Diabetes and Healthy Food Choices
Diabetes and Healthy Food Choices
Diabetes and Healthy Food Choices
PAGE
3 Diabetes and healthy food choices
4 Non-starchy vegetables
6 Carbohydrate
7 Carbohydrate – General tips
8 Carbohydrate – Fruit
9 Carbohydrate – Milk and yoghurt
9 Carbohydrate – Sugar
10 Carbohydrate
11 Protein – Meat, chicken, fish, eggs and cheese
12 Fats and Oils
13 Salt
14 Drinks
15 Sweeteners
15 Alcohol
16 Foods to avoid
17 Biscuits, crackers and cakes
17 Jams, spreads, dressings, dips, sauces and pickles
18 Snacks
18 Ideas for taking a plate
19 Sample meals
20 Food guidelines summary
22 Food labels
This pamphlet has been developed by New Zealand Registered Dietitian Alison Pask to
provide some basic guidelines for people with diabetes. These may be adapted by your
health professional to suit your individual needs. The information is general and is not
designed to replace advice given to you by your own dietitian or other health professional.
kumara,
fish, pasta, rice, ra t
around the Diabetes ¼ of your plate or
eggs…
e ¼ of your plate or
taro…
New Zealand Healthy 1 serving* should 1 serving* should
be protein Other vegetables be carbohydrate
Plate model. broccoli, cabbage,
• Eat some cauliflower, lettuce,
tomato, carrots,
carbohydrate food at
eg peas…
e
V
l
at
Use the traffic lights to help you make healthy food choices
3
Non-starchy vegetables
chicken, kumara,
ate
+ + +
½ cup cooked 1 cup 1 tomato 1 carrot
mixed salad
vegetables
+ + +
½ cup ½ cup 1 cup 1 wedge
frozen cooked coleslaw pumpkin
beans broccoli
4
Non-starchy vegetables
hy
t
Pro
meat, potato,
dr
ate
chicken, kumara,
fish, pasta,
eggs… rice, taro…
6
Carbohydrate – General tips
7
Carbohydrate – Fruit
Eat at least 3-4 servings of fruit, spread throughout the day. These
also count towards your total carbohydrate intake for each meal.
8
Carbohydrate – Milk and yoghurt
Eat 2–3 servings each day. These also count towards your
total carbohydrate intake for each meal.
Example: 2 servings
Carbohydrate – Sugar
9
Carbohydrate
Starchy vegetables
1/3 cup 1/3 cup 2/3 cup of 1 cup of 1/3 cup of 1 cup of
of rice of pasta baked canned cooked cooked
beans red kidney couscous dhal
beans
Your dietitian will be able to give you a more detailed list of carbohydrate portions.
10
Protein – meat, chicken, fish, eggs and cheese
Car
n bo
ei 1 egg
1/3 cup of
hy
t
Pro
meat, potato,
dr
cottage cheese
ate
chicken, kumara,
fish, pasta,
eggs… rice, taro…
Other vegetables
broccoli, cabbage,
cauliflower, lettuce, ½ cup of 2 small fish
tomato, carrots,
peas…
tuna in water fillets
• Skim the fat off the top of stew, casseroles, mince and boil ups.
• Avoid eating fatty or salty meats e.g. battered fish and hot dogs.
• Limit the amount of cheddar, cream cheese and some soft cheeses
as they are high in fat.
11
Fats and oils
• We need some but not too much heart friendly fat and oil in our diet.
• Peanut butter or raw nuts with no added salt can be a good source of fat.
• Eat up to 30g each day. This is equal to one dessertspoon of peanut
butter or a small handful of nuts. For weight control one serve of nuts
replaces other oils and spreads.
• Use a lite coconut milk or use coconut flavoured light evaporated milk
instead of coconut milk or cream.
Eat some but not too much of these Avoid eating these
fats and oils (or spreads made from these oils) saturated fats and trans fats
Polyunsaturated Monounsaturated • Beef tallow
• Corn oil • Almond oil • Butter
• Grape seed oil • Avocado oil • Chefade
• Linseed or flax oil • Canola oil (rapeseed) • Chicken skin and fat
• Safflower oil • Olive oil • Chocolate
• Sesame oil • Peanut oil • Cocoa butter
• Soybean oil • Rice bran oil • Coconut oil, coconut cream
• Sunflower oil • Copha
• Walnut oil • Cream
• Wheat germ oil Polyunsaturated and • Ghee, clarified butter
monounsaturated • Hydrogenated oils
oils help lower blood • Kremelta
cholesterol and protect • Lard, suet, dripping
against heart disease. • Milk solids
They are called heart • Palm oil
friendly fats. • Shortening
• White fat visible on meat
12
Fats and oils
Salt (sodium)
All types of salt contain sodium including: table salt, rock salt,
vegetable salt, sea salt, monosodium glutamate (MSG) and any
ingredient beginning with sodium e.g. sodium bicarbonate.
• Three quarters of our salt/sodium intake comes from
✘
manufactured foods. Check the label reading guidelines on
sodium content on page 22 of this resource.
• Gradually decrease the amount of salt you use. Allow your
taste to adjust slowly.
• Add flavour to meals with herbs, spices, garlic
and lemon juice.
✔
• If using salty foods like ham, bacon, stock, soy sauce,
olives, anchovies or cheese, don’t add extra salt.
• Use salt-reduced stocks, low salt soy sauce
and tomato sauce.
• If you do use a small amount of salt, make sure it is iodised.
13
Drinks
Avoid drinking
• Drinks with more than 2.5g of carbohydrate per 100 ml
• Fruit juice including squeezed fruit juice and fruit juice
with no added sugar
• Soft drinks and tonic water
• Sport drinks
• Flavoured water
• Flavoured milk
• Energy drinks
• Cordials
14
Sweeteners
• For a sweet taste, you may wish to use liquid, tablet or powder
artificial sweeteners in place of sugar in your drinks and food
• Use a variety of different sweeteners rather than just one type.
Aim to reduce the amount of sweetener you use over time.
Alcohol
Avoid drinking
300ml beer
• Ready to drink pre-mixes
• Sweet or dessert wines
• Port and liqueurs.
30ml spirits
15
Foods to avoid
Foods listed below are high in total fat, saturated fat and/or
sugar. They can lead to high blood glucose levels, a higher risk
of heart disease and weight gain.
16
Biscuits, crackers and cakes
Better choices:
• Reduced fat, reduced salt, low calorie or
low kilojoule items
• Yoghurt based dips and dressings
• Small amounts of pickles eaten with savoury foods add
extra variety and flavour.
17
Snacks
18
Sample meals
1 cup of porridge + one bobby 2/3 cup of baked beans with 1 slice of
banana + ¼ cup of yoghurt wholemeal bread + tomato
• Use low fat, low sugar yoghurt and • Use a scraping
raw or unsweetened fruit. of margarine
• Use Weetbix or on bread.
other recommended • Add spinach
cereals for variety. or mushrooms
for variety.
Roast beef with kumara and 1 cup of rice with 1 cup of chickpea,
vegetables (½ cup roasted kumara, pumpkin and spinach curry
1 small potato, ½ cup of pumpkin • A roti bread can replace the rice.
and broccoli/cauliflower) • Lentil dhal,
• Use chicken, lamb, chicken or
pork or fish meat based
for variety. curries add
• Remove fat variety.
from meat.
• Eat half a plate
of non-starchy vegetables.
19
Food guidelines summary
These guidelines are a general guide for people with diabetes and heart disease.
Your food needs to match your weight, medications, medical conditions and activity levels.
The information is not designed to replace advice given by your dietitian or other health
professional.
20
Food Healthy Servings How much is one serving?
Adapted from the New Zealand Guidelines Group Cardioprotective Dietary Patterns
21
Food labels
22
Cereal Example Serving Size and Per Serve:
Use the per serve column to find out the amount of
(2 biscuits) carbohydrate in a serving. For example, one serve of
this breakfast cereal is 30g (2 biscuits) and contains
20g of carbohydrate.
Per Serve Per 100g Check the serving size and servings per pack first.
A 600ml drink bottle may contain three serves but if
444 1480
you are thirsty you may drink the whole bottle.
106 354
23
Diabetes and healthy food choices is produced by Diabetes New Zealand.
To learn more about diabetes:
• talk to your doctor or practice nurse
• visit www.diabetes.org.nz
• join Diabetes New Zealand
diabetes
February 2019 © Diabetes New Zealand new zealand