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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pickleball
Highest governing body International Federation of Pickleball[1]

First played 1965, Bainbridge Island, Washington, U.S.

Characteristics

Contact No

Team members Singles or doubles

Mixed-sex Yes, separate singles, doubles, & mixed

doubles

Type Outdoor or indoor, racket sport

Equipment Plastic pickleball, composite or wooden

paddle, and net

Venue Outdoor or indoor, pickleball court

Glossary Glossary of pickleball terms

Presence

Country or region Worldwide

Olympic No

Paralympic No

World Games No
Pickleball is an indoor or outdoor racket/paddle sport in which two players (singles), or
four players (doubles), hit a perforated hollow plastic ball over a 36-inch-high (0.91 m)
net using solid-faced paddles. Opponents on either side of the net hit the ball back and
forth until one side commits a rule infraction. Pickleball was invented in 1965 as a
children's backyard game in the United States, on Bainbridge
Island in Washington state. In 2022, pickleball was named the official state sport of
Washington.[2]
The pickleball court and the manner of play resemble tennis in some respects and ping
pong (table tennis) in others. The court is the size of a doubles badminton court (less
than a third the size of a tennis court), and the paddle is larger than the one used in
table tennis. The rules, and the position of lines on the court, are specific to pickleball.
There are two 7-foot areas (2.1 m) on either side of the net, known as the non-volley
zones, where the ball may be hit with the paddle only after it has bounced. The official
rules specify side-out scoring, meaning that only the player or team serving can score a
point. All serves are made with an underhand stroke. The hard plastic ball used in
pickleball produces significantly less bounce than softer, flexible balls such as tennis
balls. The minimal amount of bounce, the non-volley zones, and underhand serve
combine to give the game a dynamic pace and a choice of hitting strategies, ranging
from soft dink shots that stay within the two non-volley zones to powerful drive
shots and overhead smash shots. To minimize any advantage the serving or receiving
side might have at the beginning of the game, the ball must be allowed to bounce once
on each side of the net before players are permitted to volley the ball (that is, to hit the
ball before it has bounced on their side of the net).
Between 1965 and 2020, pickleball became a popular sport in the Pacific
Northwest region of the United States, and also began to grow in popularity elsewhere.
In 2021, 2022 and 2023, the sport was named the fastest-growing sport in the United
States by the Sports and Fitness Industry Association, and by 2023 it was estimated to
have over 4.8 million players. The growing popularity of the sport has been attributed to
its a short learning curve, its appeal to a wide range of ages and fitness levels, and its
low startup costs. There are now thousands of pickleball tournaments throughout the
United States, including the US National Championships and the U.S. Open
Tournament, along with two professional tours and one professional league. Pickleball
is also growing in popularity outside the United States: there are several other national
and international competitions.

Etymology[edit]
The game was created in 1965 on Bainbridge Island, Washington, at the summer home
of Joel Pritchard, who later served in the United States Congress and as Washington's
lieutenant governor.[3] Pritchard and two of his friends, Barney McCallum and Bill Bell,
are credited with devising the game and establishing the rules.
Pritchards stated that the dog came along after the game had already been named, and
it was the dog that was named for the game of pickleball. They said the confusion arose
when a reporter interviewing the Pritchards in the early 1970s decided it would be
easier for readers to relate to the dog rather than a pickle boat. Representatives of USA
Pickleball claim that research on their part has confirmed that the dog Pickles was born
after the game had already been named. [6]
Jennifer Lucore and Beverly Youngren, authors of the book, History of Pickleball: More
than 50 Years of Fun!, say that they could not conclusively determine whether the game
was named for the dog or the dog was named for the game. [7] They did, however,
discover a third possibility: Bill Bell claimed that he had named the game because he
enjoyed hitting the ball in a way that would put his opponent in a pickle. [8]
Shortly after the game was invented, some of its inventors founders and their friends
brought pickleball to Hawaii, where the game became known as pukaball. Puka,
meaning “hole” in Hawaiian, was at first used to refer to the ball, since pickleballs have
numerous holes, and then started to be used to refer to the game itself. [9]

History[edit]

Aerial view of six pickleball courts with two tennis courts in the background

Invention of the game[edit]

When Pritchard and Bell returned from golf one Saturday afternoon in 1965, they found
their families bored.[10] They had attempted to set up badminton, but no one could find
the shuttlecock. Pritchard and Bell challenged their kids to devise their own game. The
adults and kids ended up at the badminton court and began experimenting with different
balls and rackets, including table tennis paddles. The 5-foot (1.5-metre) badminton net
was eventually lowered to hip level to accommodate driving the ball. [11]
Initially, a Wiffle ball was thought to be the ideal ball, but later the Cosom Fun Ball was
found to be more durable and provided a better playing experience. [12] The table tennis
paddles were quickly replaced with larger, more durable plywood paddles fabricated in
a nearby shed.[4][13][5] McCallum continued to experiment with various paddle designs in
his father's Seattle basement workshop.[14] One paddle, he called the "M2", or McCallum
2, became the paddle of choice for most early players of the game. [15]
Pickle Ball, Inc.[edit]
Soon after its creation, pickleball became popular with local neighbors and relatives of
the inventors. In 1968 Pritchard, along with McCallum's son David and two other friends,
formed Pickle Ball, Inc.[16] The company filed its first annual report in 1972,[17] around the
same time they trademarked the name Pickle-ball.[18] The company manufactured
wooden paddles and pickleball kits to satisfy the demand for the sport. [13] Interest in
pickleball continued to grow, and spread from the Pacific Northwest into warmer areas
as "snowbirds" brought the sport south to Arizona, California, Hawaii and Florida. In
2016 Pickle Ball, Inc. was purchased by PickleballCentral.com, [19] which operates under
the corporate name Olla, LLC.
Tournaments[edit]
A 1976 tournament held at the Southcenter Athletic Club in Tukwila, Washington, is
credited with being the first formal pickleball tournament. It was billed as "The World's
First Pickleball Championship" by Joel Pritchard and received a mention in the July
1976 edition of Tennis magazine.[20] The United States Amateur Pickleball
Association (U.S.A.P.A.) was formed in 1984, which is when they published the first
official rulebook for the sport and held the first National Doubles Championships
in Tacoma, Washington. By 1990 the sport was being played in all 50 states. [21] In 2001
pickleball was included as a demonstration sport in the Arizona Senior Olympics (ASO)
with 100 participants. The pickleball tournament was held at the Happy Trails RV Resort
in Surprise, Arizona, and within five years included 275 participants. The inclusion of
pickleball in the ASO was seen as a significant contributor to the growth of tournaments
in the United States.[22]
The U.S. Pickleball National Championships are held near Palm Springs, California, and
co-hosted by Larry Ellison, co-founder and CEO of Oracle and owner of the Indian
Wells Tennis Garden, where they have been played since 2018. [23] They had been
previously played in Arizona, from 2009 to 2017. The tournament has the oversight of
the U.S.A Pickleball Association; itself reincorporated with an updated rule book in 2005
after its foundation in 1984.[24][25] The U.S. Open Pickleball Championships are played in
another hub of pickleball, Naples, Florida, and started in 2016.[26] Estimates for active
players grew to 3.3 million in 2019 up 10% from 2016. [27] As of 2021, there were 58
member countries overseen by the International Federation of Pickleball.[28] As of
2022 there are over 8000 pickleball locations in the United States. [29]
Official recognition[edit]
State Senator John Lovick proposed a bill making pickleball the official sport of
Washington state in 2021. Pickleball was then named the official state sport of
Washington in 2022 by the state legislature. On March 28, 2022, the legislation was
signed by Governor Jay Inslee on the original Pritchard family court where the sport was
invented.[30][31]
Growth of the sport[edit]
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Since its inception, the number of people playing pickleball has grown each year, and
after 2010 pickleball started being mentioned as one of the fastest-growing sports in the
United States. Starting in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic is thought to have boosted the
sport's growth as people sought alternatives to indoor activities. [10][32] In 2021 and 2022
the Sports and Fitness Industry Association (SFIA) officially reported that pickleball had
become the fastest growing sport in the United States two years in a row. [33] Over those
years the number of players increased almost 40% to 4.8 million players. Some
estimates predict there could be as many as 40 million players by the decade's end. [34]
NBA player LeBron James, retired NFL quarterback Drew Brees, and
entrepreneur Gary Vaynerchuk have all made investments in professional pickleball
teams, spreading exposure of the sport. [35][36]
The growth of pickleball has been attributed to several factors, including; [37]

 A new player can start enjoying the sport at the first introduction
 People of varying ages and physical abilities can enjoy the game together
 The sport is relatively inexpensive to start playing if a public court is available
 A strong social aspect has developed within the sport
 Experience in other racket sports can easily transfer to pickleball
 Competitive players find the strategic aspects of the sport an exciting challenge
In addition, installing new outdoor courts is relatively inexpensive compared to other
racket sports. A single tennis court requires over three times as much space and
construction material as a pickleball court. Unused tennis courts can easily be
converted to multiple pickleball courts or be marked for dual use. These cost factors are
desirable to local Parks and Recreation departments.

Court and equipment[edit]

Dimensions of a pickleball court

A pickleball paddle with one 26–hole pickleball (blue) and one 40–hole pickleball (yellow)

Court[edit]
The regulation size of the court is 20 feet (6.1 m) by 44 feet (13 m) for both doubles and
singles, the same size as a doubles badminton court. A line seven feet from the net is
the non-volley line. Twenty-two feet from the net, the baseline marks the outer boundary
of the playing area. The area bounded by the non-volley line, the sidelines, and the net,
including the lines, is known as the non-volley zone or "kitchen". The area between the
non-volley line and the baseline is the service court. A center line divides the service
court into left and right sides.[38] Regulated tournaments and games are usually played
on a specialized polyurethane sport surface; however, courts are often set up on
concrete, Astroturf, and indoor basketball courts. [39]
Net[edit]
The net is 36 inches (0.91 m) high on the ends and 34 inches (0.86 m) high at the
center. The net posts should be 22 feet (6.7 m) from the inside of one post to the inside
of the other post.[40]
Ball[edit]
A Wiffle ball was the original ball used when the game was invented. USA Pickleball
(USAP) and the International Federation of Pickleball (IFP) have since adopted specific
ball standards unique to pickleball. Balls must be made of a durable molded material
with a smooth surface and must have between 26 and 40 evenly spaced circular holes.
They must weigh between .78 and .935 ounces (22.1 and 26.5 g) and measure
between 2.87 and 2.97 inches (73 and 75 mm) in diameter. Tournaments sanctioned by
the USAP and IFP must choose from a list of preapproved balls found on the USAP and
IFP websites.[41]
Balls with smaller holes are generally used for outdoor play to minimize the effects of
wind, but any sanctioned ball can be used for either indoor or outdoor play. [25]
Paddle[edit]
For sanctioned games, USAP and IFP paddle size standards say the combined length
and width of the paddle shall not exceed 24 inches (0.61 m); the length cannot exceed
17 inches (0.43 m).[42] There are no requirements regarding thickness or weight. The
paddle must be made of a noncompressible material, and the surface of the paddle
must be smooth with no texturing. Paddles used in sanctioned tournaments must be on
the list of preapproved paddles found on the USAP and IFP websites. [43]

Order of play[edit]
Service in

Service out

Any equitable method for determining which team or player will serve first and which
side of the net each team or player will be on is acceptable.
Announcing the score and serving[edit]
The score is announced before each serve by the official overseeing the match. If a
match is not officiated, the server announces the score.
Doubles: The score has three parts; the serving team’s score, the receiving team’s
score, and the server number, a "1" or "2" that indicates whether the server is the
serving team′s first or second server. The first server of the game is always considered
the serving team's second server and may call the server number "start" or "2". The
starting score in doubles is announced as "zero zero two".
Singles: The score only has two parts; the serving player's score and the receiving
player′s score. The starting score in singles is always announced as "zero zero".
The first starting server of the game initiates the first serve of the game from their
team's right service court, also called the even service court. Serves are always served
to the diagonal crosscourt of their opponent. The diagonal crosscourt of one team's right
service court is also the other team's right service court. The converse is true for the left,
or odd, service court.
Two-bounce rule[edit]
A serve must land in the diagonal service court on the opponent's side of the net (see
"service in" diagram). The serve receiver must allow the ball to bounce once before
returning the ball to the server′s side of the net. Once the receiver has returned the ball
over the net, the serving side must also allow the ball to bounce once before returning
the ball to the non-serving side. This is known as the two-bounce rule.[44]
After the first two returns, either side may volley the ball—that is, return it before it
bounces. The ball can never bounce more than once before it is returned. No player
may volley the ball while standing in the non-volley zone or touching any of the lines
around the non-volley zone.
Remainder of play[edit]

A pickleballer preparing to return the ball using a backhand stroke

A server continues to serve, alternating between the right and left service courts until
their team commits a fault.
Doubles: At the beginning of a doubles game, the side serving first is only allowed one
fault before their side is "out", called a side-out, and the serve passes to their opponent.
After the first side-out of the game, each team is allowed two faults before a side-out is
called, allowing each of the players on a doubles team to serve before the serve passes
to the other team. A team's second server must continue alternating between the right
and left service courts from wherever their partner left off. For example, if their partner's
last serve was from the right service court, the second server must start serving on the
left service court. After a side-out, the first serve is always initiated from the right
serving area.
Singles: A side-out is called each time the serving side commits a fault. If the serving
player's score is zero or even, they must serve from the right, or even, service court;
otherwise, they must serve from the left, or odd, service court. Depending on the current
score, the first serve after a side-out can be from either the right or left service court.
The first side scoring 11 points, leading by at least two points, wins the game.
[45]
 Tournament games may be played to 11, 15 or 21 points with players rotating sides at
6, 8 or 11 total points respectively.
Manner of play[edit]
The score[edit]
Pickleball utilizes side-out scoring, meaning only the serving side may score a point.
The serving team earns one point each time the non-serving team commits a fault.
Neither team earns a point when the serving team commits a fault. Since the score is
always called as the serving side's score followed by the receiving side's score, the two
scores are reversed whenever a side-out occurs. For example, if a doubles team faults
when the score is "five three two" (two indicating the second server), the other team
becomes the new serving team, and the score is stated as "three five one".
The serve[edit]
When serving, the server must be behind the baseline on one side of the center line and
serve the ball to the opponent's diagonal service court. Two types of serves are
permitted, a volley serve or a drop serve.

 Volley serve: When the server's paddle strikes a ball without the ball contacting the
ground, it must be served with an underarm stroke so that contact with the ball is
made below the waist in an upward arc and the highest point on the paddle head
must be below the wrist. In 2022 the USAPA announced a rule change, that as of
2023 imparting spin onto the ball during its release from the hand (known as the
'spin serve') will be banned.[46]
 Drop serve: When a ball is dropped to the ground and allowed to bounce before the
server's paddle strikes it, the ball cannot be tossed or impelled by the server in any
way. The ball can bounce more than once before being hit, and unlike the volley
serve, there are no restrictions on how the player must hit the ball. [47]
Player positioning[edit]
Besides the server, there are no rules dictating where each player must stand when the
serve is initiated, but serve receivers usually start behind the baseline until they know
where the serve will bounce. The receiver's partner usually starts near the kitchen line.
The server's partner usually stays behind the baseline with the server until they know
where the first service return will bounce. Some doubles partners use a strategy
called stacking to ensure each partner can quickly move to the most advantageous side
of the court, based on each partner's skill set, after each serve and/or service return. [48]
Each player must remember their game starting position when serving and returning a
serve. The wrong player serving, serving from the wrong side of the court, or returning a
serve, are all faults.
Doubles: A team's score should always be an even number when their starting server is
serving from the right service court, and an odd number when serving from the left
service court. The reverse is true for a team's non-starting server.
Singles: In singles, a server's score will always be even (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10...) when
serving from the right service court and odd (1, 3, 5, 7, 9...) when serving from the left
service court.[40]: A-15 
The non-volley zone[edit]
No player may volley a ball while standing in the non-volley zone or touching any of the
lines around the non-volley zone. A player may enter the non-volley zone to play a ball
that has bounced and may stay there to play other balls that bounce, [40]: A-22  but the player
must re-establish both feet outside the non-volley zone before playing a volley. The
non-volley zone is the highlighted area and numbered lines shown in the "Service out"
diagram.
The rally and fault[edit]
After the serve, a rally continues until one side commits a fault resulting in a dead ball.
[49]
 In non-refereed matches, players are responsible for making line calls on their side of
the net. If there is any doubt about whether the ball is out or in, the call should be made
in favor of the opponent.[50]
Faults include:

 the wrong server serves the ball or serves from the wrong side of the court
 either of the server's feet steps over or touch the baseline or are outside the
imaginary extensions of the centerline or sideline
 not hitting the serve into the opponent's diagonal service court
 the wrong receiver returns the ball
 volleying the ball when returning a serve
 volleying the ball when returning the first service return
 not hitting the ball beyond the net
 not hitting the ball before it bounces twice on one side of the net
 hitting the ball lands out of bounds (outside the court lines)
 stepping into the non-volley zone, or touching the non-volley line, in the act of
volleying the ball
 touching the net with any part of the body, clothing, paddle, or assistance device

Professional pickleball[edit]
The popularity of pickleball has spurred the growth of investors and sponsors. As a
result, two pro pickleball tours were independently formed in 2019, and a professional
pickleball league was formed in 2021. [51]
Association of Pickleball Professionals[edit]
The Association of Pickleball Professionals (APP) was formed by Ken Herrmann, who
aligned his tour with USA Pickleball (USAP), the governing body of pickleball in the
United States. All games are sanctioned by USAP and must abide by USAP rules. [51] The
2022 APP Tour includes 32 tournaments in five countries and has attracted an average
of 800 players in each tournament. Total prize money is expected to be $2 million. [52]
Professional Pickleball Association[edit]
The Professional Pickleball Association (PPA) was formed by Connor Pardoe and
based in Draper, Utah. Desiring independence to shape the tour to his liking, Pardoe did
not align with USAP. Initially, the PPA required all players to sign a one–year exclusivity
contract, preventing PPA players from participating in any non-PPA tours. In late
2021 Thomas Dundon purchased the PPA and extended the exclusivity contracts to 3
years. Pardoe remained CEO of the PPA Tour.[51] The 2022 PPA Tour is expected to
include 20 tournaments with total prize money of $2.5 million. [53]
Major League Pickleball[edit]
The Major League Pickleball (MLP) organization was formed in 2021 by Steve Kuhn
in Dripping Springs, Texas.[51] In its first year, the League consisted of 8 teams and
included both APP and PPA players. The second year expanded to 12 teams, but the
PPA no longer allowed their players to participate in the League. Each team consists of
two men and two women. Team members are chosen by a dual snake draft designed to
make teams as competitive as possible.[54] Three separate competitions are scheduled
for 2022, and the winning team at each competition will win $25,000 for each team
member. The winning team is also awarded the Pritchard Cup. The league will expand
to 16 teams in 2023, with NFL quarterbacks Tom Brady and Patrick Mahomes, tennis
player Naomi Osaka,[55] and NBA players LeBron James, Kevin Durant, Draymond
Green, and Kevin Love buying expansion teams.[56][57][58]
Pickleball world records[edit]
The only documented Pickleball endurance record was in 2011 & 2012 by Justin
Lawrence & Jeffrey Baker of New Port Richey, Florida. It was performed at the New
Port Richey Recreation & Aquatic Center, In Pasco County, Florida. Both were
employees of the rec center and wanted to find a way to grow the sport locally.
Lawrence is a multi-sport athlete who was focusing on endurance and OCR events at
the time, with no real racquet sport experience. Baker is also a multi-sport athlete with
some ping-pong and tennis experience. Both years the duo played for over 24-hours
consecutively. Due to paperwork & processing errors, Guinness World Records did not
recognize the record, so World Record Academy stepped in and verified the record
along with Pasco County giving them an official resolution. [59] [60][61]

United States status[edit]

As of 2022 there were an estimated 4.8 million pickle ball players in the United States, a
14.8% increase over the previous year, with 10,724 playing locations registered with
USA Pickleball.[62]

International status[edit]
Pickleball is not an Olympic sporting event[63] and is not yet represented in the Global
Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF).[64] There are two pickleball
federations with multiple national members, the International Federation of
Pickleball (IFP) and the World Pickleball Federation (WPF). [51] Both the IFP and WPF are
pursuing efforts to have pickleball featured as an Olympic sport, possibly as
a demonstration sport. The IFP is specifically working towards the Paris 2024 or Los
Angeles 2028 summer games.[65][66] An article by Sports Illustrated concluded the game
would not likely be seen at the Olympics before 2032. [51]
Pickleball was accepted as a demonstration sport at the July 2022 Maccabiah Games,
considered the third largest sporting event in the world. This marked the first time
pickleball appeared at an event sanctioned by the International Olympic Committee.[67]
International Federation of Pickleball[edit]
Main article: International Federation of Pickleball

The IFP was established in 2010 by the USA Pickleball Association to serve as the
World Governing Body of pickleball. The IFP had 63 national members as of July 2022.
[68]
 The IFP had 70 member nations at the end of March 2022, but a conflict in the
organization resulted in 7 of 8 full member nations, and 2 associate member nations,
withdrawing, including USA Pickleball.[69]
The annual Bainbridge Cup, named for the island where pickleball was invented, was
established by the IFP in 2017. It became the sport's first intercontinental team event.
The inaugural event was held in Madrid, Spain and pitted North
America against Europe. The winning team earns the Bainbridge Cup trophy. [70] Both the
2020 and 2021 Bainbridge Cup team competitions were canceled due to the COVID-19
pandemic.
World Pickleball Federation[edit]
The WPF was established in 2018 and had 37 member nations as of November 2022.
Part of the WPF's stated mission is to "govern the infrastructure of pickleball". The WPF
declared October 10 of each year World Pickleball Day and set the goal of introducing
10,000 new players to the game of pickleball every October 10. [71]
The World Pickleball Games were first announced by the WPF in 2021 and are
intended to serve as a format for possible future Olympic games. [72] The inaugural World
Pickleball Games had been scheduled for May 2022 in Austin, Texas,[66] but due to on-
going impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic the games were postponed until 2023. [73]

Rule variations[edit]
As the game is relatively new, rule modifications are being made frequently. In 2021 a
rule change was made for a "net serve" so that a serve that touches the top of the net
and lands in the proper service court is no longer replayed. [74] The previous rule on a "let
serve" was borrowed from tennis, where a "let" call is always replayed.
Para pickleball[edit]
Para pickleball, sometimes called adaptive pickleball or wheelchair pickleball,[75] was
officially recognized as a competitive branch of pickleball by USA Pickleball in 2016.
Rules for those in wheelchairs are similar to the standard rules with minor modifications.
A player's wheelchair is considered part of the player's body, and all rules that apply to
the body also apply to the player's wheelchair. A pickleball player in a wheelchair is
allowed two bounces instead of one. When a player in a wheelchair is serving the ball,
they must be in a stationary position. They are then allowed one push before striking the
ball for service. When the player strikes the ball, the wheels of the wheelchair must not
touch any baseline, sideline, center line, or extended center or sideline. When a game
involves both wheelchair and standing players, each player must abide by their
respective rules. Standing players will adhere to the standing pickleball rules, and the
wheelchair players will adhere to the wheelchair pickleball rules. [38]
Professional tour rules[edit]
APP Tour games are sanctioned by USA Pickleball and follow all rules established by
USA Pickleball. The PPA Tour is not sanctioned and has chosen not to adopt some
recent rule changes for professional and senior professional matches. Non-professional
PPA Tour matches will continue to follow all rules in the USAP rulebook. The specific
rules that the PPA deviates from for professional matches are: the drop serve, the
paddle swipe or chainsaw serve, and let serves.[76]
The PPA has not instituted the drop serve and does not permit them in professional
PPA matches. New USAP rules allow a player to touch the ball with only the hand
releasing the ball, thereby making the chainsaw serve illegal in APP games. The PPA
continues to permit the chainsaw serve in professional PPA matches. Let serves that hit
the net but land in the correct service area are considered valid serves by USAP rules,
but such serves must be replayed in PPA professional matches. If a second let serve
occurs when the serve is replayed, it is a fault for PPA servers. [77]

Noise controversy[edit]
Video of a pickleball game

When the hard pickleball paddle strikes the hard ball, it produces a sharp popping
sound. The constant sound during play has generated conflict between pickleball court
owners and nearby property owners.[78] The noise, combined with the rapid rise in
pickleball's popularity, has produced an intense backlash against the sport in
communities across the United States.[79]
In September 2020, one park in the Portland metropolitan area had to institute a ban on
pickleball, despite having just installed new pickleball courts five months earlier.
Residents nearest to the pickleball courts said they could not hold conversations inside
their homes due to the noise from the pickleball courts. Despite the ban, people still
used the pickleball courts the following year. In June 2021, at a West Linn City Council
meeting, one resident said the noise resulted in family gatherings being "... wrought with
discord and physically debilitating stress." Some described the noise as "trauma-
inducing".[80]

See also[edit]

 Sports portal

 Pacific Northwest portal

  Glossary of pickleball terms  Similar sports:
 List of pickleball organizations o Jombola
 List of racket sports o Paddle tennis, also called Pop tennis
 List of U.S. state sports o Padel
o Pitton
o Platform tennis

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Bibliography[edit]
 Lucore, Jennifer; Youngren, Beverly (2018). History of pickleball: more than 50 years of
fun! (First ed.). Oceanside, CA: Two Picklers Press. ISBN 978-1-7320705-0-9.
 Movsessian, Richard; Baker, Joe (2018).  How to play pickleball: the complete guide from A to Z  :
illustrated stroke techniques and winning strategies. Las Vegas, Nevada. ISBN 978-1-7239-9308-
4.
 Pickleball Courts : Construction & Maintenance Manual 2020  (Second ed.). Forest Hill, MD:
American Sports Builders Association. 2017.  ISBN  978-0-9816862-3-3.
 "USA Pickleball 2022 Rulebook"  (PDF). USA Pickleball. 2022. Retrieved  May 31, 2022.
External links[edit]

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