
10. Answer (1)
Breaking strength, F = breaking stress × area of cross-section
S  D2
=
4
or F  D2
2
F2  D2 
 
F1  D1 
11. Answer (2)
Given, r = 10 mm = 10 × 10–3 m
0.32
l = 1.0 m; Strain 
100
Y = 2.0 × 1011 N/m2; F = ?
l
 F  Y  r 2 
l
F = 201 kN
12. Answer (1)
F1 A1  l 2
 1
F2 A2  l1
 F1 : F2 = 1 : 1
13. Answer (1)
Fl
Y 
A l
Fl
 l 
AY
Force is same, Y is same.
l
l 
A
1
2 1 2 3
l1  , l2  , l3  and l4 
     
2 2 3 2 2
 0.5  10 3   0.5  10 3  1  10  1.5  10 3
 
 2 
2 1 1 1
So l1  , l2  , l3  , l4 
 
3 2
 
3 2
 
3 2
 
2
 0.5  10  0.5  10 2 0.5  10 3 0.5  103
So l1 will be largest.
14. Answer (2)
F l Fl
Ys  YCu 
A  l s ; A  l Cu
YS l
  Cu
YCu lS
5
 l Cu  l S …(i)
3
According to the question,
 ls +  lCu = 2 cm …(ii)
From equation (i) & (ii), we get
 lS = 0.75 cm,  lCu = 1.25 cm

15. Answer (2)
S = 7.2 × 107 N/m2
 = 7.2 × 103 kg/m3
Breaking stress
Weight of wire
S
Area of cross-section of wire
Al g
S
A
S
 l
g
16. Answer (3)

17. Answer (3)
Fl Fl
l   l 
AY Y
l 1 Fl Y
  1 1 . 2  3.2.2  6
l 2 F2 l 2 Y1 2 1 1 1
18. Answer (4)
The free body diagram of two parts are shown in figure
2L/3 2F L/3
3F 3F 2F
Total elongation is
 2L   L
3F   2F  
 3  3
l  l1  l 2  
AY AY
8FL
I = 3 AY
19. Answer (1)
x
 4x 
T (x)   5  
 L 
F  4x 
d   AY  5  L 
 dx
L
F  4x 2 
    5x  
AY  2L 0
3FL
  
AY
20. Answer (2)
Internal force in the wire due to strain is providing the necessary centripetal force
YAL
 F  m2L
L
m2L2
 Y
AL
21. Answer (1)
22. Answer (2)
1 1 W l 1
Strain stored in the wire = stress  strain  volume =    A  l = W l
2 2 A l 2
Work done by gravity = W  l
1 1
Heat produced = W .l  W l = .W .l
2 2
23. Answer (2)

24. Answer (1)
25. Answer (4)
Both gases and liquids (collectively called fluids) cannot exhibit shearing stress.
26. Answer (1)
FL FL FL FL
L = = = =
YA Y A1A2 2 2
Y r1 r2 Y r1r2
27. Answer (4)

l
Tl  mg
2
mg
T 
2
mgl
l 
2 AY
28. Answer (25)
U 1
 stress  strain
Volume 2
also stress = Y × strain
U 1
 = Y  (strain)2
Volume 2
2
1  2  103 
=  (2  1011 )   
2  4 
= 2.5 × 104 J/m3
29. Answer (0.8)
 P V
B
V
 P V
=
1.6  107    0.25  m3
 V   = 0.8 L
B 5.0  109
30. Answer (3)
– P
K = V
V
V – P
 = ...(i)
V K
4 3
V= r
3
V 3r
 = ...(ii)
V r
By (i) and (ii)
3r P r P
=  =
r K r 3K
mg r mg
Since P =  =
A r 3KA
31. Answer (4)

Area of wire A = r 2
Mg 
2
 Y
r 0
Mg 4  10 3
  ·Y ...(i)
r 2 2
8v00 = M
Now when load is immersed in liquid then
8v 0 0 g  2v 0 0 g 
2
 Y ...(ii)
r 0
6v 0 0 g 
 2
 Y
r 0
 6v 0 0 g
3

4  10 8v 0 0 g
6
    4  10 3 m
8
  = 3 × 10–3 m = 3 mm
32. Answer (2)
F 4  3.1
Stress    3.1  106 N/m2
A   (2  103 )2
33. Answer (4)
1  YA  2 1 2
  ( l )  mv
2  L  2
mv 2 L
 Y
A ( l )2
0.02  400  0.42  4


  36  10 6  0.04
= 2.3 × 106 N/m2
So, order is 106.
34. Answer (4)
FL
L =
YA
LA LB
 Y r2  Y r2
A A B B
2 LA YB
 rA  ·
LB YA
· rB
22 4
  2 mm
37
4
  2  1.7 mm
4.58
35. Answer (3)
Brass steel F
Corresponding to the stress ()
L1 L2
Total elongation  Inet  
Y1 Y2
 YY 
  I  1 2 
 Y1  Y2 
 120  60 
 0.2  103     10
9
 180 
N
 8  106
m2
36. Answer (2)
400
Stress =  379  106 N/m2
r 2
2 400
 r 
379  106 
2r  1.15 mm
37. Answer (1)
1
Energy desnsity = stress × Strain
2
1F F
Energy density = 
2 A AY
4
u1  d 2 
 
u2  d1 
d1
 (4)1/4
d2
d1
 2 :1
d2
38. Answer (3)
 v p 1
 
v B 20
l 1 p 1
 
l 3 B 60
l 5
 100   1.67%
l 3
39. Answer (3)
9K 
∵ Y 
  3K
Y
 K
9  3Y
40. Answer (1)
P
K
 V 
– V 
 
V 
∵ – 
V 
P
K
   
  
 
 P
 
 K
P
  
K
41. Answer (4)
Stress P gh
 
Strain  V   V 
   
 V   V 
103  9.8  2  103


 1.36 
 
 100 
= 1.44 × 109 N/m2
42. Answer (3)
Let k be constant
k(l1 – l0) = T1
k(l2 – l0) = T2
T1 T2

( l1  l0 ) ( l 2  l0 )
 T l  T2 l1 
l0   1 2 
 T1  T2 
43. Answer (2)
T1 = k(l1 – l0) (i)
T2 = k(l2 – l0) (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
l1T2  l 2 T1
l0 
T2  T1
44. Answer (3)

L = L1 +L2
F F F
  
 YA   Y1A   Y2 A 
     
 2L   L   L 
2L L L
  
YA Y1A Y2 A
2 L L
  
Y Y1 Y2
2Y1Y2
 Y
Y1  Y2
45. Answer (4)
5g  3g
Acceleration, a 
8
2g g
 
8 4
FBD of 5 kg g/4
5g
5g
 5g  T 
4
15g
T
4
Now, T  24  102
r 2 
15g 5
r2  r  m
4  24  102 4  10
rmin = 12.5 cm
46. Answer (2)
dx
m
Tension in the rod at distance x is, T  xg
l
dy
YA T
dx
T dx
dy 
YA
mg
 dy   AY xdx
mgl
y
2AY
10  0.20

2  100  104  2  1011
= 0.50 × 10–9
= 5 × 10–10
47. Answer (4)
mg
Compressive force on each column 
4
F
Stress 
A
F
Strain 
AY
mg

4Y[r22  r12 ]
50  103  9.8

4  2  1011[12  (0.50)2 ]
50  103  9.8

6  1011
5  9.8  107
  2.6  107
6
48. Answer (4)
T = ml2
T ml 2
 
A A
ml 2
 48  107
A
(48  107 )A
 2 
ml
2 (48  107 ) (10 –6 )

    16
10  3
 max = 4 rad/s
49. Answer (2)
FL
l =
AY
l 2 L2 A1

l1 A2 L1
 L   A1  1
l 2   2    l1  2  4  4  2 cm
L
 1 2 A
50. Answer (32)
F
 
Ay
 A A rB2 2 A
      16
 B B rA2 4 B
A 1
 
B 32
 x = 32
51. Answer (40)
(m  30)g
1   1.25  109
8  10 7
 m + 30 = 100
m = 70
(m  10)g
2   1.25  109
4  10 7
m + 10 = 50
m = 40
 40 kg is safest maximum mass
52. Answer (500)
VdP V
B  (gh)
dV dV
9.8  108  0.005

h
103  9.8
= 500 m

Step-3
Chapter 8
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Answer (3)
F cos(90 – ) F
Stress(xx) =  sin cos
 A  A
 cos  
 
2. Answer (4)
dF = ()(R) R
2
T = R22
T
S0A = R2 2 T
T T
 
2
1 S0 A 

  2 
R  2
Tmax = S0A
3. Answer (1)
3  k  l1  l0 
4  k  l 2  l0 
7  k  l1  l 2  2l0 
4. Answer (3)
2YA YA
k1  , k2 
L L
 2YA 
keq   
 3L 
 F   3F L 
xt   0    0 
 kr   2YA 
5. Answer (1)
Calculate elongation in both the rod to calculate displacement of point P.
6. Answer (4)
T
dl 
 YA 
 dx 
 
T
dl  dx
YA
 Mg  x
dl    2  L  dx
 YA  
L

 Mg   x
l   YA   2  L  dx
  
0
a=g
T
3 MgL F 2F
l 
2 YA x
dx
7. Answer (3)
Since T1 = T2
k1 = k2
 l1 = l2
8. Answer (3)
T(x)
x dx
T  x  dx
l 
 AY
9. Answer (3)
2v0
m Y, A
l 2m
v0
vCM = v0
m  2v 0 
2
6mv 02
T  
l l
2
3
Tl 6mv 02
l  
AY AY
10. Answer (3)
P V0 P
B  V 
 V  B
 
 V0 
  – 0 
   –1
0 0 0

0 V 0 V V0
Now,   V   V – V  P
0 0 V0 – V0
B
 P
 
0 B – P
P  P
  .1  
B 0 B
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (One or more than one option(s) is/are correct)
1. Answer (2, 3)
F
Stress in rod AB =
A F 2F F 2F
A B C
F L  F2 L2 2F  L  F  L 3FL
L  1 1  
YA YA YA
2. Answer (1, 4)
L  x  2 1 L  x 
T(x)   A   2  2 
 2   
A
T (x)  (L  2 x )(L  2 x ) 2
8
dl T  AL2 2  L2 2
  
dx AY. . 8 AY 8Y
 AL 2 L AL2 2
, . 
2 4 9
L /2 L /2
 2 2  2  2 4x3   2  L3 4 L3   2 (3  1)L3  2L3

L  dl  2 
0
8Y
(L  4 x 2 ) dx =
4Y
 L .x 
 3

0
= 4Y   .
 2 3 8
 
 4Y 6 =
12Y
3. Answer (2, 3)
M
Td   Rd 2L
L
d
T T
T= M2R
2R = L
4. Answer (2, 3, 4)
2FL FL L–x
LP = 
2 AY AY
T 2F
FL
LQ = x
AY
1 stress2
Elastic potential energy = A.dx
2 Y
L
1 4F 2
 L  x 
2
= 2Y . 2 2 .dx .A
AL 0
2F 2  2 L3 L2 
= L L   2L. 
YAL2  3 2 
2F 2  3 L3 3 2F 2L
= L   L  
3YAL2  3  3 yA
5. Answer (1, 2)
f = mg
f = ()()a3g
a3 g  ag 
Longitudinal stress   
(2)a2  2 
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension
1. Answer (3)
T1 T Fe Cu
 2  T1  2T2 …(i)
0 .6 0 .3
T2 = T T1 = 2T
For rotational equilibrium about centre of mass of rod,
T2 × x = T1 (1 – x) …(ii) mR = 1 kg
From (i) and (ii), x
2 kg
x = 0.67 m
2. Answer (2)
Yiron l l 2
 Cu  Cu 
YCu l iron l iron 1
3. Answer (3)
1
Energy density = × stress × strain
2
E iron 1
 
E Cu 2
SECTION - D
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Answer A(p), B(r), C(q), D(r, s)
F .l F  L1 4FL1
Y1   
A.l 9 9L1
.L1
4
F .L2 F .L2
Y2  
(1)2 .L2 .L2
L1
F .L3 4.F .L3 L2 L3
Y3  
 1 L3
   .L3 3m 2m 1m
4
 
F
F F
If 9L2 = 4L1 and L1 = L2  Y1 = Y2 F F F
If L2 < 4L3 and L2 = L3  Y3 > Y2
If L1 = L2 and L1 = L2  Y2 > Y1
If L2 = L3 and L2 = L3  Y3 = 4Y2  Y3 > Y2
2. Answer A(q, r, s), B(q, r), C(p, t), D(p)
10  m  g
For A, breaking stress =
A
7 2 9 10  m   10
If A  2  10 m then 10   m = 10 kg
2  10 7
If A  4  107 m2 then m  30 kg
1  stress 150 2
2
If m = 5 kg then u A    uA 
2 y 2y A2
14 2 7 2 150  150
If y  10 N/m and A  2  10 m uA   2812 J/m3
2  1014  4  1014
And A  4  10 7 m2 , u A  703 J/m2
If y  2  1014 , A  2  107 m2 , u A  1406 J/m3
And A  4  107 m2 , uA  352J/m3
mg
For B, breaking stress =
A
m  10
If A  2  10 7 m2 then 109   m = 20 kg
2  10 7
If A  4  10 7 m2 then m = 40 kg
 7g  2
If m = 7 kg then uB 
2 y A2
70  70 J
14 2
If y  10 N/m , A  2  10 7 m2 , uB  14 14
 612.5 3
2  10  4  10 m
A  4  107 m2 , uB  153 J/m3
If y  2  1014 N/m2 , A  2  107 m2 , uB  306 J/m3
A  4  107 m2 , uB  76.5 J/m3
SECTION - E
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. Answer (3)
Refer theory
2. Answer (1)
Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Elasticity is a measure of tendency of the body to regain its original configuration. As steel is deformed less than
rubber therefore steel is more elastic than rubber.
3. Answer (4)
Stress
Modulus of elasticity =
Strain
is property of a material but, depending on nature of deforming force (longitudinal, shear or volumetric) three
different moduli are defined. So statement-2 is correct.
4. Answer (2)
A rod lying freely will attain its natural length on heating
 No thermal stress will be developed
Statement-1 is correct, Statement-2 is also correct, as rod expands on heating.

5. Answer (1)
Refer theory
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. Answer (4)
r
dy Mg  dy
y  dl   r 2  Y
2R  R
tan =
L
r R R R
= r= y R
y L L
L
M  g  dy Mg  dy
 dl =  2
  r Y
=   y 
2
0
  R  R  .Y
 L 
1 L
 y   L
  R  R   
Mg   L   L MgL  1  MgL  1 1 
l =  R = RY   = RY  R  2R 
Y  1 y
 R  R  
 
 0  L 0
MgL  1  MgL
L =   
RY  2R  2R 2Y
 Mg 
L = L 1  
 2R 2Y 
2. Answer (3)
When string is vertical
mv 2
T  mg   T  3mg
l
3. Answer (5)
1
U =  Y  (strain)2
2
2
3
1 11  2  10 
=  2  10   
2  4 
= 2.5 × 104 J/m3
4. Answer (2)
M 2 g 2L (  AL )2  g 2  L
E = =
6 AY 6 AY
2 A2L2  g 2L 1 2 g 2L3 A
= =
6 AY 6 Y
5. Answer (8)
1 r / r 2 r
=  4%
4 L / L r
L r
= 4
L r
L
% = 4(2%) = 8%
L
SECTION - G
Previous Years Questions
1. Answer (C)
Force will be same.
FL
Now, 
AY
1 L (2R )2
 2 2
2 R 2L
2. Answer (A, B)
Stress
Q P
Strain
(A) Also, P breaks at a greater stress.

(B) P is more ductile
3. Answer (3)
F 
 A
  y
  
 
 
mg 
 y …(i)
A
After cooling

   10 …(ii)

So, m  3 kg
4. Answer (2.00)
T1
T2
T1 T2 3
 30°
2 2 60°
T1  3 T2
Mg
l 2 T2 l 2 A1Y1
 
l1 A2Y2 T1 l1
l 2 3 T2 2
  2
l1 T1 1
5. Answer (0.24)
dP
V B
dV
dV dP
  
V B
3( dl ) dP
 
l B
l dP l gh 1 103  10  5  103

 l        2.4  10 4  0.24 mm
3 B 3 B 3 70  109


CLS ENG 22 23 XI Phy Target 4 Level 1 Chapter 8

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Step-1

Mechanical Properties of Solids

F = 100 × 1000 × 980 dyne

10. Answer (1)

12. Answer (3)

Given, Lc = 2.2 m, Ls = 1.6 m

Yc = 1.1 × 1011 Nm–2 and Ys = 2.0 × 1011 Nm–2

Lc  2.0  1011   2.2 

The total elongation is given to be

Lc + Ls = 7.0 × 10–4 m

Solving the above equations,

Lc = 5.0 × 10–4 m and Ls = 2.0 × 10–4 m

= (1.5 × 10–3)2 × [(5.0 × 10–4 × 1.1 × 1011)/2.2]

F is the total load, 20 N plus the added load.

But the F is same for both, so

 21 1010 Pa  1.00 cm2 

(iii) Y = stress/strain and strain = stress/Y

Brass : strain = (2.00 × 108 Pa)/(9.0 × 1010 Pa) = 2.22 × 10–3

Nickel : strain = (4.00 × 108 Pa)/(21 × 1010 Pa) = 1.90 × 10–3

Considering the equilibrium of the upper block, we can write,

Stress = 30 N/0.005 cm2

TA/2.00 mm2 = TB/4.00 mm2 so TB = 2.00TA

But TB = 2.00TA so 2.00TA(1.05 m – x) – TAx = 0

2.10 m – 2.00x = x and x = 2.10 m/3.00 = 0.70 m (measured from A).

(ii) Y = stress/strain gives that strain = stress/Y = F/AY.

Equal strain thus implies

But now TB = 1.333TA so (1.333TA)(1.05 m – x) – TAx = 0

1.40 m = 2.33x and x = 1.40 m/2.33 = 0.60 m (measured from A)

Mechanical Properties of Solids

11. Answer (2)

Y = 2.0 × 1011 N/m2; F = ?

So l1 will be largest.

14. Answer (2)

According to the question,

 lS = 0.75 cm,  lCu = 1.25 cm

16. Answer (3)

18. Answer (4)

The free body diagram of two parts are shown in figure

19. Answer (1)

21. Answer (1)

22. Answer (2)

Work done by gravity = W  l

23. Answer (2)

27. Answer (4)

31. Answer (4)

33. Answer (4)

0.02  400  0.42  4

Corresponding to the stress ()

38. Answer (3)

103  9.8  2  103

44. Answer (3)

45. Answer (4)

46. Answer (2)

2 (48  107 ) (10 –6 )

52. Answer (500)

9.8  108  0.005

Mechanical Properties of Solids

If L2 < 4L3 and L2 = L3  Y3 > Y2

If L1 = L2 and L1 = L2  Y2 > Y1

If L2 = L3 and L2 = L3  Y3 = 4Y2  Y3 > Y2