This document discusses ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). It begins with review questions about ISDN's key characteristics: allowing access to multiple networks through digital connections, offering bearer, tele, and supplementary services, replacing analog local loops with digital ones, and connecting nodes in a network. It then provides more details on the history and development of ISDN, the different channel types and their data rates, differences between BRI and PRI, devices used in ISDN like NT1 and TA, the OSI model layers used in ISDN, protocols like LAPB and LAPD, and differences between N-ISDN and B-ISDN. The document concludes with multiple choice and exercise questions related to ISDN topics.
This document discusses ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). It begins with review questions about ISDN's key characteristics: allowing access to multiple networks through digital connections, offering bearer, tele, and supplementary services, replacing analog local loops with digital ones, and connecting nodes in a network. It then provides more details on the history and development of ISDN, the different channel types and their data rates, differences between BRI and PRI, devices used in ISDN like NT1 and TA, the OSI model layers used in ISDN, protocols like LAPB and LAPD, and differences between N-ISDN and B-ISDN. The document concludes with multiple choice and exercise questions related to ISDN topics.
This document discusses ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). It begins with review questions about ISDN's key characteristics: allowing access to multiple networks through digital connections, offering bearer, tele, and supplementary services, replacing analog local loops with digital ones, and connecting nodes in a network. It then provides more details on the history and development of ISDN, the different channel types and their data rates, differences between BRI and PRI, devices used in ISDN like NT1 and TA, the OSI model layers used in ISDN, protocols like LAPB and LAPD, and differences between N-ISDN and B-ISDN. The document concludes with multiple choice and exercise questions related to ISDN topics.
This document discusses ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). It begins with review questions about ISDN's key characteristics: allowing access to multiple networks through digital connections, offering bearer, tele, and supplementary services, replacing analog local loops with digital ones, and connecting nodes in a network. It then provides more details on the history and development of ISDN, the different channel types and their data rates, differences between BRI and PRI, devices used in ISDN like NT1 and TA, the OSI model layers used in ISDN, protocols like LAPB and LAPD, and differences between N-ISDN and B-ISDN. The document concludes with multiple choice and exercise questions related to ISDN topics.
1. a. Integrated: Allowing access to a variety of networks through digital pipes. b. Services: Services offered to customers are bearer services, teleservices, and supplementary services c. Digital: replacement of the analog local loop with digital subscriber loops d. Network: a network is a series of points or nodes interconnected by communi- cation paths. 3. At first, the telecommunications networks were entirely analog and were used for the transmission of analog information in the form of voice. With the advent of digital processing, subscribers needed to exchange data as well as voice. Modems were developed to allow the exchange of digital data using analog lines. Gradually, telephone companies added digital technologies while continuing analog service to their customers. Customers began to require access to different networks. The tele- phone companies then created integrated digital networks (IDN) to meet these needs. In the next step, customer services such as bearer services and teleservices as well as supplementary services were integrated with the IDN; ISDN was devel- oped. 5. B: any kind of digital information in full duplex up to 64 Kbps D: control signals for B channel and low data transfer (any kind of digital informa- tion) up to 16 or 64 Kbps; may be used for telemetry and alarm transmission H: all kinds of digital information, especially for high data rate applications such as video and teleconferencing up to 384 Kbps, 1536 Kbps, or 1920 Kbps 7. BRI is designed to meet the needs of residential customers and small offices. PRI is mostly used in large corporations.
55 56 CHAPTER 16 ISDN
9. An NT1 is a device that controls the physical and electrical termination of the ISDN at the user’s premises and connects the user’s internal system to the digital subscriber loop. 11. TE1 is any device that supports the ISDN standards. 13. A TA converts information coming from a T2 device in a non-ISDN format into a format that can be carried by ISDN. 15. The ISDN is defined in three separate planes; the user plane, the control plane and the management plane. Each of these planes are divided into the seven layers that correspond with the seven layers of the OSI model. 17. The functions of the physical layer in ISDN are defined by ITU-T standards; I.430 for BRI and I.431 for PRI. These standards define, for instance, the mechanical and electrical specifications of the R, S, T, U interfaces, encoding, multiplexing channels, and power supply. 19. B channels use LAPB protocol, while D channels use LAPD protocol. Both proto- cols are simplified subsets of HDLC that use asynchronous balanced mode. 21. The primary difference between N-ISDN and B-ISDN is the data rate. N-ISDN supports 64 Kbps to 1.544 Mbps, while B-ISDN supports up to 600 Mbps. 23. B-ISDN offers an access method that allows a 155.520 Mbps full-duplex connec- tion. Another method is the 155.520 Mbps output combined with a 622.080 Mbps input. This method provides asymmetrical full-duplex network access. The 622.080 Mbps full-duplex method is designed for businesses that provide and receive distributive services.
16.2 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
25. b 27. d 29. b 31. c 33. a 35. a 37. d 39. a 41. b 43. c 45. a 47. c 49. b 51. b
16.3 EXERCISES 53. 4 bits per frame 55. 0000000011010001 57. ⇐ –H–1–B–0–I–1–E–1 59. With the ISDN address field, 1000 countries, 100 networks for each country, 1010 subscribers per network, 1040 TEs per subscriber and 1050 TEs in total can be defined. 61. See Figure 16.1. SECTION 16.3 EXERCISES 57
