Mathematics for

Engineering
Technology II
BNR17903
SEC TION 5 (S5)
DR. KEK SIE LONG
Content
Introduction to Differential Equations
First Order Differential Equations
Second Order Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
Laplace Transform
Numerical Solution of Differential Equations
Topic 1
Introduction to Differential
Equations
Definitions and terminology
Formation and solution of differential equations
Differential equations as mathematical model
Topic 2
First Order Differential Equations
Methods of solution: Separable equations, Homogeneous equations,
Linear equations, Exact equations (general solution and solution of
initial value problems)
Application of first order differential equations: Growth and decay,
Newton’s law of cooling / warming
Problem solving using mathematical software
Topic 3
Second Order Differential Equations
with Constant Coefficients
Homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations
Methods of solution: Undetermined coefficients, Variation of parameters
(general solution, solution of initial and boundary value problems)
Applications in mechanical motions: Free oscillations, Forced oscillations
Problem solving using mathematical software
Topic 4
Laplace Transform
Definition and notation
Properties of the Laplace transform: Linearity, First shift theorem,
Multiplying by tn
Laplace transform of Heaviside function (unit step), Dirac delta function
(unit impulse) and periodic function
Second shift theorem
Inverse Laplace transform: Definition and Properties
Topic 4
Laplace Transform
Inverse transform of rational functions using partial fraction, completing
the square and convolution theorem
Application of Laplace transform for solving initial and boundary value
problems for linear differential equations with constant coefficients
Problem solving using mathematical software
Topic 5
Numerical Solution of
Differential Equations
Initial-value problems
◦ Euler's methodEuler's method
◦ Second order Taylor series method
◦ Fourth order Runge-Kutta method

Boundary-value problems
◦ finite-difference method
Assessment
Item Percentage
Quiz 10
Test 1 15
Test 2 15
Assignment 10
Project 10
Final Exam 40
Online Resource
Paul’s Online Notes
Mike Pierce MATH46-ODEs
MATH3270A - Ordinary Differential Equations
Differential Equations (Math 204)
List of chapters
Solving of differential equations online
Differential equations step by step
Choose an ODE Solver
Solving ODE using MATLAB
Online Calculator
Online equation editor
Online ODE calculator 1
Online ODE calculator 2
Online ODE calculator 3
Online ODE solver
Introduction to
Differential Equations
TOPIC 1
Topic 1
Introduction to Differential
Equations
Definitions and terminology
Formation and solution of differential equations
Differential equations as mathematical model
Definition
• Ordinary differential equation is an equation relating a function f of
one variable to its derivatives.

• The adjective ordinary here refers to those differential equations

involving one variable, as distinguished from such equations involving
several variables, called partial differential equations.
Xdependentvariable.
Et
Examples
- independent
Independent
variable. variable
general form

derivative constant

unknown function coefficient

Terminology
The derivative of the function y expresses its rate of change
at each point.

that is, how fast the value of the function increases or decreases as
the value of the variable increases or decreases.

Example

Anti-derivative Integral

?? x2
=
u x
+

x
+
C
+
+

x(x 1) C-
+
+
-
 General Form of Differential Equations

The first order linear differential equation.

ODE

lear
dependentvariable
e
-bydepend
on

- 41 -

x,1 x,1 + -
3x3
on 1-0, 1)
linearly dependent
The second order linear differential equation.

~I
- y

+
32) =

ynear
w(l-x,1 + x, 1
-

I = sine
ODE

C non-linearODE
da

↓ The nth order differential equations. x 2 1- 3x

I
1
-

1
+

-
I - I -

3
0
=

y er
** is square GAis I o 0 0

Stc non-IrearODE
(,(1 x) ()1 x) (z(1 34)
-
+ +
+
- 0
=

y is 22 linear Type. (21 2 (z)

+ +
0(
=
-
(1 (+
-
3(3)x 0 =
Order of Differential Equation
The order of a differential equation is the order of the highest
derivative included in the equation.

Example
ist

and

3rd

4th
Linearity a Differential Equation
A differential equation is linear if the dependent variable and all its derivative
occur linearly in the equation.

Example
It)" er non-linear.

linear opE
In)) to non-imear.

non-truear ODE

Irnear ODE

non-linear ODE
Solutions of Differential Equation
General Solution y x2
= x
+

unknown
+

Solutions obtained from integrating the differential equations are

called general solutions. The general solution of nth order ordinary
differential contains n arbitrary constants resulting from integrating n
times y18! 1 C
C 1
=

constant.
=

the
1 we
know
x2 x
+

Particular Solution
+

y
=

-
2 c value is in specific.

Particular solutions are the solutions obtained by assigning specific

values to the arbitrary constants in the general solutions

Singular Solutions

Solutions that cannot be expressed by the geneal solutions are called

singular solutions
 2 unknows
, unknown
What is a differential equation?
Video 1
Introduction Video 2
to Video 3
differential
Video 4
equation
Video 5