ELECTRONIC PROJECTS ¢BLECTRONIC PROJECTS 20 PASSIVE PROJECTS AC LINE FILTER @ AUDIO SQUELCH ® CW MONITOR TAPE DUBBING FILTER @ FM TUNING METER : TWEETER CROSSOVER ® WATIMETER @ & MORE PAGES 4-14 IOILOW COST PROJECTS WIRELESS MIKE FOR FM @ SCREAM GENERATOR @ GUITAR TWANG AMP ELECTRONIC TOUCH ALARM @ FUZZ AMP CRYSTAL TESTER SPEECH CLIPPER @ BLACK-OUT ALARM @ MINI-LIGHT BLINKER ‘AM REBROADCASTER @ RC FROM WALKIE TALKIE AND MUCH, MUCH MORE PAGES 15-16 12) EXCITING & USEFUL PROJECTS YOU GIN BULD IMPORTANT, The various circuits described in this hook are for 117 volts A.C, Necessary changes in the power supplies and component substitution may be necessary in some of the circuits. Published by G C Jain for Business Promction Bureau through the courtsey of Page Publications of Qus Australia and Printed et: GOYAL OFFSET PRINTERS 308/6-E, Shahzeda Bagh, Daya Basti, Delhi-11(036th this 1974 issue of “101” the Editors have gathered a number of new circuits labled passive. 1 is a group of 20 circuits usually consisting only of resistors, capaci- tors, diodes or inductors. We define passive circuits as those that do not connect directly to a battery, AC supply, solar cell or similar power source. Amphtication devices such as discrete transistors or operutional IC ampli- fiers ure not used in passive circuits, As an example, the BC-CB DUPLEXER project prevents transmitted and received CB RF power from eniering your auto radio even though both use the same CB whip an- tenna, The duplexer is @ passive circuit, com- PASSIVE CIRCUIT PROJECTS posed entirely of resistive. capacitive ductive clements, that clectrically permits the .55 to 1.6 MHz AM signal to pays only to the AM radio, not to the CB set. Similar ly, «27.135 MHz CB signal (CHIS) picked up by the same antenna will be electronically routed directly 10 the CR set—hypasing compleicly the AM radio, So, passive circuits you find in this issue do net require way type of “gain” devices: they are, in addition. fairly simple projects that are used to improve the operation or make measurements of other ele equipment. How about you gettins active with a passive circuit today? Here's an easy way to measure an ampli fier's output power without trying to con. vert voltage to power measurements. Re sistor RI provides the load for your ampli- fier and should be rated at least twice the meximum amplifier power output: for ex- ample, if your amp puts out 26 watts, RL should be rated at least 50 watts. The meter scale must be hand calibrated, and will take some time and effort, but once done it's done for good. Remove the 4 ij Audio Wattmeter scale cover from meter ML and borrow an AC variable autotransformer, or ‘connect a 1000 Hz signal generator to the ampli fier output. Connect the output of the auto- transformer (or amplifier) to binding posts BP1 and BP2, and connect an AC volt. meter (VOM) across the binding posts. Set R2 to off—full counter-clockwise if correct- ly wired. Adjust the autotransformer (or amplifier) output until the AC meter indi- cates 20 V rms—the voltage for 50 wattsBPr InpuT * ape’ cn 100uF c2 100uF across 8 ohms. Adjust potentiometer R2 for a full scale indication on meter Mi Seal R2’s shaft with a drop of Glyptol or nail polish. Reduce the voltage across the binding posts in accordance with the table shown and mark the meter scale accord ingly. { PARTS LIST FOR AN AUDIO WATTMETER BPI, BP2—Insuloted binding posts C1, C2100 uF, 50 VOC 01, D2, D3, D4—Diede, HEP-134 M1—0.1 mA DC mete: Ri—a-chm, 100-wettt resistor, see text R2—1500-ohm linear taper potentiometer 03 Voltage 20. 17. 15. 4. 12. li 9, NN HEP-134 o 9 5 1 6 0 0 3 8 0 Watts at 8 ohms 50 40 30 25 20 15 10 5 1 05[tie HY Load Matcher Most audio circuits transfer their maximum power at minimum distortion only when the output impedance is matched to the load impedance. But it is often necessary to con: nect equipment of differing impedances. For example, how do you correct an ampli fier with 2 600 ohm output into an ampli: fier with a 50 ohm input? Usually, if the 50 ohm input is connected across the ampli fier with @ 600 ohm output, the excessive loading caused by SO ohms will sharply reduce the cutput of the 600 ohm ampli. fier, and will generally increase the distor: tion sharply. ‘A minimum loss pad is the device used to match 2 high impedance to a low impe- dance. Though there is always a signal level loss through a pad, the circuit shown provides the absolute minimum loss that fy Zz ze SIGNAL IN Fe SIGNAL OUT Zi MUST BE GREATER VEG THAN 2 [rar can be obtained while providing a precise match. If the resistance values work out to odd values, such as 134 ohms, use the closest standard value. Though 5 percent tolerance resistors are suggested, almest as good performance will be obtained with 10 percent resistors. Ze Ri Ee 3 | Remote Speaker Setup Even if your hi-fi amplifier does not have output terminals for remote speakers, it is easy enough to add them without complex switching equipment. With few exceptions, n solid-state amplifiers have no out: put transformer and automatically match any speaker impedance between 4 and 16 ohms. The oaly important consideration is that the total impedance connected to the left and/or right speaker output is never less than 4 ohms, or the amplifier will at- tempt to deliver so much power output, the output transistors will self-destruct, If your main speakers have an impedance of 8 or 16 ohms, simply add remote speakers as shown; switch S1 turns the remote speakers on and off. Since transistor amplifiers usu. ally put out more power at 4 ohms than at 8 or 16 ohms, adcing the extra spe cers does not substantially reduce the volume at the main speakers because the amplifier sees a lower impedance load and altempts to drive more power output into the com. bined speaker load. If your speakers are 4 ohms, and you plan to use 4 ohm remote speakers use the circuit modification shown. Switching in the remote speaker will result in the main and remote speakers 6 being series connected for a total load of B ohms. Crew] wan SPEAKER REMOTE SPEAKER vert} aicous Ufaisoines Ste stento ( SERRE. 1 evswiven pst [— - a rignT Js-teonms lexcouns oh . t \ MAIN SPEAKER REMOTE SPEAKER FROM a LEFT AMPLIFIER | ual seoby REMOTE Hi at $= —~S2-switcn opot FROM 7 EMF Hl ic] ain RIGHT AMPLIFIER, } ual s2e Tr REMOTE anLast IF AMPLIFIER -——bI— se ‘Those inexpensive portable Public Service Radios do a fine job of receiving police and fire calls. But if you're not tuned precisely to the center channei of the base station, it's more than likely you don’t near the much weaker signals from the mobiles With an FM Tuning Meter hooked onto your public service inhaler, you'll be able to copy any signal that can fight its way into the antenna terminals. The schematic shows @ detector circuit common to most public service portables. Resistor Rx and capaciter Cx form the de-emphasis net- work. Connect one end of sensitivity con- tol RL fo the junction of Rx and Cx as eit FM Tuning Meter RATIO DETECTOR NEW mt 1 AL y——4—e auoie ovteut mam PARTS LIST FOR FM TUNING METER MI—5O or 100 A meter, zero contor Ri—1 megehm minieture potentiometer shown. Meter M1 is the zero center minia: ture type; one rated either 50 or 100 mic. roamperes will be satisfactory. Adjust Rl so the meter pointer is not driven offscale when the signal is detuned to the extrome of the sidebands. Proper tuning is then indicated when the meter shows center scale. Old 78 rpm collector’s-item records cut back in the early cays when performers sang in front of a large horn usually nave a peak in the midband that drives the sound into your mind like a fingernail scratched across a blackboard. The overall sound quality is easily tamed, and made more natural and modern, by attenuating the shrill peaks with a Record Restorer, 2 de- vice that suppresses, by hi-fi standards, the midband frequencies. The Record Re- Record Restorerstorer sould be assembled in a metal cab- inet to. prevent hum pickup. Connect the output ‘of your phonograph to the restorer input. Connect the output of the restorer to your tape recorder. Set potentiometer R2 to maximum resistance and adjust potentiometer R3_ for the most pleasing sound, If R3's adjustment is too little, or too much @s evidenced by a “hole’’ in the sound quality, trim the restorer with R2 until you get the optimum equalization. RTS LIST FOR RECORD RESTORER C1, €3—0.2 uF mylar capacitor, 25 VDC. of better €Z~0.02 uF mylar capacitor, 25 YDC or better RI—270,000-ohm, Vs-watt resistor R2, R3—25,000-chm poteatiometer, linear taper Many cassette recorders do not have a high level (aux) input; they are meant only for use with microphones. If you try to dub di- rectly from another recorder's “line” out: put, or from across the speaker, the rela. tively high signal level overloads the micro- phono input, causing severe distortion. Good dubs can be obtained by attenuating the high evel signal almost 50 dB, so the attenuated signal is essentially equal to microphone level. This recorder bridging cord provides about 50 dB attenuation ina single, easy-to-handle assembly Connect resistor Rl in series with the shielded cable hot ead. Connect the free end of RI to recorder plug PL2 and one end of resistor R2. Fotd R2 back adjacent to RI and solder the free end to the cable shield. Loop a wire from the shield to the PL2 outside ‘ite Mike Desensitizer SHieLoE® Bet Sf eS a, 2 10K NEW PARTS LIST FOR MIKE DESENSITIZER PLI, PL2—Plugs to match existing tape equipment Shielded cable RI—100,000-chm, Vs-wott resistor R2—10,000-ohm, Ye-watt resistor (sleeve) terminal. PL1 should match the output jack of the rezorder you dub from, PASSIVE CIREUIT AUTOMATIC SHUT-OFF SWITCH ON BHONOGRAPH Stereo ShutoffIt happens to just about everyone. One min- ute you're listening to the hi-fi, the next you're called away to answer the doorbell or a phone call, You forget all about the music, the record plays through, the auto- matic turntable shuts off—but the ampli fier stays on until you happen to pass by and notice the glow from the pilot lamps. Yet, this simple circuit, which you can throw together in less than an hour, will automatically turn off the amplifier when the turntable shuts off. The relay coil voltage is taken from across the phono motor; when the turntable motor is on, re fay KI closes and applies power to AC socket S01; when the turntable shuts off, removing voltage from the motor, K1 opens. PARTS LIST FOR STEREO SHUTOFF KIA117 VAC retay with contacts cated af leost 5 amperes at 117 VAC (Rov dis Shack 275-207) Si—Switeh, SPST (shutoff bypess) SO1—AC socket Be- shutoff disconnecting power from the outlet cause the turntable automatic switch might not be able to carry the am- plifier load, the AC power for SO] is taken off before the automatic shutoff switch. Switch S1 bypasses the relay cuntacts and applies power to the socket even when the turntable is off. PASSIVE CIRCUIT W's often difficult if not impossible to de. tect RF in mini-power RF circuits such as used in walkie-talkies: generally, service grade test equipment just isn’t sensitive enough. Next time you're working on a CB walkie-talkie and can't tell if a lower power RF amplifier is working, just throw togeth. er a CB Sniffer Probe from remains of the old junk box. Better yet, why not be pre- pared in advance because all new com ponents will cost less than $10. A small plastic rod about 6 inches long. cemented to LI, will allow you to use the sniffer as 2 probe, To align, place the sniffer near the antenna of a known good walkie-talkie, key the transmitter, and using an insulated alignment screwdriver adjust trimmer ca pacitor C1 for maximum brilliance of neon lamp 11. Next time a friend asks you to dub his old 78 or worn 45 record collection on tape don’t start telling him how it will come out with more scratch and naise than music No need to apologize. Just pass his rec: ords through the Tape Dubbing Filter and he'll never know wh’ hoppen” to the noise —it will all be gone. The fitter connects between the signal source such as a record player and your tape recorder It's cut-off frequency starts at about 5000 Hz, attenu: CB Sniffer Probe u PLASTIC ROD ‘oR WOOD DOWEL €1—5 to 30 pF trimmer capacitor M—NE-2 neon lamp LILRF choke, Ohmite 2-144 or equiv, ES 9 | Tape Dubbing Filter fi oa q a 100% Cr F RoM SiON, Mop — ee ‘SOURCE ¢: ce RECORDER > Y00 "TF 306% t \ NEW °ation increasing at the higher noise pro- ducing frequencies. Control R2 allows you to shift the “corner” frequency slightly up of down to obtain more or less high frequency attenuation as needed. For prop: er operation, the recorder input impedance should be at least 100,000 ohms. Some solid state recorders with inpyt impedances less than 100,000 ohms will reduce the degree of high frequency noise filtering. This unit should be built in a metal en- closure. PARTS LIST FOR ‘THE TAPE DUBBING FILTER C1, C2300 pF dise capecitor, 50 VOC or better RI—100,000-ohmes, Vz-watt resist R2—100,009-ohm potentiometer, any taper Tweeter Crossover 0 EXISTING ANP WOOFER ot new gor aso PN) TWEETER NEW Any single voice coil speaker is herd pressed to handle hoth low and high fre- quencies simultaneously—and it's the highs that suffer most. A much cleaner sound can usually De obtained from speak ers 6 inches cr larger if the highs are pumped through a tweeter, It can be eny small speaker rated 4 to 6 ohms of ap proximately 2 to 3 inches in diameter. The back-to-back capacitors, C1 and C2. permit only the highs from about 1500 rz up to pass into the tweeter. By keeping the lows out of the tweeter, the highs come out cleaner, and there's no chance of the greater low frequency power “blowing” the tweeter. Potentiometer RI is used to match the tweeter’s output level to that of the woofer—because small speakers are gen- erally much more efficient than large speak- ers. If you eliminate RI, the highs will lit- erally scream in your ears. PARTS LIST FOR TWEETER CROSSOVER C1, C2—25 vF electrolytic capacitor, 25- 50 voc R1—50-ohm wirebound potentiometer, 1 or 2 watts, Mise. Cone type tweeters such os the Lofayette 99-01562 are suitable for use with this circult. AC Line Regulator Shrinking TV pictures, color shifts, hi-fi am. plifiers that don’t put out anywhere near their rated power, photographic enlargers requiring extra-long exposures, These are just a few of the symptoms associated with low line voltage. Maybe it’s the local elec- trie company “‘browning” you out because they can’t meet the electric surge to power summer cooling (or winter heating), or per- haps your electric wiring capacity is just too low for all the appliances on your line Whatever, that expensive modern equip- ment pooping out from low line voltage can be brought back to life with an AC variable transformer, often called a variable auto- transformer, “10, MI [NEW ] (0-150 vac 1! The autotransformer normally has an oper- ating output of from 0 to 150 VAC, so that’s a reserve of at least 30 volts. When the power line dips, simply crank up theautotransformer until the meter indicates between 115 and 120 VAC. The device works the same way if your line voltage runs too high: simply crank the transform er down to the desired voltage. Autotranstormers come in many wattage ratings; make certain the one you get can handle the load. As a safety feature, have at least 25 percent reserve capacity. If the Headphone outputs aren't standard. On some equipment the phone output might be low impedance such as for hii type headphones; on other equipment the phone output might be “*high Z” such 2s 5000 or 10,000 ohms. Connect low-Z phones to 2 high-Z output and the volume level will fati to nextto-nothing, and distortion might soar to unpleasant values. But use a Z-Matcher, actually a fow-to-high matching transformer, and you can use just about any phone on any circuit. Don't let the 4 and 10,000 ohm markings fool you. Any low-Z phone from 4 to 20 ohms con. nects to the 4-ohm transformer terminals; any high-Z phone connects to the 10,000 ohm terminals. For example, if you are using 8 ohm hifi phones and a recorder with 2 5000 ohm phone output connect the Bohm phones to the 4.ohm terminals and the 10,000-ohm terminals to the recorder. An exact match isn’t critical, load is 180 watts, use_an autotransformer rated at least 200 watts. PARTS LIST FOR AC LINE REGULATOR MI—0-150 VAC meter. PLI—AC plug i TI-AC power line voriable autotra former (Ohmite type or equivalent, see text) th Loz 4a 10KA. NEW PARTS LIST FOR Z-MATCHER Ti—Audio output transformer; 4-3 chm primary, 12,008 ohm tecondery (AL lied 705-0532; iefayotte 32-85005; UTC eliracompact tyne AcaS for professionel applications) ik) Tube Quick Check TEST LEADS TO CHECK CONTINUITY Most tube failures are caused by open fila- ments, so you can Save a lot of time when troubleshooting radios, TV and communi- cations gear by using this almost instan- taneous tube checker. Simply plug a tube into the matching socket: if the filament is okay, lamp 11 will light. If you have any oddball tubes that use sockets other than the standard three shown, simply build them into the checker. The continuity test leads also allow you to check filaments in tubes that won't fit the sockets PARTS LIST FOR TUBE QUICK-CHECK B16 volt battery, Burges: Z4 or lantern type —#40 pilot lamp. SO1—Octel socks? $02—7 pin socket S03—9 pin socketFROM STEREO AMPLIFIER coma of RIGHT CHANNEL Even if your stereo set doesn’t have a head- phone output you can still get the intimate sound of headphone listening by adding this easy to build stereophone controler. Un- like a simple switching system, the con- troller has individual level controls for both the lett and right cans (phones). thus allow- ing you to balance the phone volume with- out upsetting the amplifier control settings. When the speakers are re-connected by switch Si, the amplifier is at its normal volume level. Volume controls R1 and R2 should be wirewound types rated at least 2 watts if your stereo amplifier has a power output greater than 10 watts. If your am. Can Controller TO LEFT SPEAKER 0 RIGHT SPEAKER, STEREO HEADPHONE, ourrur ACK plifier’s output is Jess than 10 watts, R1 and R2 can be any wirewound type rated 2 watts or less. Resistor R3 and R4 only serve to protect the phones against damage in the event you have the controls set for full volume when you switch to phone opera. tio — PARTS LIST FOR CAN CONTROLLER Stereo phone jack te match plug on headphones RY, RI—50-chm wirewound variable re- sistor, see text R3, RA—150-chm, V2-watt resistor Si—Switch, BPDT (thai [Gl] Speaker Extender Your CB rir or SW receiver, or hi-fi ampli- fier can do double duty by feeding signals around the house. But to avoid blasting the ‘sound in one location while it's a pipsqueak somewhere else, connect an L pad at each ‘speaker, then run the transceiver gain near- cB. TRANSCEIVER EXTERNAL SPEAKER, wack 12 ly wide open, The L pad is a special impe- dance-matching volume control that lets you adjust the volume at each individual ‘Speakay from full off to full on, without af- fecting the volume at the other speakers. Regardless of the impedance of the speak- ers you're using, best results are obtained with 8 ohm L pads PARTS LIST FOR SPEAKER EXTENDER ohm b pad (Latoyette 99-6140, for stereo: Lafayette 99-61343 for mono, or equivalent) PLI—Plug fo motch your external speak er jack uy, uePASSIVE oh. cit "ARTS LIST FOR RF SNIFFER The easiest way to start servicing low pow: er ham transmitters is to first local where the power gets lost. An R.F. Sniffer made from an ordinary #49 pilot lamp and a few turns of wire will instantly indicate if there's RF in a tank circuit. Carefully, so you don't get near the high voltage, bring the sniffer close to the tank coil. If RF is present, lamp I1 will glow—no glow, no RF Sniffer u NEW is ce43 RF. Coil LI ran be any diameter from about one-half to one inch or greater. Use about 10 turns for 80 meters, 5 turns for 40 and 20 meters and 3 turns for 10 meters. BRET If you're tired of having your friendly new car dealer knock $100 or so off the trade-in allowance because you drill holes in the body for CB antennas, simply replace the existing auto radio antenna with @ cowl mount CB whip, install the CB Duplexer and no one will know you ever had a CB whip on the car. Cowlmounted CB whips generally are exact replacements for auto antennas. The Duplexer automatically con ects the antenna to either the car radio or CB rig. When transmitting on CB the series tuned circuit of C1-L1 passes the RF along to the antenna, while R1 blocks the RF from feeding through to the car radio. When receiving broadcast stations C1-L1 repre sents a high impedance, thereby blocking the signals from entering the CB rig where they would short-out. Instead, the broed cast signals pass through Ri to the car radio, Build the duplexer in a small metal en. BC-CB Duplexer ro car Ek Rh moo A370 \COWL-NOUNTED roc, PLE Get CB ANTENNA, TRANSCEIVER PARTS LIST FOR THE BC.CB DUPLEXER €1—20 pF trimmer capacitor LI—RF choke, Ohmite 2-144 or equiv. R1—5b0-chm, Va-watt resistor closure. Plugs PL1, PL2 and PL3 should match the existing jacks on the radio equip- ment, usually PL-259 for the CB set and a ‘Motorola-type for the AM or AM/FM auto radio. To adjust C1, connect an SWR meter between PL2 and the transceiver and ad just Cl for minimurn SWR. PASSIVE GIRGUIT Three components are all that's needed to make a VIVM measure RF voltage up to 200 MHz (depending on the diode used), The probe should be uuilt in a metal can with shielded wire for the connecting lead to the VIVM. Connect the shielded wire to RF Probe the metal can and selder if possible, The diode rectifies the RF voltage, while the capacity of the shielded cable provides fil- tering. The output of the probe is positive, with the VTVM indicating the peak value of the RF waveform. To determine the RMS BPARTS LIST FOR RF PROBE FOR ¥TVM C1--80-pF dise ca: DI—1N@ diode RI—20-megohm, Ya-watt resistor citer value, multiply the VIVM reading by 0.707. The maximum RF voltage that cen be ap- plied is limited by the diode. A INGO is limited to 30V peak RF voltage. For higher voltage-handling capacity, substitute a higher diode. voltage small signal detector PARTS LIST FOR THE RF FILTER Gl, G2, C3, C405 uF mylar capacitor, 150 YDC or be AI, L295 turns of #16 onar clesewound 2 © %sin. wood dowel epproximately & inches tong. PLIW2.wire A plug It's not uncommon for the RF output of a medium to high power transmitter to leak into the AC power lines, causing your sig- nal to be picked up by radio, TV and hi-fi sets. Actually, just about all transmitters from the 5 watt CB rigs to the Amateur's full-gallon can sock it to the power lines. Most often, it takes a brute-force filter to squash the interference. First, try the filter right at the transmitter; if it doesn't cure the problem you might have to place a filter at each radio, ete., which is picking you up. This filter must be constructed in a metal cabinet. The ground end of all capacitors 7 ALTERNATE GROUND,SEE TEXT [New should return to the electrical ground through a 3-wire plug. If this does not elim: inate the interference, lift the capacitors off the clectrical ground, connect them to the cabinet, and ground the cabinet sep- arately. Either way, the cabinet must be grounded—cirecty to a water ripe or through the electrical (third wire) ground. It's almost @ universal rule that two.way radios have a squelch control, a device that mutes the background noise until a JoRSCRIVER OAS 10. station is received. Even public service ourruT SPEAKER radios now include a squelch, so why put ie up with ear-janing noise when listening on . your SWL receiver. ‘ust a couple of #47 pilot lamps scrounged from old tube radios NEW ay) (Continued on page 65) 14i Rebroadcaster Wine ANTENNA NOT LONGER THAN IOFEE aupiO INPUT. NEW PARTS LIST FOR REBROADCASTER Cl, C4—0.05 uF dize cepeciter, 25 VBC or better 47 pF sliver mica cepacit VBE or better C3, C5—0.01 GF disc cepaciter, 25 VPC or belter Li_Oszilteter coil, Miller 2022 QI—NPH transister, HEP-720 M—£200-ohm, V-wett resistor, see text ‘T—Octput transformer, # chms to 1560 er 2500 ohms FROM CB SET EXTERNAL SPEAKER ‘ouTPUT cs F ‘iar tS 15000, ‘One way to keep an ear on the Amateur or Citizens band while working around the house or searing steaks ‘out on the patio, is to install a lot of remote speakers. An easier way is to feed the audio signal from your CB or amateur receiver into a broad- cast band Rebroadcaster and radiate the signals throughout the house and yard. A small transistor pocket radio tuned to the rebreadcaster frequency will alert you in: stantly if @ call is received on your com munications gear. Best of all. since the radio travels with you, you're never away from your receiver Build the rebroadcaster in a metal cabinet. The power supply can be @ transistor radio type 9 volt battery, though a line supply is preferred for more dependable continuous operation. The unit draws about 10 mA. Power input and antenna length are limited by FCC regulations. If the input current ex- ceeds 10 mA, increase the value of RI in 20% increments until the current is be- low 10 mA. The antenna wire cannot ex. ceed 10 feet. Adjust slug L1 so the re- broadcaster operates on an unused BC fre. quency. The audio input connects to the speaker or headphone output of your com munications equipment. Adjust the volume on the receive for = high, undistorted - transmission by the rebroadcaster. EH Motel Alarm Here's security for the traveller. Just con. nect this alarm to the doorknob of your [ae motel room and a loud buzzer will sound if anyone teuches the doorknob. Transistor 1sBI—6 volt battery, Burgess Z4 or BPI —fatulated binding port BUI—6 volt bemxer Ci, T2005 dise capacit better €2—50 pF silver mica capaciter, 500 yoo 425-250 pF trimmer 50.05 uF, 25 VOC C650 uF electrolytic capacitor, 25 VOC ‘or better D1, B2—Diode, INGO, HEP-135 D3—Diode, INII4, HEP-156 LiI5 oH adjustable RF coil (Miller 4205) PB1—Pushbutton switch (reset? Q1—2N3394 2—2N3391 RI—47,00 P2—10,000-ohm, Ya-watt resistor R3, RE—1000-ohm, Re—540-ohm, Y2-watt resistor RE—5600-chm, Va-waHt resistor S1—Switch, SPST (on-off) SGRI—Silicon Controlled Rectifier, Gen- eral Electric C6U (Listed in EDI Cotaleg? 71 25 YDG or circuit QI is an oscillator with a connection through binding post-BPI to the docrknob. As long as Ql oscillates, its rectified out- put is applied to Q2 which holds the SCR1 gate almost at ground potential. When someone touches the doorknob, hand ca- pacitance “‘kills"’ the oscillator, thereby re- moving that cut-off (holding) bias from the SCR1 gate; the SCR conducts and sounds alarm buzzer BUI, The alarm can only be turned off by opening reset switch PBL. The alarm should be assembled in a small metal cabinet with insulated binding post BP1 at the top. A small wire loop attached to BP1 secures the alarm to the doorknob —the alarm actually hangs on the knob. To adjust, carefully set C4 in small incre- ments until touching your finger to BP1. causes the buzzer to sound. If C4 is overadjusted, hand capacitance will not “kill” the oscillator, Best operation is ob- tained if the door is made of wood. F] Professional Burglar Alarm This professional type burglar alarm can be used to protect windows or glass areas by using window foil that breaks’ a circuit as the glass is broken, It's an alarm that is triggered when the protective circuit is opened. All protective door and window 16 circuits must be normally closed and series connected so that an opening of any protective device will trigger the alarm. Once the alarm is triggered it can be turned off only by opening master switch SL. The recommended power supplyNe, Door SWITCHES f circuit To PROTECTIVE —t Window FOIL an AC powered 6 VDC source or a lan tern battery; standby current is about 100 uA, To adjust, connect a voltmeter (10 VDC range) across resistor R1, open the protective circuit and adjust potentiometer R2 so the meter indicates a voltage rising towards 1 volt. The alarm bell should ring before 1 volt is reached on the meter. If it does not, there is a wiring error. Finally, set R2 for the 1 volt meter reading, remove the meter and restore the protective circuit. PARTS LIST FOR PROFESSIONAL BURGLAR ALARM C1—50 uF, 6 VDC electrolytic copacitor QI—NPN transistor, GE-20 or equiv. RI—100G-ohm, Y2 watt resistor R2—250,009-ohm potentiometer S1—SPST switch SCRI—Silicon controlled rectifier rated 12 PIV or higher (General El tle C108 series) W—6 VPC alarm bell {J Automatic AC-DC Power Supply PARTS LIST FOR AUTOMATIC AC-DC POWER SUPPLY BI—6V lantera bettery C1—100 wF, 16 YDC electrotytic capacitor DZ—Slicon rectifier rated 26 PIV at 1A or higher RYI—Relay, 6 VDE approximately 20 mA otter & Brumfield RS5D-6 er equiv.) T1126 volt conter-tapped floment transfarmer rated | A or higher. Both home-brew and battery operated burglar alarm kits are made fail-safe with this auto- matic AC power supply. Normally, power ay ie : ok i EL Tew | Poti Lt) awl} for the alarm comes from the line powered GVDC powe. scurce; this prevents circuit alarm systems and signal lights from pre- maturoly exhausting the battery. If the AC power line should fail for any reason, relay RYI releases to switch in standby battery BI. As soon as the power line is restored, RY1 pulls in and again disconnects the bat- tery. Relay RY1's contacts are shown in the power line off (battery on) position Ba Power Megaphone Just about any power transistor can be used in this megaphore. It's suitable for boats, / playing fields, etc. Transistors Ql and Q2 are the 2N3O1 type, generally available in “five-for-$1" experimenter kits Transistors Ql and Q2 are parallel-con 17nected to handle the’ required power and speaker matching. The microphone is a’car- bon type stich as @ telephone handset. If a regular carbon mike is used, the push-to- talk (PTT) switch can be connected in place “of SI to provide PTT operation. There's no yiarm-up or “capacitor charge” time, Bat- feries B1 and B2 are 6 V lantern types. ‘The unit should be aullt in 2 metal case “which can also serve asa transistor heat ink. Use insulators coated with silicon heat-sink grease between each transistor and the case. PARTS LIST FOR ‘EASY AUTO THEFT ALARM A’ Single.fender-mounted key switch is all that's needed to-turn your car's horn and courtesy lights into a burgiar or theft alarm! Simply install keyswitch S1-on. the fender, connect one terminal to the hora relay and. the other to the courtesy-light door'sivitch wiring, as. shown by the-dotted lines. When S1 is on; anyone entering a car door equipped with 2 courtesy-tignt switch will automatically sound the car's horn. The Sudden biast of the horn is usually enough Potentiometer Ri is adjusted: for maximum sound output consistent with lowest distor tion. PARTS LIST FOR FOWER MEGAFHONE BY, B2—6-¥ lantern battery Mi—Carbon microphone — 91, O2—HEP-230/252 pnp dransistor (Motorola RI—5000-chm. potentiometer Si—Spst switch SPKR—4-0hm speaker or horn To.cAR BATTERY c| dior. SMIicHES | lee 5 | {Bee rey Lene a Sy suey eu to frighten off-a potential burglar. If all the. car doors are not equipped with switches you can easily install them; switches are available from local auto supply stores. aor 1 i 1 £4 Photo Light © Hoavy direct current or DC power is easily controlled without the use of massive power switches and wiring by using 2 LASCR (light vactivated silicon controlled rectifier) as.an interface between the control and controlled circuits. The LASCR: is-similar to an SCR except that the gate is tripped by. light rather than voltage/current. 18 PARTS LisT FOR PHOTO LIGHT CONTROL H—Blashfight bulb or pilot lamp: (hee. text @1—Light-actlvatedkstlicon-contratted | __fectifier (LASGR, GE—see ext) | RI—47,000-ohm, Va-watt réAC OF DC, 10 1 POWER LANE RI The triplamp can be any ordinary flashlight bulb powered by twa D cells. When the lamp is turned on the LASCR gate is closed, causing current to flow through the load and the LASCR anode (a) cathode (c) cir- cuit. A suitable LASCR is one from GE's L8B series, Use one with the appropriate PIV rating. Inexpensive LASCRs are occasion: ally available from “‘surplus dealers’; though you must make certain the “sur. plus” unit has the required PIV rating, EJ] FM Wireless Mike Jyst speak or play into the microphone and yéu'll broadcast to an FM receiver at dis- tances up to 50 feet (maybe 100 feet if the wind is right). Use standard RF wiring pre- cautions and make coil LI exactly as shown. Best speech clarity is obtained by using a crystal or ceramic mike. For music repro- duction, substitute a dynamic mike ele- ment. The unit can be assembled on a perfboard using push-in terminals for tie pcints. The case must be metal to prevent hand capaci- tance from continuously changing the out put frequency. Pass the G-in. solid wit antenna through the metal case using @ ¥,-in, hole and a matching rubber grommet for an insulator. L DETAIL a2 PARTS LIST FOR FM WIRELESS MIKE BI—9-¥ bat as i BCBS Pele C2—20-uF. 3-¥DC etoctrolytic stement Gt. Ge cape transistor HEP 720 7.000-ohm, Ya-watt resistor 22—23,000-ohm, Vo-watt resistor R3—1500-0hm, Vs-watt revistor R4—3300-chm, '/2-watt resistor R5—100,000-chm, V2-watt resister RE—470-ohm, V2-watt resistor St—Spst switch TURNS TURNS. pais a ees vp] SOLID wine kev mic) ANT vat row WE NO. 18t Twang-A-Matic It seems no one cares for the sound of a plain, unadorned guitar. First they added fuzz, then big-boom bass, next it was re verberation and screaming highs. Now the in sound is twang, a guitar sound that more or less approximates a banjo or mando- lin. A Twang-A-Matic produces these un- usual sounds from an ordinary electric gui- tar by cutting the bass, severely distorting the midband and highs, and then amplify- ing the distortion. It might read “bad” to you, but it sure sounds good! You can assemble the Twang-A-Matic in any type of cabinet. Switch Si cuts the effect in and out while switch S2 turns the unit ‘on and off. Output control R7 should be set so the Twang-A-Matic has the same volume level as the straight guitar feed. through. Various degrees of twang is ob- tained by varying the output so the guitar pickups with the level controls built into the guitar. PARTS LIST FOR TWANG-A-MATIC BI—9 volt bottery Eveready 245 or equiv) + ©1—0.001 uF dise capacitor 15 VDC or better €2—2 uF electrolytic capacitor, 15 VOC ‘or better C3—1 UF electrotytic capacit or better C4—0.005 uF disc capacitor, 15 VDC or better JN, J2—Phone jack @1, QI—NPN transistor, 22394 RI, REI megohm, Y2-wott resistor R2—10,000, Vs-watt resistor R3—20,000-ohm, Ya-watt resistor, § percent R—Itachm, Vs.watt resistor RE—A700-ohm, Yi-watt © R7—50,000-ohm audio teper potentiometer SI—Switch, SPDT (twang in-out) S2—Switeh SPST ( 15 VDC ee. Joureut Ly Speak-A-Mike Preamp PARTS LIST FOR SPEAK-A-MIKE PREAMP BI—9-¥ battery Cl—é-uF, 25-VDC electrolytic capacitor €2—0.47-uF, 10-VDE capacitor Q1—GE-2 pnp transistor | R1—270,000-chm, Va-watt resistor R2—27,000-ohm, V1-watt resistor Si—Spst switch SPKR—Any PM speaker, 4-10-chms A speaker can often serve as a micrgohone in intercoms, “one-way telephones" or as an emergency microphone. All the speaker needs is amplification to raise ‘‘voice pow- er” output to normal mike level A small speaker-mike preamp can easily be thrown together with junk box parts and just about any general purpose transistor with a beta of 30 to about 150. While anpnp transistor is shown, an npn type can be substituted if the battery and Cl's po: larity are reversed. No other changes are needed. Ql is a. common base amplifier providing 2 Tow impedance input to match a low im- pedance speaker of 3.2, 4, 6-8, or 16 ohms. The collector output is medium impedance and the .47 uf capacitor at C2 allows the preamp to work into loads of 7000 ahms or higher. ot GE-2 [9 Power Failure Alarm Never fear again that a power failure will krock out your electric alarm clock. The in- stant the juice fails, the Power Failure Alarm's raucous buzz let's you know about it, ever in the wee hours of the morning To keep current consumption (and oper- ating costs) at rock bottom, a very sensitive relay is used for KI. As long as AC power Is supplied, Kl is activated and the buzzer contacts are held open. When power fails, K1's contact springs back, completing the battery connection to the buzzer. urvac cr PARTS LIST FOR POWER FAILURE ALARM B1—6V dry-coll battery C1—25-uF, 150-YDC capa: DI—IN4003 silicon diode K1—3000-8000 ohm sentitive relay colt (see text) R1—10,000-ohm, Y2-watt resistor 1—6-YBC commercial home buxzer K1 is a ‘model radio-control”” type relay with a pull-in current of approx. 3 mA. Buzzer = svoc i BCB Mini Booster Here's a low cost project that can pack @ lot of extra sensitivity into a ordinary tran. sistor pocket radio. You'll be. able to do some extensive broadcast band DX'ing with that pocket portable the bank gave you when you opened an account. Assemble the unit in a small plastic cabinet with coil L cemented to the side or back of the cabi- net; use an adhesive such as General Elec. tric’s RTV. Connect upwards of 10 feet 80 antenna wire to the input, and position the Mini-Booster flat against the pocket radio with L1 directly behind the lopstick an: tenna built into the radio, Tune capacitor 21C2 to the approximate frequency you want to receive, then turn on the -radio and listen to the signals boom in. Keep in mind that the receiver's normal AVC action will PARTS LIST FOR THE-BCD MINI BOOSTER BI—15 volt pealight AA battory C1—0.008 oF dise capacitor, 25 YDC or better C2—365 pF miniature tuning capecit: with dial 30.05 uF dise capacitor, 25 VDC or better Li—ferrite loop antenna (Radio Shack 270-1430) QI—NPN transistor, HEP-641 SPST (on-off) mask any boost applied to strong signals. hE Probe Calibrator One of the hallmarks of a professional lab- oratory oscilloscope is tho combination precision voitage and test probe calibra. tor. While the voltage calibrator is self ox planatory, the prove calibrator is not. Ca- pacitive divider probes which are used for PARTS LIST FOR PROBE CALIBRATOR BPI, BP2—Binding posts, sec text Cl, C2—0.01 uF disc capacitor, 25 VDC or better €39.1 uF mylar copacitor. 25 VE or better QI. 62. Q3—NPH transistor, 2N3291 RI, R4—33,000-0hm, '2-watt resist RZ, M3, RS—100,000-ohm, V/s-wott resistor RS—560.oh-n. r.watt resistor RT, R9—1000-ohm, 2-watt resistor RE—2020-c11m potentiometer ZDI—Zener died”, 6 volts, 1 watt (Radio Shock 27% S41, HEP-103 or equiv) 22 049 TOF VOC BPL @ SQUARE SOUAE high frequency observations must have the small internal trimmer properly adjusted if the probe is not to attenuate or peak the higher frequencies. The probe is calibrated by feeding in a precise square wave and then adjusting the trimmer capacitor in the probe for optimum square display. The Lab Calibrator is the same type device as you'll find in the most expensive scopes. It provides a precise 5 Volt peak-to-peak square waveform of approximately 1000 Hz. To calibrate the probe and scope, you first adjust the probe's capacitor for opti mum square waveform, then adjust the scope’s vertical calibrator for the proper 5 volt peak-to-peak display. The power sup- ply can be any filtered DC voltage from 9 to 12 volts. Binding post BPI is insulated, BP2 can be connected to the metal en- closure. If aplastic enclosure is used, make certain BP2 is connected to the cir- cuit ground. Adjust RB for 5 volt peak-to- peak output.14 | Powerhouse Larynx Though the design is simple and easy to build, this one-transistor loudhailer puts out a powerhouse shout. The circuit, exceot for the mike, can be mounted in a metal cabinet with a paging horn or trumpet speaker mounted on top. Transistor Ql must be provided with a heat sink, which may be the cabinet itself, Take care, however, that Ql’s case—the collec- tor—is insulated from the cabinet with hardware provided in a power transistor mounting kit. The microphone can be a surplus carbon type or telepk.ne transmitter element. ‘The entire unit can be assembled inside a speaker-trumpet if care is taken to acousti- mic PARTS LIST FOR POWERHOUSE LARYNX BI—4.VDC battery, lantern type or four | "alkaline cotls in series | MI¢—Carbon microphone Q1—Motorote HEP-232 pnp transistor RI—270-ohm, Vs R2—I ohm, dewer SPKR—B-ohm speaker $I—Nermaly-apen pusnaetion switch TI=8 to 2H-ohm, Sewatt audio output transformor—Letayette 33.57011 impedance, _hern-type cally isolate the microphone from the speaker to prevent howling feedback. Note carefully that transformer Tl must be rated for at least 5 watts. Do not use a istor transformer. “i Modulated 100 kHz = Tv If the part of the ‘short wave band you like to monitor is so jammed with signals you Calibrator can't find the markers from a standard 100 kHz calibrator, this modulated calibra. 23tor is the next best thing to a frequency meter, Just turn on the modulator with switch Sl nd each marker will turst into a raucous growl that will stand out in any mass of heterodynes. Once you have the marker tuned in you cen turn cff the mod. ulator for precise frequency alignment. The unit can be zero-beat to WWV by adjust. ing trimmer capacitor C4. For optimum per- formance the unit should be assembled in a metal enclosure with every part firmly tied down to terminal strips or perf-board. Nor.nally, 2 clip lead attached to output inding post Pl will radiate a healthy sig- nal into the receiver. If the signal is too weak at the higher frequencies simply con- nect the clip lead between binding post PL and the reciever's antenna terminal, To adjust coil LI, temporarily connect a 0-10 mA DC meter between battery 82's positive terminal and ground. Using an insulated alignment screwdriver, adjust slug Ll for a peak meter indication of approximately 1,5 mA. Then remove the meter and re- connect the normal ground connection. FARTS LIST FOR MODULATED 100 KHZ CALIBRATOR 1—1.5 volt AA battery 82—9 volt battery type 2U6 C101 uF, 25 VDE copaeltor €2, C5—0.05 uF, 500 VDC cera eapacitor ©3750 pF. 500 VDC silver mica capacitor ‘C4—180 pF trimmer capacitor Di—Germanium diode, 1N6O U—2-18 mH width coll (J. W, Miller 6314) Pi—Insulated 5.way binding post 91, Q2—PNF transistor, 2N217 or 2N1357 RI—35,000-ohm, ¥2 watt resistor R2—100,000-ohm, V2 watt resistor R3—680-ohm, Va watt resister ST, $2—$PST switch Ti—Tronsistor output transformer (Lefayette Radio TR-119) 2100 kHz erystat {9 Budget CPO PARTS LIST FOR BUDGET Cro Ba sy battery CI—0.02-uF, 10-¥DC capacitor €2—0.22-uF, 10-VDC capacitor £1—2000-ohm magnetic carphone t QI—HEP-541 npn transistor (Movorole) R—2700-ohm, 2-watt resistor R2—1500-ohm, 'a.watt resistor R3—27,000.ohm, Va-walt resistor | R4—50,000-ohm potontionetor Components you -have lying about might make this simple, budget CPO (code prec: tice oscillator). Using component vaiues given, the tone frequency is approximately 800 Hz, it can be changed by substituting different values for C1 and C2, but main: tain the same capacity ratio. That is, C2 should always be about 10 times larger a HEP-641 than C1. Battery current drain is only about 1 milliampere. iyd Fish Caller Click-click might not sound like much to you but to a fish it's the dinner bell. That's the lure of this electronic circuit. Shove the whole works in a watertight container, low. er it over the side, and wait for the fish to 24 hit the hooks. For proper operation Tl must be subminia ture type about half as large as your thumb. E1 must be a crystal headphone (supplied with some transistor radios)PARTS LIST FOR FISH CALLE BI, B2—1,5-V AAA battery G1, G—S0-u8, 75-¥DC electrolyte capacitor £1—Erystal earpho: Gi—Matorola HEt-230 pap transistor By zsto-ohm potentiometer R2—27,000-onm, Ye-watt resistor Stagpet switch, port of Rt TiCScbminietuce transistor output framsformer: S0D-ahm center tapped rimary fo ‘fayette Radio r Open Circuit Burglar Alarm To no PROTECTIVE cinculT This simple electronic latch-up alarm circuit handles normally open protective devices such as concealed floor-mat switches. All protective devices are connected in parallel PARTS LIST FOR OPEN CIRCUIT SURGLAR ALARM C1—S0 uF, 6 VDE electrolytic éapaciter RI—4700-ohm, Va watt resistor R2—1000-chm, 2 wat? resistor SI—SPST switch SCRISillcon 12 Pi and the alarm is tripped as soon as any of the devices are closed. There is no standby current and a battery power source will last its shelf life. Either 2 line powered 6VDC supply or 2 6Y lantern battery is sue- gested. Once the alarm is tripped it can only be turned off by opening the master switch SI. 0) Stop Motion mic MINI AMP MODULE, No PARTS LIST FOR STOP MOTION ~ DI—Motorola HEP-154 50-PIY silicon rec- ther MI¢—Ceramie mie RI—5000-ohm potentiometer R2—2700-ohm, Ya-watt resistor SCRI—GE C1O6G silicon-controind rec- —?+ To strope LishT’ —e— SYNC JACK You, too, can take strobe-flash pictures the instant a pin pricks a balloon, a hammer breaks a lamp bulb or a bullet leaves a gun. You'll need a mini-amp—one of those trn- sistor amplifier modules of 1-watt rating or less. It must have an output transformer Don’t use ar “OTL” (no transformer) ampli ris terminated with a re- 25sistor on its highest output impedance, pre ferably 16 ohms, Make certain the connec- tions to the strobe flash sync terminals are correctly polarized Darken the room lights, open the camera shutter and break a lamp bulb with a ham- mer, The sound of the hemmer striking the lamp will trigger the flash, and the picture will have been taken at that instant. bt) Electronic Combo Lock Install an electronic combination lock on your car's dashboard and a thief would have a better chance playing Russian roul- ete. Switches $1 through S5 are spdt rather than spst only to keep all external sivitch markings the same. It would be a dead giveaway if two keying notches or lettering were reversed Tracing the circuit will show that only if switches S2 and S4 are down is the siren disabled. The siren sounds it any other switch is down or if S2 or S4 is up when the ignition is turned on. A simple wiring change lets you set any combination. The switches can be “sporty” auto acces- sory switches sold individually or in switch banks. Provide labels such as “Carburetor Heater,"" "Window Washer,” etc. and no- one will know the car is wired for “sound.” +ravoc FROM IGNITION SYSTEN WHEN On +12v0C To SIREN 21 | Stereo Balancer Mi Lert aMe { uo ——_— It looks ridiculously simple. but this instru: ment will give you precise volume and tone control balance between left and right ste- reo amplifiers. For maximum convenience, the meter is a zero-center type. Resistors should be at least five percent and the diodes a matched pair. Note that the leed for each side that goes direcily to the meter is connected, between the junctions of D1/R1 and D2/ R3. Optimum stereo level and phase balance oc- curs for matched speakers when the meter indicates '‘0". If the meter indicates either side of zero, the levels are not matched or the wires are incorrectly phased. Check in- correct phasing by making certain the me- 26 RIGHT AMP GND ter leads are connected to the amplifier “hot’" terminals, An ordinary 0-1 mA DC meter can be sub- stituted, You adjust for zero reading, but keep in mind that the meter pointer can be driven in the reverse direction off-scale Use only as much amplifier cower as nec essary for a visible meter indication. Those paraliet wires on the schematic diagram show circuit symmetry. Only one wire is, of tually necessary. PARTS LIST FOR STEREO BALANCER 91, D2—IN914 diode MI—1-0-1 mA DE meter, zero center RI, RI—560-ohm, Y2-watt resistor, 5%PY] “Serutan” Crystal Rig That old favorite, the crystal radio, becomes more than just a, weak voice buried in the headphone when it’s amplified with a “junk box"” amplifier Transistor Q1 can be just about any general purpose pnp germanium type such as the 2N107, 2N109, etc, The SK3003 specified gives a little extra gain. LI is any ferrite antenna coil for the broad- cast band, while El must be a magnetic headset for maximum output level. To align the receiver, set C1's dial to the known frequency of a strong local station and ad- PARTS LIST FOR “SERUTAN” CRYSTAL RIG 21—9-¥ botiery C1—365-pF tuning capacitor €2—0.2-uF, 10-VDC capeeitor Di—1Neo E}—1000-3000-chm impedance magnetic ‘earphone Li—Ferrite antenna coil {Loopstick) I—SK3003 (RCA); HEP.260 (Motorola) 9,000-ohr, Ye-watt resistor To RECORDER SPEAKER. ouTPuT an Soundless slide shows are cull, dull, dull! But a stereo recorder can automate the whole show so slides change automatically in step with the commentary. Record your commentary on the left track. At the instant you want slides to change, record a one-seccnd noise or tone burst on the right track. Connect the programmer between the recorder’s right speaker output and the projector's remote control cable. Make a test run to determine the right-track. volume setting to make noise or tone bursts activate relay K1. No fancy tone generators, needed here, Just give a hearty Bronx cheer into the mike of the left channel only! just L1's slug until you hear the station in the phones. For reception of weaker signals the receiver should be connected to an earth ground such as the cold water pipe. The longer the antenna, the better the reception. Try 20 feet or more To feed the radio's output into an amplifier and speaker, replace the headphone with a 1000-0hm ¥-watt resistor. Connect a .1 mid, 25VDC capacitor from Q1's collector plifier input. Then be sure to con- ’s ground to the amplifier ground, 1 + ——010 PROJECTOR CONTROL, pz KI Then start the tape from the beginning. The audience will hear your comemtary or spectacular music-and-sound reproduction through a speaker connected to the record- er’s left channel, while the signal on the right channel automatically changes the slides. PARTS LIST FOR SLIDE SYNCHRONIZER C1~-25-uF, $0-VDC electrolytic copacitor Di, D2—Motorola HEP-156 K1—2500-ohm coil plate-type relay T1—5000-chm CT audio eutput transformer 27pry FM Interference F. PARTS LIST FOR THE INTERFERENCE FILTER C1, C2—30 pF trimmer capacitor Mite—300-ohm twinlead, motel cabinet RFC1, RFC2—0.22 uH RF choke, any type S1—DPST slide switeh A simple filter is all it takes to remove a strong, locai FM signal that is blocking or cross modulating other FM stations. The filter connects in sories with the FM an tenna’s downlead. Just be sure to use the shortest possible length between the filter's output and the receiver. The filter must be assembled in a metal cabinet with Y4-in. access holes so you can adjust the trim. mer tuning capacitors. The metel cabinet is grounded to the receiver's chassis. Switch SI by-passes the filter for normal oper: ilter RFC) ct Siow 70. 300 OHM : 70 ANTENNA TWIN LEAD Sin} RECEIVER : \ ce vERy SHORT RFC tion. If your antenna's dovmnlead is coaxial cable, only one filter is installed—in series with the center (hot) conductor. To adjust, tune in the offending station and use an insulated alignment screwdriver to adjust trimmer capacitors C1 and C2 for mir signal strength bo Simple IF Signal Generator ourur Using 2 455-kHz crystal, this generator provides a signal for testing and aligning radio IF circuits. The unit is built on a pert board or ome other rigid mounting to achieve good circuit stability. A metal cab net reduces radiation so the signal fed to the receiver will be primarily determined by level control R2 To align the completed circuit, adjust L1's PARTS LIST FOR SIMPLE IF SIGNAL GENERATOR €i—0.05uF, 25-¥0C capacitor C2—50-pF silver mica capacitor €3_15-pF silver mica capacitor us. mH RF coll (JW. Miller 21A473RB1) QI—GE-E npn transistor R1—330,000-ohm, Y2-watt resistor R2—5000-ohm, potentiometer XTL—AS5-kHz erystal slug for maximum S-meter reading in a receiver or connect R2 to an oscilloscope and adjust L1 for maximum output. Turn the power supply on and off several times to make certain the oscillator starts consistently. If the oscillator fails to start every time, adjust Li's slug slightly unti you obtain immediate and consistent start ing each time the power is applied Pa Enlarger Meter Every print a_good print! That's what you get with the Enlarger Meter. Meter Ml can be just about anything up to 28 0:1 DC mA. Bul ii you prefer tow light lev els and long exposures, install a sensitive meter of 500 uA or less‘When light ffom the enlarger falls on the solar cell (PC1), a voltage is generated that is in proportion to the amuunt of light. Sen- sitivity control R1 allows the user to set the meter indication to a convenient value, To use the meter, first make a goed normal print in your normal manner trom a No. 2 or No. 3 negative. Then, do not disturb the enlarger setting, but integrate the light by placing a diffusing disc or opal glass under the lens, Place the solar cell on the easel PARTS LIST FOR ENLARGER METER MI—100, 250, or 500-mA DC meter PC1—Solar cell (Radio Shack 276-115) R1—5000-ohm potentiometer linear toper and adjust R1 for a convenient meter read- ing, say, full scale. The meter is now cali- brated. When using it, focus tho enlarger, use the diffuser, and adjust the lens dia- phragm until you get the reference meter reading. Then use the exposure time pre- viously found for the calibration print. Sug gested reading: Ilford Manual of Photog raphy, obtainable from any photo store. Also, check Kodak publications available at the same place. S S 27] Voltage Tr Se When you need high voltage but don't have a power transformer, a voltage tripler may work. It provides DC output approximately three times higher than the line voltage. C1 is approximately 8 to 20 uf at 150VDC, and C2 and C3 should be a minimum of urvac] ) Just a handful of components are needed for a line-powered lo:"-vollaze low-current supply for powering audio preamplifiers, ipler UPDATED 100 uF at 300VDC. The larger the value for C2 and C3, the beter the filtering On the negative half-cycle, C1 charges through diode D2, while C3 charges through D1. On the positive-half cycle, Ci's charge, plus the line voltage, charges C2 through D3. The output is the voltage across C2, which is the line voltage plus the charge from C1, plus the added voltage of C3. The total is almost three times the line voltage. PARTS ust FoR vo.Tace Tamer | C1—16-0F, 150-VDE electreyte tor C2, C3—140-uF, 300-VDC electrolytic capacitor DI, D2, D3—IN4007 oc 9 OUTPUT The values for different voltage end current outputs are given in the Parts List. Pick the set you need and wire up. 29PARTS LIST FOR LOW. PLE SUPPLY FOR Output ¥_Imex* a 2 1 mA ‘ohm, Va-walt 260-eR, 15-VDC os BmA ‘ohm, Vawatt 250-uF, 15-VDC 25 2 mA ohm, Va-watt 250uF, 30-VDG _180,000-ohm, ‘2 ‘*Rer lower current, decrease value of RZ D1 and D2 are silicon rectifiers rated at a minimum of 200 PIV at any current. 29) Low-V Remote Control Using ordinary bell wire you can safely con- trol a remote 117 VAC power source. Secret behind it all is a unique hysteresis relay, K1. Normally, K1's coil represants a high impedance; no current flows through the cots Ur vaC | I u7vac To | contRotteo | EQUIPMENT oh | BELL WIRE coil so the relay contacts stay open. When $1 closes the loop on the hysteresis coil, the impedance of the main coil urops. Cur- rent flows and the contacts close When $1 is open, the voltage across its terminals from the hysteresis coil is ap- proximately 30V. When S1 is closed, cur- rent through the hysteresis loop is almost unmeasurable, It’s sefe enough for ordin- ary bell wire to do the controlling. PARTS LIST FOR LOW-VOLTAGE REMOTE CONTROL Ki—Hysteresis relay (Alco) S1—Spst switch Mise.—Bell wi 130) Voltage Doubler o Ac INDUT VOLTAGE Oc ouTPUT VOLTAGE Found in many CB transceivers, the full: wave voltage doubler provides rea onably good regulation with DC output voltage twice the AC input. Capacitors C1 and C2 should be a minimum of 100 uF and rated at twice the DC output voltage. The larger the capacity, the greater will be the filter- ing. On the positive half-cycle. Cl is charged through silicon diode D1. On the negative half-cycle, C2 is charged through D2. The DC output voltage is the sum of the charge across Cl and C2. PARTS LIST FOR VOLTAGE DOUBLER C1, C2—100-uF electrolytic capacitor or larger, WYDC should be twice DE out- put voltage DI, 02—500-milliampere (or larger) ree- dying dinde rated PIV ot least twice DC outpst voltage Ell Supply for SS Projects Though the transformer isn’t center-tapped in this circuit, the bridge rectifier provides 30 tull-wave rectitication wi DC output. It forms = th an easy-to-filter handy supply foroureuT VOLTAGE lirvac ai solid-state projects. Silicon rectifiers D1 through D4 must have The output voitage is equal to the secon. a PIV rating equal to at least the DC output dary voltage multiplied by 1.4. Or, working voltage. Their current rating must at least backwards, the secondary voltage must be equal the current requirements of the proj- 0.707 times the desired output voltage. ect being powered by the supply. PARTS LIST FOR POWER SUPPLY FOR SS PROJECTS €1—2500-uF electrolytic capa: age rating af least 1.5 times higher than output veltag D1, 02, D3, DI—1A, 200-PIY ary, s96- trad outs wv Providing 9 volts at approximately 250 mA, Parts List FoR this lab-type power supply will handle many experimenter projects. Actually, T1 can be a 6.3-V imported filament transformer since they usually give approximately 12 V peak at less than 500 mA output. Change the Zener diode to 12 or 6 volts (and possibly the value of R1) and you get a regulated 12. or 6-volt supply. For 12 volts you must use a 12-¥ filament transformer. Filtering is very good since the electrical filter capaci tor equals the value of C2 times the gain of QL. It can edd up to thousands of uF REGULATED 9-V POWER SUPPLY ©1—S00-uF, 25-YDC electrolytic capec- itor C2—-1D0-F, I5-YDE electrolytic copec- DI—Mot HEP-175 50-PIV. diode bridge rectifier HEP-104, 9.1-Y Zener diode HEP-240, T0-watt npn ter RI—540.chm, Vs-watt resistor TI—12-V filament transformer (see text) Ex] Car Voltage for Q Radios When your auto radio poops out, this regu: lated voltage adapter keeps you in music froma transistor portable until you're ready to climb under the dash to get at the trou: ble and fix it. Power is taken from the 12-volt auto bat. tery through a cigar lighter plug. The zener diode can be anything with an approximate 31Pui l2voc +! PARTS LIST FOR CAR VOLTAGE FOR 9 RADIO €1—0.05-uF, 400-VDC capacitor DI—1.watt, 9.1-V Zener diode—HEP-104 PLI—Cigaretie lighter plug RI—150-chm, Va-watt resistor rating of 9 volts. For example, you can use RI ——>+ ‘1 9YI2 mA a 9.1-volt unit (common in Zener kits), or even one rated at 8.6 volts. Make certain the Zener is correctly installed; the end marked with a band is the cathode. The adapter is rated for a current of 12 MA maximum. A good rule of thumb is that a radio powered by a Burgoss type 2U6 battery can safely operate on the adapter. 34 Zener Regulator When the output from an AC power supply is too high for a solid-state project, chop it down to size with a zener diode voltage reg. ulator and keep it on the button. To calculate R, first add the load current and 1/20 of the load current for the zen- er's idling current. Then use Ohm's Law (R=E/I) to calculate R. The resistor's power rating should be twice the calculated power dissipated by R. The power rating for the zener diode is de- termined by the voltage across the diode squared, divided by diode's nominal inter. nal resistance, You can calculate the inter- nal resistence by working backwards from the zener's power rating. As an example: a 9-volt, L-watt zener would have a nominal internal resistance of R=E*/W, 81/2, oF 81 ohms. it's not precisely accurate but close enough. (No parts list) Fu (SEE TEXT) Oe + hick Low o¢ our oc IN oO 9 (ZENER) EQ] Carbon Mike Converter Good pitching beats good hitting—end a good magnetic mike beats a good carbon mike. This one:transistor carbon micro- phone converter takes a carbon mike input and converts it to the magnetic variety. Note that no ground connection is used, even if the circuit is built in a metal cabi. net, MIC is a replacement:type magnetic element that is substituted for the original carbon element. Using. miniature compon- = TO ORIGINAL CARBON MICROPHONE ——e CONNECTIONents the entire converter amplifier can also be housed in the original microphone case. To avoid destruction of Ql. the unit must be connected properly the first time. The +" lead, which goes to Qi's collector, connects to the caroon mike input that supplies a positive voltage. PARTS LIST FOR CARBON MIKE CONVERTER C1—10-uF, 10-VDC electrolytic capaci MIC—Microphone magnetic replacement element 91 —2N3354 npn tronsistor RI—2200-chm, Va-walt resistor R2—6800-ohm, V2-watt resistor | R3—240-ohm, Va-watt resistor EY Dry-Cell Charger This circuit in a fancy commercial package will cost you about $5. Build a lamp bulb le Fal 7: ens vac 1 FUP TO. ip FOUR ISV, BATTERIES charger yourself and 50¢ may just about doit The lamp maintains constant charging of approximately 20 mA through one to four 1.5-volt-pattefles. But you cn go as high as 22.s:yoite'aor either batteries in series ora single battery. Give small penlight batteries about 10 PARTS LIST FOR DRY-CELL BATTERY CHARGER N—No. 3-6 é-wott candelabra tamp SRI—200-PIY, 1A silicon rectifier—Redio Shack 276-1102 hours charge, the C and D cells about 20 hours. Yes, you can recharge NiCads stamped with 2 charge rate of approxi mately 20 to 25 mA. Eyd Sideband Scrambler MODULATION wNPUT Feed audio modulation to one input, a car rier to another and tha output of this side. band generator will be upper and lower ideband with supresge¥ carrier, Where is CARRIER INFUT DOUBLE SIDEBAND oureuT it used? Try a sideband rig or a telephone speech scrambler. Work the scrambled signal info the modulation input to un cramble your speech scrambler output. Ey] 100-kHz Freq. Standard Few shortwave receivers below the deluve class have really accurate dial calibration, But with a 100-kHz frequency standard you'll know with great precision where themetal cabinet, a short antenne approxi- mately 12-in. long should be connected to Ql's collector through a 50-pF capaciter. In some instances the antenna will have to be connected to the receiver an- tenna terminal PARTS LIST FOR 100-kH FREQUENCY STANDARD BI, B2—1.5-V AAA bottery CI0.01-0F, 10- C2—200.pF VDC copacitor Li—Coil, 2.18 mH QI—HEP-641 npn transistor (Motorola? RI—T50,000-0hm, Y2-watt resistor RFC—2.5 mH RF choke Si—Spet rwiteh XTAL—100-kHz erystal Wiring is not critical and almost any layout will work. If the oscillator doesn’t start, change R2's value by approximately 20% until you get consistent oscillator operation, If you want to zero beat the crystal against station WW, install a 50-pF trimmer in se- ries or in parallel with tho crystal. Use whichever connection works since the spe- cific crystal type determines the series or paralle! connection. Ex) Headset Q-Peaker If you're tired of copying CW signals through the grind without a Q-multiplier on your receiver, the 29¢ Headset Q-Peaker is RI RECEIVER SPEAKER, ouTPUT TERMINALS the next best answer. It's the cheapest route to greater selectivity. Capacitor C1 plus the Inductance of a mag, netic headset form a parallel resonant cir- cuit at approximately 1 kHz, All other sig- nals are sharply attenuated so you hear mainly the signal you want, Resistor Ri | PARTS LIST FOR HEADSET Q-PEAKER | C1—0.005..05 uF capacitor (see text) | £1—2600-ohm megnetic headset | RY—190,000-0hm, Vs-walt resistor isolates the resonant circuit to prevent a receiver's low output impedance from re- ducing the “Q” of the headset circuit The exact value of C1 depends on the par: ticular headset. Try different values in the range shown until the desired resonant fre: quency or peaking action is obtained EY Audio Signal Tracer PARTS LIST FOR AUDIO SIGNAL TRACER G1—.01-uF, 400-YDC capacitor CI—100-uF, 6-VDC electrolytic capacitor C3—250-ue, $0-VEC electrolytic capa: 4, Co C5—200-uF, 6-VDC capacitor Q1—Motorola MPF-103 FET transistor 94—-2N2203 npn transistor 93—40452 npn transistor af, 25-VDC electrolytic capaciter RI—2-megohm potentiometer R2—33,000-ohm, V2-watt resistor R3, R7—2200-ohm, 2-watt resistor R4, R 10—4700-ohm, Vs-watt resistor RS_68,000-ohm, V/s-watt resistor Rbé—22,000-ohm, V-watt resistor R3—18-ohm, V2-watt resistor R9—1000-ohm, 'Va-watt resistor 34Got servicing problems on audio equipment? Then sniff them out quickly with an audio signal tracer. This tracer has enough gain to fill headphones with a thundering roar on the output from a microphone or magnetic ¢| INPUT pickup. Substitute @ VU meter for the head- phones and you can make relative level mea- surements starting at the pickup through the power amplifier o+24v0C TO METER OR PHONES —— Co Easy Radio Control st weut FROM cB SET EXTERNAL, ‘SPEAKER PARTS LIST FOR EASY RADIO CONTROL BI—6 volt lantern battery C1—10uF electrolytic capacito or better 2, C3—100 uF electrolytic copecit 15 VDC or better Di—Germenium di such as HEP-135 1. Q2—NPN transistor, 2N33%4 RI—10,000-ohm potentiometer R2—220,000-ohm, V/2-watt resistor R3—10,000-ohm, Y:-watt resistor hm, Vs-watt resister 6 volt relay, Potter and Brumfield RS5D-6 oF equiv. 15 voc , INEO oF equiv. FYL CONTROLLED ciRcUIT kit Just a CB walkie-talkie and this radio con. trol unit is all it takes to remote start 2 tape recorder, trip a concealed camera, sound an alarm, or, well, do just about any- thing that has to be done -over relatively long, wireless contro! distances. The radio control senses the audio output of ine walkie-T, causing relay Ryl to close. |/i0se Ry! contéts operate the tape recoider camera tripper, etc. Audio output from a walkie-talkie, such as is available at the remote speaker outpu: is connected across sensitivity control R1 When the walkie-talkie receives 2 modulat ed, sustained signal such as the sound “ab-hetvh,”” relay Ryl closes and remains closed as long as the sound is swstained. aThe unit should be assembled in a metal cabinet. Adjust sensitivity control RI slight: ly higher than needed for dependable trig- gering by the received sound. [¥] Field Strength Meter ANT RFC A kilowatt transmitter may pitt HIB mbedle of regular FSMs (field sirength meters), but you need high sensitivity to get reagings from low-power oscillators, fles power trans. mitters and CB walkie-talkies. This simple, amplified FSM has a sensitivity of 150 to 300 times that of ordinary models. It in dicates full scale when other meters can't budge off the pin. Dependable frequency range is approxi- mately 3 to 30 MHz. A metal enclosure is recommended, with a stiff wire antenna about & in. long. For compactness, RFC should be a miniature 2.5-mH choke. To operate the unit, sensitivity control R1 is adjusted for 4 to %-scale reading. Avoid working too close to the top of the PARTS LIST FOR FIELD STRENGTH METER —1.5-¥ AA battery CI—0.001-uF, 100-VDC capacitor DI—IN6O diode MI—0-1 mA DC moter Q1—npn transistor—HEP-726 RI—50.000-ohm potentiometer RFC—2.5-mH choke—J. W. Miller 6302 scale, since it can saturate transistor Ql, producing full-scale readings at all times Back off on RI as you make transmitter adjustments to keep the needie at approxi mately half scale. Any high-gain npn small signal transistor can be substituted tor QL FE] No Parts BC Booster Just about any transister radio can he made a “DX hound” with ihe No Parts BC Booster. Simply bring in the end of an out door “‘longwire” antenna and wrap the end around the radio about 5 times. Eveg bet. ter reception is possible if you ope the radio and wrap about 5 turns around the -4od antenna immediately adjacent to the antenna coil mounted on the rod. Make certain the ends of the antenna are insu lated with glass or ceramic insulators. 25 T0100 FT [Ef] 3-way Tone Generator Add a terminal or two and an ordinary CPO (code practice oscillator) becomes a three. 36 way threat, serving as a CPO, tone gever ator or intruder alarmThe circuit is a Harley oscillator whose tone is determined by R2's value. Just about any wiring or layout wii. work, but transformer T1 must be the type used in table radios. A miniature transistor trans- former might nat oscillate, or if it does, will produce only ‘‘clean” high tones, with no raucous or low frequency tones. For CPO operation connect a hand key across points C and D. For-a “make” in- truder alarm, connect one or more normally open magnetic switches across points C and D. For a “break” intruder alarm connect a CLOSE cIRCUIT ‘ALARM jumper across C and D and connect a series wire circuit across A and B, which disables illator though power is applied. An intruder breaking the series circuit, or a normally closed magnetic switch, causes the alarm to sound off. C1, C2—9.02-eF, 26-vDC transister, HEP. eltor Va-watt resistor Ti—Ontput transformer: 5008-chm, eve- tertapped primary te 2.2-08m see- andery (aust set be minietare tren. JUMPER rc $ a ove For use as a signal generator, connect C and D and attach a shielded test signal lead directly across the speaker terminals. Service Note: if the unit fails to oscillate, generally due to transistor differences, change C2's value slight Cy Electronic Keyer is not the equal of a $50 electronic reer, but it's a lot easier to use than an PADOLE ordinary hand key. When the paddle terminal connects to the 37dot terminal, C1 starts to charge. When C1's voltage causes Q) to conduct, collec- tor current pulls in relay K1, thereby keying the transmitter. When K1 grounds the pad- ule terminal, C1 discharges, causing Q1 to ‘stop conducting and dropping out the relay. When K1's paddle connection is restored to ground the cycle repeats until the paddle is released. Dashes-work in similar fashion. Potentiom: eter RI sets the dot-dash ratio, potentiom: eter R2 sets the speed. Potentiometer R5 drops out the relay just before Ql stops conducting and has a slight effect on the dot-space r PARTS LIST FOR ELECTRONIC KEYER 4-VDC electrolytic capacitor 5-VDC electrolytic capacitor lode pap $2—$0.000-shm potentiome R3— 1208. [GB Square Shaper SINE WAVE input 1 a A quick-and-dirty square wave generator for audio amplifier tests can be fashioned from a standard signal generator and the Square Shaper. Simply drive the Square ‘Shaper with about 1 volt from the gener- ator; the maximum output at jack J1 will be a square wave of about 1 volt peak-to- peak. Just about any general purpose small- signal transistor can be used for Ql and Q2, and any resistance value reasonably close to 470-ohms will be okay for R2 and R3. You can even substitute some surplus PNP transistors such as the 2N404 and 2N109 by simply reversing the polarity of battery BI. PARTS LIST FOR THE SQUARE SHAPER 1-15 ¥"C" battery C1, C202 or 0.22 wf, 75 VDC Myler ‘capaci ©2350 uF, 3 VDC electrolytic cepaciter Hi—Phone jack Q1. O2—NPN transistor, 2N3396 R1—100,000-chm, V2 watt resistor 22, R3—470-ohm, V2 watt resistor R4—100,000-0hm audio teper potentiometer S1—SPST switch [yj Headlight Minder No more dead batteries in the morning; the Headlight Minder lets you knaw, loud and clear, if your lights are on when the ignition isoff. When the ignition only is on, the tone cir- cuit is off since there is no complete power path for QI. Diode D1 prevents positive battery voltage from flowing through Ql to the lights, When lights and ignition are on, Q1’s collector and emitter are positive and th> tone generator remains off. When the ligrts are on and the ignition is off, Ql’s (ground) terminal through RI and the gen- 38 erator sounds off. You'll know you left the lights switched on. PARTS LIST FOR HEADLIGHT MINDI C1—30-uF, 25-VDC capacitor 2—0.2-uF, 25-VDC capacitor Di—500-mA, 50-PIY silicon rectifier QI—HEP-630 pnp transistor R1—15,000-0hr R2—680-ohm, V-watt resister ‘S1_Dpst switch SPKR—3.2-ohm speaker CT primary te 3.2-chm put transformerThe unit can be built in a metal cabinet fastened to the car's dashboard so Ri is connected through the cabinet to the car's To<-0f% AGNITION 2 uignts 5 NEGATIVE, CAR GROUND chassis, thereby completing @ negative bat: tery connection. EE) Tenna-Blitz Light The ballgame is over and your car is buried in the parking fot along with two thousand other cars of the same color. Only yours n't lost, Sticking above acres of metal is a fittle lamp going blink-blink-blink. Mount the No. 49 lamp at the top of the an- tenna and run two wires down to the con: trol unit inside the car. When switch S1 is turned on the multivibrator makes the lamp blink away. Changing the capacitor’s value will vary the blink rate. PARTS LIST FOR TENRwaaGITZ LIGHT Cia tnuh, TODC electrotyti Iter [—2-4F, 10-VDC electrolytic capect Ti—No. 49 pilot lam i—ape transister—HEP-641 Sir ehe tranclstoronte739 ‘Va-watt resistor R2—l-megehm, Vs-watt resistor R3—2700-ohm, Vs-wett resistor St—Spst switch 49] S-9er for SWLs Super sensitivity is the feature of this two- transistor shortwave preselector. It provides ‘overall gain as high as 40 dB from 3.5-30 MHz. PARTS LIST FOR S-NINER FOR SWLS C1—365-pF tuning capacitor C2, C3—0.05-uF, 25-VDC capacitor 4_—S00-pF, 25-VDC copaciter DI—IN914 ‘diode Li—Antenna ceil: 1,7-5.5 KHz use 5495A, 5.5-15 MHz wse Mill S495A, 12-36 MHz use Miller D- 5495-4 QI--RCA 40468 FET transistor Va-watt resistor Yaewatt resistorDiode D1 protects against excess gate volt- age caused’ by nearby transmitters, while QI serves as an emitter follower-to match the medium output impedance of the FET transistor to the low input impedance of the receiver. Since Ql is a MOSFET type with a gate that's very sensitive to static changes, Q) SINE-wavE INPUT N Two reverse-parallel diodes of the ger- manium type provide an emergency square wave generator. Since’ a germanium di has an approximate 0.2 V breakover, any sine wave applied to the diodes will be clipped at 0.2 V. It provides a 0.4 peak- to-peak square wave. It's not perfect since the “rise” of the original sine-wave is still present, as shown in the waveform. must be handied with a short-circuit across ail leads until just before power is applied. Also, a soldering iron must not be applied to Q1's leads unless they are shorted, L1's connections are specified in the in- structions supplied with the coil. An RG- 174U coaxial cable should serve for the output. SQUARE WAVE ouTPuT VY To prevent loading and possible distortion of the sine wave input a 1000-ohm resistor should be connected between the squarer and the generator. PARTS LIST FOR SINE WAVE SQUARER DI, D2—Germanium diode (almost ony typed Me hode-ehm, Va-wett resistor Bl Scope Calibrator Back-to-back zener diodes provide a scope calibrator with a zero reference output PARTS LIST FO! (CHEAPIE SCOPE CALIBRATOR DI, D2—5-V, Ye-watt Zener diode Ri—270-chm, V2-watt resistor Whether the calibration voltage is fed to a scope’s AC or DC input, the baseline will not have to be readjusted. When the top of D1 ‘goes positive D1 con- ducts current through te the D2 cathode, The voltage across D2 builds until 5 V is reached and the output waveform is 5 Vpositive. The reverse action takes place when 7 a the top of D1 goes negative, provid- ing an output waveform of 5 V negative. The total result is a 10 V peak-to-peak 1 ‘square wave tocalibrate the scope face. ze To SCOPE hin v INPUT 02 ‘As the speed of an electric drill is de- crepsed by loading, its torque also drops. A compensating speed control like this one puts the oomph back into the motor. When the drill slows down, a back voltage developed across the motor—in series with the SCR cathode and gate—decreases. The SCR gate voltage therefore increases rela- tively as the back voltage is reduced. The “extra’’ gate voltage causes the SCR to conduct over a larger angle and more cur- rent is driven into the drill, even as speed falls under toad. tra-heavy heat sink for the SCR. The SCR should be mounted in a Y-in. thick block of aluminum or copper at least 1-in. square; if you drill for extended periods. PARTS LIST FOR UNL-TORQUE SPEED CONTROL |, D2—$00-mA, 200 PIV silicon rectifier |—3-A "Slo-ble" fuse |—2500-ohm, 5-watt resistor R2—250-chm, 4-watt poteatiometer 82 33-ohm, V2-watt resistor ‘SCRI—3-A, 200-PIV silicon controlled EE] Treasure Locator You won't find Long John Silver's buried treasure but you will have lots of fun find- ing bottie caps and uneaten sandwiches at the beach; maybe even some quarters and dimes. This treasure locator keeps-costs down by using a transistor radio as the detector. The unit is assembled on a perf-board, with rigid component mounting a must. It is strapped to a broom handle close to the bottom where the search head is mounted. A tran- sistor radio is mounted near the top of the handle, With the radio tuned to a ‘weak station,” Capacitor C1 is adjusted so the locator cillator “‘beats"” against the received signal, producing a whistle in the receiver. When 41