9

HEALTH
Quarter 4
Intentional Injury
HEALTH – Grade 9
Quarter 4 - Intentional Injury
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Angelica M. Cajes, Phoebe Ann B. Lorono
Editors: Marciano G. Canillas
Reviewers: Marciano G.Canillas
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i
 9
HEALTH
Quarter 4
Intentional Injury
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home.
Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons
in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing
this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering
the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

ii
 Lesson
Concept And Nature
1
Let Us Learn!
At the end of this lesson, the learner will be able to:

• differentiate intentional injuries from unintentional injuries

(H9IS-IVa-d-31);
• describe the types of intentional injuries (H9IS-IVa-d-32)
• analyze the risk factors related to intentional injuries
(H9IS-IVe-h-33);
• identify protective factors related to intentional injuries
(H9IS-IVe-h-34); and
• demonstrate ways to prevent and control intentional injuries.
(H9IS-IVe-h-35).

Let Us Try!
Let’s see if you have any prior knowledge about intentional injury.
Answer the crossword puzzle by looking at the clues provided on the
next page. You may write your answer on any sheet of paper.

2 3

7 8 9

10

1
 Across Down
3. A forced sexual intercourse 1. An initiation rite for fraternity
neophytes
4. Someone who follows you around
and makes you feel in danger 2. A violent attack, threat or attempt
to harm a person
5. The taking of a person from their
home using deception or force 6. Forcefully taking away of a person
against his/her will
7. Bullying with the use of
technology and electronic means 8. Harm or damage to someone as a
result of an act or event
10. Abuse, verbal insult, or physical
attack on a person 9. A street-based group, mostly
made up of young people, that
engages in illegal acts

Let Us Study
Hello learner! The lesson 1 presents the important concepts of
intentional injury and its nature. It is expected that at the end of this
lesson, you will be able to recognize what is intentional injury and
what are its types as you go through the various learning activities that
follow.

Activity 1: News Bulletin

Read the news headlines below then classify them as to whether they refer
to intentional or unintentional injuries. Write your answers in table form
which is provided for you on the next page.

Sunog sa Tagum City,

Estudyante, mula sa napabayaang
nagpakamatay kandila
matapos ma-bully Riot ng mga gang,
nauwi sa patayan!
Karambola
ng mga
Lupa sa Davao de Oro, gumuho sasakyan,
Teenager, dahil sa malakas na ulan pito ang
raped sugatan
and slain
Bata, nalunod
Dalaga, patay matapos
sa baha
masagasaan ng truck

2
 Intentional Injury Unintentional Injury

Guide Questions

1. Explain how you classified each news headline.

2. How did you distinguish between intentional and unintentional injuries?

Now that you can tell the difference between intentional and unintentional
injuries, let’s focus on intentional injuries. Unscramble the phrases to form
its meaning.

Intentional injuries are

Intentional injuries
_________________________________
purposeful intent
_________________________________
are injuries
_________________________________
to harm
_________________________________
that occur with
_________________________________
others or oneself

Activity 2: Reading Time

Intentional injuries are injuries that occur due to violence. It can

either be self-inflicted or an assault. Self-inflicted injuries happen when a
person causes harm on himself/herself intentionally. On the other hand,
assault happens when a person hurts other people on purpose.

Examples of intentional injuries that are self-inflicted are suicide and

parasuicide. Assault can further be classified into four: (1) those that were
committed within the family; (2) those that were committed by peers; (3)
those that were committed by other groups; and (4) those that were
committed by the family, peers or other groups. Within the family, one or
more members may abuse another family member. Bullying, stalking and
extortion are usually committed by teenagers of the same age in school or in
the community. Other groups may be involved in gang and youth violence,
illegal fraternity-related violence, kidanapping and abduction, and different
acts of terror. Sexual abuse and other forms of abuse and harassment such

3
as verbal abuse, incest, molestation or rape may be committed by anyone in
the family, friends or other people.

The conceptual framework below provides a graphical picture about

these types of intentional injuries.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework for Intentional Injuries

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Suicide and Parasuicide

Suicide is described as the deliberate taking of one's own life. It is one

of the leading causes of death worldwide, and it can strike anyone at any
time. In 2016, there were approximately 3.2 suicide deaths per 100,000
people in the Philippines. It is the third leading cause of death among young
people in the country, after cardiovascular disease, neurological disease,
and cancer. Depression, bullying, the loss of a loved one, and trauma are all
factors that lead to the rise in suicide rates.

Parasuicide, on the other hand, is a suicide attempt in which the

individual does not wish to die. It is always a cry for support, implying that
the person needs someone to understand how he or she is feeling.
Regardless, parasuicide must be taken seriously because it can result in
death.

How will you know if a person has the tendency to commit suicide?
Most of the time, the person shows warning signs which include:

• Talking about wanting to die or to kill oneself;

• Looking for a way to kill oneself;
• Talking about feeling hopeless or having no purpose;
• Talking about feeling trapped or being in unbearable pain;
• Talking about being a burden to others;
• Increasing the use of alcohol or drugs;
• Acting anxious, agitated, or reckless;
• Sleeping too little or too much;
• Withdrawing or feeling isolated;
• Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge; and
• Displaying extreme mood swings.

Domestic Violence

Domestic violence is an act that includes physical assault (hitting,

pushing, shoving, etc.), sexual abuse (unwanted or forced sexual activity),
and verbal abuse. This may occur to partners who may be married or not
married. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority's 2017 National
Demographic and Health Survey, one out of every four Filipino women aged
15 to 49 has experienced physical, mental, or sexual abuse from their
husband or partner. Domestic violence could also happen to heterosexual or
homosexual (i.e. gay or lesbian) couples and may be living together,
separated, or dating. Also, there are some children who go through abuses
in their own homes. A study was conducted in 2015, and it details high
incidences and different types of violence perpetrated against Filipino
children. The responses of approximately 4,000 children from various
socioeconomic backgrounds showed that the majority of the violence that
children encounter occurs in environments where they should feel
protected, and is committed by family and friends they trust. Some of the

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examples of domestic violence are name-calling or putdowns, denying
financial support, sexual assault, and many more.

Bullying

Bullying is an offensive and unwelcome conduct. Over time, the action

is replicated, or can be repeated. Both bullied children and those who bully
others can develop severe, long-term issues. We can say that there is
bullying when these aggresive behaviors are present which are:

• An imbalance of power: Bullies use their power to manipulate or

damage others, such as physical strength, access to embarrassing
information, or popularity.
• Repetition: Bullying activity may occur multiple times or has the
potential to occur multiple times.

There are different classifications of bullying. These are:

• Verbal bullying – saying or writing mean and nasty things like teasing,
name calling, making inappropriate sexual
comments, taunting, and threatening to cause
harm

• Social bullying – also known as relational bullying is hurting

someone’s reputation or relationships such as
telling other children not to be friends with
someone, spreading rumors about someone, and
embarassing someone in public

• Physical bullying – hurting a person’s body or destroying his/her

possessions which includes hitting, kicking,
pinching, spitting, tripping, pushing, taking or
breaking someone’s things, and making mean or
rude hand gestures

• Cyberbullying – verbal and social bullying done through use of

technology and electronic means; one-third of
Filipino children's cyberviolence comes in the form
of verbal abuse over the internet or by cellphone
(UNICEF Phillipines, 2019)

Stalking

Stalking is a pattern of behavior that makes you feel afraid, nervous,

harassed, or in danger. It is when someone repeatedly acontacts you, follows
you, sends you things and talks to you, even when you don’t want them to.
It is extremely dangerous for the person being stalked because the stalker's
acts and activities often intrude on his or her privacy. Stalking behaviors

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inlvolve actions such as knowing your schedule, calling or texting
repeatedly, asending gifts and many more.

Extortion

Extortion is the act of suing force or threats to force people to hand

over their money or properties, on favors. It may occur outside or near
schools, in which children are forced to give up their allowances in return
for the promise of not being beaten up. The act is different from robbery. In
robbery, there is a very real and very immediate violence. In extortion, a
person may only suffer from the fear of harm if he/she gives in to the
demand/s of the one who extorts.

Gang and Youth Violence

A gang is defined as a relatively tough, most street-based group of

young people who regard themselves and may be seen by others as a group
that engages in a range of criminal activity and violence. Oftentimes, they
are in conflict with other similar gangs.

For a variety of reasons, young people join gangs and groups. One of
these is the desire to belong, to be included, or to be a part of a group with
which they can identify. Another reason is their desire for adventure,
believing that joining gangs will provide them with the excitement and thrill
of their lives. Finally, if they are members of a gang, they feel protected and
watched over.

The majority of serious crimes, such as extortion, theft, and robbery,

are committed by gang members. They are also more likely to be involved in
drug sales and to bring weapons to school for fear of being attacked by rival
gangs.

Illegal Fraternity-Related Violence

A fraternity is a group of people with similar ackgrounds, occupations,

interests, or tastes. A young person may consider joining a fraternity for a
variety of reasons. Because fraternities have a reputation for being a
powerful group, they may see it as an increase in power and protection.

However, joining fraternities is not easy. Fraternity members would

require an applicant to go through a series of initiation rites to become a
part of the "brotherhood" in order to maintain their exclusivity. One of these
is hazing, or activities that involve harassment, abuse, or humiliation.
Hazing may be extremely dangerous for applicants because they will be
exposed to physical and psychological damage, such as being battered with
wooden paddles, and they can sustain several injuries or die in the process.
Because of this, the Republic Act 8049 - known as Anti-Hazing Law - now
regulates hazing and other types of initiation ritual in fraternities, sororities

7
and association. Physical hazing is prohibited under this law. Brotherhoods,
sororities and other organizations must inform school authorities about the
ritually initiated and the school will send representatives to the actual rites
of initiation to make sure there is no physical harm.

Kidnapping and Abduction

Kidnapping is taking away or forcefully moving a person against

his/her will and holding him/her in unjust captivity. The act is typically
carried out with the intention of obtaining a monetary reward/ransom or
any other gain from the individual or their families.

On the other hand, abduction is the use of deceit or force in order to

take a person or a child away from their home or relatives. In most cases of
abduction, the victim knows or has some sort of relationship with the
abductor. The majority of the time, the abductor is not keeping the victim
for monetary gain or profit.

Acts of Terror

Acts of terror, or terrorism, is the use of violence for political goals and
putting the public or a great number of people in fear. The goal of these
terrorist organizations is to instill terror in their victims through the use of
violence, fear, and pressure. Acts of terror may be categorized into six.

• State terrorism - Without declaring war, states or governments may

terrorize their people and achieve political goals by
using force or the threat of force.

• Bioterrorism - It refers to the deliberate release of toxic biological

agents in the name of a political or other cause in order
to hurt and terrorize civilians. Anthrax (Bacillus
anthracis), Botulism (Yersinia pestis), Smallpox (Variola
major), Tularemia (Francisella tularensis), and
Hemorrhagic fever (Ebola virus or Marburg virus) are
among the viruses, bacteria, and toxins that could be
used in an assault.

• Cyberisterrorism – It is the use of information technology to attack

civilians and draw attention to the terrorist’s cause.
This may indicate that they employ computer
systems or telecommunications to carry out a
conventional assault.

• Ecoterrorism – It is the use of violence in the interests of

environmentalism. Environmental extremists, in
general, destroy property in order to cause economic
harm to businesses or actors that they believe are
damaging animals or the natural environment. Fur

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 firms, mining companies, and animal science
laboratories are only a few examples.

• Nuclear terrorism – It refers to a number of different ways nuclear

materials might be used as a terrotist tactic. These
include attacks on nuclear installations, the
purchase of nuclear weapons, the construction of
nuclear weapons, and other methods of
disseminating radioactive materials.

• Narcoterrorism – It is the use of violence by drug traffickers to

influence governments or prevent government’s
efforts in stopping the drug trade. This may include
the assassination of powerful anti-drug trafficking
figures or the assassination of a government official
in charge of an anti-drug trafficking organization.

Verbal Abuse

Verbal abuse is a form of cruelty that involves the use of words. These
words are used to hurt, influence, and attack someone else. It involves
actions such as outbursts of anger, screaming rage, and name-calling that
appear to accuse, brainwash, and intimidate an individual. Since the verbal
abuser's intention is to manipulate and sway the victim, this is achieved. To
better understand verbal abuse, it is better to look at its characteristics.

• Verbal bullying is hurtful and commonly targets a person's personality

and skills.
• Verbal violence can be outwardly visible (such as violent outbursts
and name-calling) or it can be concealed (involving very subtle
comments).
• Verbal abuse is controlling. Even judgmental comments may be voiced
in a very sincere and concerned way.
• Abuse of some kind, whether verbal or physical, is dangerous. It
allows people's self-confidence to erode over time without them
understanding it. They can attempt to alter their actions in order to
avoid upsetting the abuser.
• It's difficult to predict when someone would be verbally abused. The
abuser's taunt, angry blow, critical statement, or hurtful comment
stuns, shocks, and throws a person off balance.
• Verbal abuse normally worsens as strength, regularity, and variety
increase. Put-downs disguised as jokes may be the start of the verbal
violence. Other types can appear later. Physical abuse may also follow
verbal abuse, beginning with "accidental" shoves, pushes, and bumps.

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Sexual Abuse (Incest, Molestation and Rape)

According to the Philippines' 2018 National Baseline Study on

Violence Against Children, 22.4 percent of young people aged 13 to 24 years
have experienced sexual violence. The Philippines is one of the top sources
of the billion-dollar child pornography industry and a center for the
livestream sexual exploitation trade, according to a UNICEF report released
in 2017. In addition, eight out of ten Filipino children are vulnerable to
online sexual harassment or bullying.

Incest is sexual contact between persons who are so closely related

that a marriage between them is considered illegal (e.g., parents and
children, uncles/aunts and nieces/nephews, etc). Incest usually takes the
form of an older family member having sexual contact with a child or
adolescent or sexually assaulting a child or adolescent.

Despite the fact that it is an abuse, there are a variety of explanations

why the victims can not report it. One explanation is that the victims may be
convinced that what is happening is natural or that it occurs in every family,
and therefore are unaware that they are being abused. Victims may also be
concerned about what would happen if they report the abuser, particularly if
the abuser has threatened them.

Molestation is the sexual abuse of a person (whether a child or adult)

by an adult for sexual pleasure or for profit. It occurs when a person
perceives another person as a sexual object and uses this perception to
fulfill sexual desires and fantasies, typically by subjecting the victim to
unwanted or inappropriate sexual advances or behavior. It may include
fondling, child pornography and child prostitution.

Rape is forced sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal, or oral

penetration. Penetration may be by a body part or an object. The sexual act
mag also be considered rape if it satisfies any of the following criteria:

• One or both parties are under the age of consent, which means one or
both of them is under the age of 18.
• One of them lacks the mental and legal capacity to consent, implying
that one of them does not have the mental and legal capacity to
consent (i.e. with mental disability, people who have been drugged or
unconscious, etc.)
• Since one of them refused to participate, the rapist could use physical
force or threats to compel the victim to engage in sexual activity with
him.

If all three criteria are met, the sexual act is classified as rape, which
is a criminal crime that is punishable by law.

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 Let Us Practice
Read and understand the illustration below and answer the guide
questions that follow.

Guide Questions:

1. What type of unintentional injury is being portrayed in the

illustration?
2. Based on this illustration, what are its effects on the victim?

Let Us Practice More

Analyze the given examples of injuries. Write I if it is an example of
intentional injury and U if you think that it is unintentional.

_____ 1. Dan had a broken leg due to a vehicular accident.

_____ 2. Edwin got bruises after being beaten by gangsters.
_____ 3. Anna accidentally touched the hot frying pan resulting to a
second-degree burn.
_____ 4. Joy attempted to jump from the second floor of the school’s
building after being bullied by her classmates.
_____ 5. A driver was shot when a group of teenagers tried to rob him.

Let Us Remember
Now that you already know the difference between intentional and
unintentional injury, and the different types of unintentional injury,
let us remember these important concepts and information.

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 • Both intentional and unintentional injury are physical or emotional
harm that may be experienced by oneself or others. However, the only
thing that makes intentional different from unintentional injury is if
there is a purposeful intent to hurt oneself or others. Also, intentional
injury results from violence.

• Intentional injury can be divided into two major classification namely,

self-inflicted and assault. Self-inflicted injury occurs when a person
harms himself/herself on purpose while assault happens when a
person harms another on purpose.

• Suicide and parasuicide are examples of self-inflicted injury. On the

other hand, assault can be in the form of domestic violence, bullying,
stalking, extortion, gang and youth violence, illegal fraternity-related
violence, kidnapping and abduction, acts of terror, incest, molestation
and rape.

Let Us Assess
True or False. Analyze each statement carefully. Write True if the
statement is correct and False if it is incorrect.

____________________1. Intentional injury occurs when a person accidentally

hurts himself or herself and others.
____________________ 2. Suicide attempt is an example of self-inflicted injury.
____________________ 3. Robbery is the act of using force or threats to force
people to hand over their money, in exchange for the
promise that they will not be hurt.
____________________ 4. A person who bullies another by posting pictures on
social media can be convicted of social bullying.
____________________ 5. In the Republic Act 8049, hazing is legal under the
condition that a school representative is present
during the initiation rite.

Let Us Enhance
Draft a short but powerful message that promotes a culture of non-
violence (an example is given below). You may do this through the
following options that is convenient for you. You may:

Option 1 – Post your message in your preferred social media like Facebook
Option 2 – Send your message through text message.
Option 3 – Write it on any sheet of paper.

Example
“NO to hating, YES to loving”

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 Lesson
Risk And Protective Factors
2
Let Us Try!
Connect words related to the primary concept of intentional injuries.
You may form words vertically and horizontally. You may also use
the letters from the connected words as you go on with the activity.

I N T E N T I O N A L
N
J
U
R
I
E
S

Guide Question:

How will you relate these words to intentional injuries? Form one concept
statement using one or more of the written words.

Let Us Study
Hello there, learner! In this lesson, you will learn the risk factors
that make a person more vulnerable to intentional injuries. Also,
you will know the protective factors that can help you prevent it. You will be
provided with information related to the topic. Read them carefully for you to
answer the learning activities that follow.

13
Activity 1: Reading Time

Risk factors are traits that are associated with youth abuse, but they
are not the cause of it. Youth violence is caused by a combination of person,
relationship, culture, and societal factors.

Individual Risk Factors

• Victimization by violence in the past
• Learning disabilities, hyperactivity, or attention deficits
• Early violent conduct history
• Use of illegal substances, alcoholic beverages, or tobacco
• IQ score is low
• Poor behavioral control
• Deficiencies in social cognition and information processing
• High levels of mental distress
• Treatment for mental issues in the past
• Antisocial behaviors and values
• Involvement in family abuse and dispute

Family Risk Factors

• Child-rearing attitudes that are authoritarian
• Participation of gangs
• Social rejection by peers
• Lack of participation in traditional sports
• Poor academic performance
• Low commitment to school and school failure

Community Risk Factors

• Diminished economic opportunities
• High concentrations of poor residents
• High level of transiency
• There is a lot of family discord.
• Low levels of community involvement
• Neighborhoods that are socially disorganized

Protective factors can reduce the risk of young people being victims
or perpetrators of abuse. Researching risk factors is just as critical as
identifying and recognizing protective factors.

14
Individual Protective Factors
• An attitude of intolerance toward deviance
• High IQ
• High grade point average (as an indicator of high academic
achievement)
• High educational aspirations
• Social orientation that is positive
• Peers recognize your popularity.
• Social abilities/competences that are highly defined
• Skills for realistic preparation that have been honed
• Religious convictions

Family Protective Factors

• Family ties or adult relationships outside of the family
• Ability to communicate with parents about issues
• Perceived parental expectations about school performance are high
• Shared activities with parents on a regular basis
• Consistent presence of parent during at least one of the following:
when awakening, when arriving home from school, at evening
mealtime, or when going to bed
• Participation in social events
• Constructive problem-solving techniques used by parents and families
(provision of models of constructive coping)

Peer and Protective Social Factors

• Possession of good, intimate, and prosocially focused affective
relationships with others at school
• Commitment to school
• Near ties with peers who aren't deviants
• Being a member of a peer group that does not tolerate antisocial
behaviour
• Participation in prosocial tasks
• Exposure to school climates that have the following features:
➢ Intensive supervision
➢ Clear behavior rules
➢ Firm disciplinary methods
➢ Engagement of parents and teachers

Let Us Practice
Select one intentional injury from the list below. Please copy the
sample diagram on a paper. Identify the risk factors or reasons for
violent actions and behaviors (cause) that lead to intentional injuries
(effect). Answer the guide questions that follow.

15
 Intentional Injuries:
1 – Self-Inflicted (Suicide and parasuicide)
2 – Domestic violence
3 – Bullying
4 – Stalking
5 – Extortion
6 – Gang and youth violence, illegal fraternity-related violence
7 – Kidnapping and abduction
8 – Acts of terror
9 – Verbal abuse
10 – Sexual abuse (incest, molestation and rape)

Guide Questions:

1. What are the common reasons for the violent behavior and actions
that cause intentional injuries?
2. Based on the outputs of all the groups, summarize the risk factors
using the diagram below.

3. Do you think these factors are preventable? Why or why not?

16
 Let Us Practice More
Read the article presented. Then answer the guide questions that
follow.

Here is an excerpt from the United Nations’ The Convention on the

Rights of the Child. It focuses on articles regarding protection rights of
children to keep them safe from harm.

Article 19 (Protection from all forms of violence): Children have

the right to be protected from being hurt and mistreated, physically
or mentally. Governments should ensure that children are properly
cared for and protect them from violence, abuse and neglect by their
parents, or anyone else who looks after them. In terms of discipline,
the Convention does not specify what forms of punishment parents
should use. However, any form of discipline involving violence is
unacceptable. There are ways to discipline children that are effective
in helping children learn about family and social expectations for
their behavior – ones that are non-violent, are appropriate to the
child’s level of development and take the best interests of the child
into consideration.
Article 34 (Sexual exploitation): Governments should protect
children from all forms of sexual exploitation and abuse.
Article 35 (Abduction, sale and trafficking): The government
should take all measures possible to make sure that children are not
abducted, sold or trafficked.

Guide Questions:

1. Explain the excerpt that you have just read.

2. Do you think the Philippine government has done its duty of protecting the
welfare of children against violent actions and behaviors resulting to
intentional injuries? Cite examples to support your answer.
3. If you were given the chance to talk to government officials in keeping you
safe from intentional injuries, what would you say to them?

Let Us Remember
Now that you already know the risk factors and protective factors
related to intentional injuries, let us remember these important
concepts and information.

• Risk factors are characteristics linked with youth violence, but they are
not direct causes of youth violence. Individual attitude, relationship
with family and peers, and influences in the community are among the
risk factors which make a person vulnerable to intentional injuries.

17
 • Protective factors may lessen the likelihood of youth violence
victimization or perpetration. Identifying and understanding protective
factors are equally as important as researching risk factors. Examples
of protective factors are having religious convictions, close family ties
and commitment to school.

Let Us Assess
Analyze each situation carefully and identify the risk factor related to
intentional injuries that is being shown. Write RF if it is a risk factor
and PF if it’s a protective factor.

_____1. Ben frequently hangs out with his friends who drinks alcohol.
_____2. When Edwards’ parents got separated, he often withdraws from
people.
_____3. Kyla holds fast to her personal conviction that drugs and alcohol wont
do anything good.
_____4. Peter enjoys playing basketball with his friends in school.
_____5. Anna lives in a community where drug use is prevalent.

Let Us Enhance
Research about the Republic Act No. 10627 “Anti-Bullying Act of
2013. Then answer the guide questions that follow.

Guide Questions:

1. What are the highlights of this legislation?

2. What problems are being addressed by the legislations?
3. If you were to revise the laws, what provisions would you add or
remove so that they can protect you better from violent acts or
behaviors that cause intentional injuries? Why?

18
 Lesson
Prevention and Control
3
Let Us Try!
Let us check if you have prior knowledge about the prevention and
control of intentional injury. To complete the words, fill in the
missing characters. Each word has a description that will help you
figure out the answer.

1. A s _ _ r _ i v _ n e s _ - having a bold and confident behavior

2. _ e l _ - e s t e _ m - having self-confidence

3. B _ d y L _ n g u _ g _ - actions that can send off a message

4. I _ t _ i t _ o n - sense danger or sense something wrong

Let Us Study
Hello learner! Do you feel confident about how to prevent being a
victim of intentional injuries or how to manage yourself when you
become a victim? Well, Lesson 3 will present ways on how to prevent and
manage intentional injury.

Activity 1: Reading Time

For self-inflicted intentional injuries

You learned about management techniques to help you deal with

stress and depression the previous year. But what if one of your friends or
family members is suicidal? The key to preventing suicide attempts is to act
quickly and take them seriously. If you're concerned that the individual will
commit suicide, an easy but successful method is to talk with him or her. It
may feel awkward and uneasy to speak up, but someone who exhibits
problems or warning signs requires urgent assistance, and the faster you
respond, the better. In this situation, you might say something like, "I
wanted to check in on you because you haven't been yourself lately." You
may also raise questions such as, "Did anything happen that caused you to
feel this way?" You may also provide assistance by saying something like, "I
do not understand precisely how you feel, but I care for you and want to
help."

Adapted from: P.E AND Health 9 Learner’s Module

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 But if you're concerned about harming yourself, you can also try
these:
• Ask for help - talk to a trustworthy parent or friend about any
painful thoughts or experiences. If chatting with a friend or family
member isn't an option, talk to a school nurse, teacher, psychiatrist,
or psychologist.
• Obtaining professional assistance – even if someone has a close
friend or parent to speak to, it is still a good idea to get clinical
advice and resources.
• Taking out all self-harming tools – sharp stones, poisonous liquids,
and other things should be kept out of sight of anyone who self-
harm. If at all practicable, have someone else hold them safely for
you.
• Putting distraction tactics into effect – distraction will help you
prevent self-harm before the desire to do so has passed.
• Getting rid of bottled-up emotions – when you're having a hard time
expressing or releasing your feelings, try crying or yelling into a
pillow.

Adapted from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/self-inflicted-

injury#helping-someone-else

For cases of assault and abuse

In order to prevent becoming a victim of assault and abuse, one

important consideration is knowing the proper self-defense techniques which
involve physical, mental and emotional assertiveness. These are the following:
• Self-esteem – having a self-confidence that will make you less likely to
be chosen as an easy target
• Assertiveness – a physical assault can be avoided by displaying
courageous and confident behavior, such as speaking with conviction.
Since many attacks choose easy victims who can be overpowered
easily, saying loudly phrases like "Leave me alone" can catch the
attacker off guard before he or she can react.
• Intuition – one essential concept is that if you feel threat or that
something is wrong or going to happen, you must leave immediately.
• A self-protective attitude – most important of all, you must realize that
you are worthy and have a right to be treated with respect. Being safe
is your right, but it is also your responsibility.

Adapted from: P.E AND Health 9 Learner’s Module

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 Let Us Practice
Hello, student! We'll now assess your comprehension of the lecture.
Examine the following scenarios below. If the statement
demonstrates the proper way to assist a victim of intentional harm, write
"approve" and "disapprove" if it does not.

__________1. Show love and support to your friend.

__________2. Make fun of her problems.
__________3. Listen when s/he shares a problem.
__________4. Encourage them to seek professional advice.
__________5. Run away and hide from your friend who needs your help.

Let Us Practice More

Activity: Managing Yourself

Decide what is helpful (do) and what is not helpful (don’t) when
trying to prevent and control intentional injury. Put the words in their
proper column.

blame others starve yourself break rules

listen to music destroy things be open-minded
remain positive ask for help relax
remain calm

DO’s DON’Ts

Let Us Remember
Now that you’ve learned the ways to prevent and control intentional
injuries. Let us keep this in mind:

• Intentional injuries are when a person brings harm to

themselves or others on purpose.
• Self-harm is when a person intentionally brings harm to
themselves. An example would be suicide.

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 • People who self-injure can practice healthy coping strategies
and recover from self-harming habits with the assistance of
loved ones and health providers.
• The first step in the treatment process is to talk to a loved one,
a psychiatrist, or a mental health specialist.

Let Us Assess
Identify which of the following strategy is effective in preventing and
controlling intentional injury. Write check (√) if the strategy is helpful
and ex (X) if it’s not.

_____1. Being aloof and withdrawn from others most of the time.
_____2. Going out with friends who are committed to their studies.
_____3. Thinking of yourself as valuable and worthy of respect.
_____4. Feeling hopeless when you face failures.
_____5. Sharing your difficulties with your family members.

Let Us Enhance

Activity: Feel better flower

In this activity, let us identify your positive traits, personal boost to
help encourage positivity and support system. Draw a flower (refer to the
example below) and provide the needed information. Answer the questions
that follows.

Questions

1. What are your considerations in choosing people to trust in each of

the situations?

2. Among the people you trust, whom will you approach, inform or seek
help from if you were…

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 a. Bullied by your classmate? Why?
b. Verbally abused by an elder? Why?
c. Thinking of harming yourself? Why?

Let Us Reflect
Complete the sentences regarding what you will do, what you will
change, and what you will stop doing, in relation to promoting a
violence-free environment.

I will stop ___________________________________________________________

I will change ________________________________________________________

I will do ____________________________________________________________

Post Assessment
Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the
correct answer from the given choices.

_____1. You are being bullied in school. What is the best thing to do?
A. Report him/her to the school authorities.
B. Get even with him/her by asking friends for vengeance.
C. Confront the bully and tell him/her that you don’t like what
he/she is doing.
D. Do not do anything. He/she will eventually stop when he/sh finds
someone else to bully.

_____2. Which of the following is a risk factor for suicide attempt?

A. Good problem-solving skills
B. History of trauma and abuse
C. Strong connections to family and community support
D. Effective clinical care for mental and substance use disorders

_____3. You noticed that you are always being followed by someone whom
you don’t know. What will you do?
A. Nothing. He/she is just a harmless admirer.
B. Run away and hide from the person who is always following you.
C. Tell your parents or other authorities that you can trust about
your stalker.
D. Make a scene to catch the attention of the public, then confront
the person following you.

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_____4. What form of violence is used for political goals which include
putting the public or a great number of people in fear?
A. Terrorism C. Kidnapping
B. Bullying D. Suicide

_____5. Which is NOT an example of verbal abuse?

A. Words that are manipulative and controlling.
B. Words that can cause a gradual diminishing of self-confidence.
C. Words that are used to explain to a child his/her mistake.
D. Words that are hurtful and usually attack the nature and
abilities of the person.

_____6. The following are examples of intentional injury EXCEPT _______.

A. Vehicular accidents C. Suicide attempts
B. Fraternity hazing D. Suicide bombings

_____7. Self-defense is one of the best ways to prevent intentional injuries.

Which of the following best describes the statement?
A. Physical strategies, such as learning self-defense skills.
B. Emotional preparedness and having self-confidence.
C. Mental preparedness, in order to be alert for the possibilities of
danger.
D. All of the above

_____8. You heard your friend Ben telling your other friends to shun Adam
because they recently had a fight. What will you do?
A. Nothing. No harm will happen from it.
B. Nothing. I do not want to get involved.
C. I will convince all of my friends to shun Ben instead because he
is a bully.
D. I will confront Ben and tell him to stop what he is doing because
it is bullying.

_____9. Why do some victims of sexual abuse remain quiet and don’t report?
A. The victim might not know that help is available or he/she does
not know who to talk to.
B. The victim might be told that what is happening is normal and
doesn’t realize that it is a form of abuse.
C. The victim might be afraid of what will happen to him/her if
he/she tells someone, especially if the abuse has threatened
him/her.
D. All of the above.

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_____10. Why does domestic violence happen?
A. The abuser is in a stressful relationship.
B. The abuser is trying to control the victim.
C. The couple don’t have much money and this causes stress in the
relationship.
D. All of the above.

_____11. Which of the following is NOT true about intentional injuries?

A. Accidents are considered intentional injuries.
B. Intentional injuries are injuries resulting from violence.
C. Alcohol and drug use are risk factors related to intentional
injuries.
D. Involvement in gangs may lead a person to commit violent
actions.

_____12. All of the following are protective factors that lessen the likelihood
of a person to be involved in violence EXCEPT _________________.
A. having a close relationship within the family
B. possessing a strong desire to finish schooling
C. being with gangsters who are involved in extortion
D. enjoying different sports in and outside the school

_____13. Which of the following describes intentional injury?

A. It happens accidentally.
B. It takes place without violence.
C. It brings harm to other people only.
D. It occurs with the intention to hurt oneself or others.

_____14. How can you protect yourself from becoming a victim of bullying?
A. being alone most of the time
B. confidently speak up and confront the person
C. allowing someone to bully you until he/she gets tired
D. immediately give your money to prevent being beaten

_____15. Which of the following scenario is related to intentional injury?

A. A man in the street is bumped by a car.
B. Your mother accidentally touches a hot pan.
C. Your classmate has drunk poison to end his life.
D. Your younger sister carelessly cuts her finger with a knife.

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 Answer key Activities in Lesson 1

Let Us Try Let us Let Us Assess

1. hazing Practice More
2. assault 1. Unintentional
3. rape 1. U 2. True
4. stalker 2. I 3. Extortion
5. abduction 3. U 4. cyberbullying
6. kidnapping 4. I 5. illegal
7. cyberbullying 5. I
8. injury
9. gang
10. abuse

Answer key Activities in Lesson 2

Let Us Assess

1. RF
2. RF
3. PF
4. PF
5. RF

Answer key to Activities in Lesson 3

Let us try! Let us practice!

1. Assertiveness 1. Approve
2. Self-esteem 2. Disapprove
3. Body 3. Approve
Language 4. Approve
4. Intuition 5. Disapprove

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 References

• John Hopkins Medicine. (2021). Retrieved from hopkinsmedicine.org:

https://www.google.com/amp/s/.www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditi
ons-and-diseases/vital-signs-body-temperature-pulse-rate-respiration-rate-
blood-pressure%3famp=true

• Philippine Commission on Women. (2021). Retrieved from

https://pcw.gov.ph/violence-against-
women/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%202017%20National,address%20t
he%20concern%2C%20VAW%20persists.

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, March 2). Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/riskprotectivefactor
s.html

• UNICEF. (2019, September 6). UNICEF Philippines. Retrieved from

https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/online-bullying-
remains-prevalent-philippines-other-countries

• UNICEF. (2019). UNICEF Philippines. Retrieved from

https://www.unicef.org/philippines/stories/sweet-trap-bitter-experience-
child-sex-abuse-victims

• UNICEF. (2016, October). UNICEF Philippines. Retrieved from

https://www.unicef.org/philippines/reports/national-baseline-study-
violence-against-children-philippines

• Jose P. Doria, M. C. (2014). In Physical Education and Health Learner's

Material Grade 9 (pp. 368-417). Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.
• Medical News Today. (2021). Retrieved from
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/self-inflicted-injury

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Tagum City

Office Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100

Telefax: (084) 216-3504

E-mail Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph

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