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Triangle Notes

A triangle is a three-sided closed figure. There are three types of triangles based on side lengths: scalene (all sides different), isosceles (two sides equal), and equilateral (all sides equal). There are also three types based on angles: acute (all angles less than 90 degrees), obtuse (one angle greater than 90 degrees), and right (one 90 degree angle). Triangles are congruent if corresponding sides and angles are equal. The criteria for congruence are SAS, ASA, AAS, SSS, and RHS. Properties of triangles include relationships between side lengths and angles, as well as the triangle inequality stating the sum of any two sides must be greater than the third

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Himanshu Jethwani
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120 views

Triangle Notes

A triangle is a three-sided closed figure. There are three types of triangles based on side lengths: scalene (all sides different), isosceles (two sides equal), and equilateral (all sides equal). There are also three types based on angles: acute (all angles less than 90 degrees), obtuse (one angle greater than 90 degrees), and right (one 90 degree angle). Triangles are congruent if corresponding sides and angles are equal. The criteria for congruence are SAS, ASA, AAS, SSS, and RHS. Properties of triangles include relationships between side lengths and angles, as well as the triangle inequality stating the sum of any two sides must be greater than the third

Uploaded by

Himanshu Jethwani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Triangle

A closed figure with three sides is called a Triangle. It has three


vertex, sides and Angles.

Types of Triangle
1. There are three types of triangles on the basis of the length of
the sides.
Name of
Property Image
Triangle

Scalene Length of all sides are different

Isosceles Length of two sides are equal

Equilateral Length of all three sides are equal

2. There are three types of triangles on the basis of angles.


Name of
Property Image
Triangle

All the three angles are less than


Acute
90°

Obtuse One angle is greater than 90°

Right One angle is equal to 90°

Congruence
If the shape and size of two figures are same then these are
called Congruent.
1. Two circles are congruent if their radii are same.

2. Two squares are congruent if their sides are equal.

Congruence of Triangles
A triangle will be congruent if its corresponding sides and angles
are equal.
The symbol of congruent is “≅”.

AB = DE, BC = EF, AC = DF
m∠A = m∠D, m∠B = m∠E, m∠C = m∠F
Here ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF
Criteria for Congruence of Triangles
S.No. Rule Meaning Figure
If the two sides and
the including angle
SAS (Side-
of one triangle is
Angle-Side)
1. equal to another
Congruence
triangle then they are
rule
called congruent
triangles.
If the two angles and
ASA (Angle- the including side of
Side-Angle) one triangle is equal
2.
Congruence to another triangle
rule then they are called
congruent triangles.
3. AAS (Angle- If any two pairs of
Angle-Side) angles and a pair of
Congruence the corresponding
rule side is equal in two
triangles then these
are called congruent
triangles.
If all the three sides
of a triangle are
SSS (Side-
equal with the three
Side-Side)
4. corresponding sides
Congruence
of another triangle
rule
then these are called
congruent triangles.
RHS (Right If there are two right-
angle- angled triangles then
Hypotenuse- they will be
5.
Side) congruent if their
Congruence hypotenuse and any
rule one side are equal. 
Remark
1. SSA and ASS do not show the congruency of triangles.
2. AAA is also not the right condition to prove that the triangles
are congruent.
Example
Find the ∠P, ∠R, ∠N and ∠M if ∆LMN ≅ ∆PQR.
Solution
If ∆ LMN ≅ ∆PQR, then
∠L=∠P
∠M =∠Q
∠N =∠R
So,
∠L=∠P = 105°
∠M =∠Q = 45°
∠M + ∠N + ∠L = 180° (Sum of three angles of a triangle is 180°)
45° + 105° + ∠N = 180°
∠N = 180°- 45° + 105°
∠N = 30°
∠N = ∠R = 30°
Some Properties of a Triangle
If a triangle has two equal sides then it is called an Isosceles
Triangle.
1. Two angles opposite to the two equal sides of an isosceles
triangle are also equal.
2. Two sides opposite to the equal angles of the isosceles triangle
are also equal. This is the converse of the above theorem.
Inequalities in a Triangle

Theorem 1: In a given triangle if two sides are


unequal then the angle opposite to the longer side will be larger.
a > b, if and only if ∠A > ∠B
Longer sides correspond to larger angles.
Theorem 2: In the given triangle, the side opposite to the larger
angle will always be longer. This is the converse of above
theorem.
Theorem 3: The sum of any two sides of a triangle will always be
greater than the third side.
Example
Show whether the inequality theorem is applicable to this triangle
or not?

Solution
The three sides are given as 7, 8 and 9.
According to inequality theorem, the sum of any two sides of a
triangle will always be greater than the third side.
Let’s check it
7+8>9
8+9>7
9+7>8
This shows that this theorem is applicable to all the triangles
irrespective of the type of triangle.

Congruent Triangles
In a pair of triangles if all three corresponding sides and three
corresponding angles are exactly equal, then the triangles are
said to be congruent.

In congruent triangles, the corresponding parts are equal and are


written as CPCT (Corresponding part of the congruent triangle).
Criteria for Congruency
The following are the criteria for the congruency of the triangles.
SSS Criteria for Congruency

 If three sides of one triangle are equal to the three sides of


another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
 If all sides are exactly the same, then their corresponding
angles must also be exactly the same.
SAS Criteria for Congruency
– Axiom: Two triangles are congruent if two sides and
the included angle of one triangle are equal to the corresponding
sides and the included angle of the other triangle.
ASA Criteria for Congruency
– Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side
of one triangle are equal to the corresponding two angles and the
included side of the other triangle

An included side is 4cm


AAS Criteria for Congruency
– Two triangles are said to be congruent to each other if two
angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to two
angles and the included side of the other triangle.
Why SSA and AAA congruency rules are not valid?
 SSA or ASS test is not a valid test for congruency as the
angle is not included between the pairs of equal sides.-
 The AAA test also is not a valid test as even though 2
triangles can have all three same angles, the sides can be of
differing lengths. This becomes a test for similarity (AA).

Angles of a triangle
RHS Criteria for Congruency

 If in two right triangles the hypotenuse and one side of one


triangle are equal to the hypotenuse and one side of the
other triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
 RHS stands for Right angle – Hypotenuse – Side.
Properties of Isosceles triangle
– If 2 sides of the triangle are equal, the angles opposite those
sides are also equal and vice versa.
Criteria for Congruency of triangles
– The criteria for congruency of triangles are :
 SAS
 ASA

 AAS

 SSS

 RHS

symbolically, it is expressed as ΔABC≅ΔXYZ


Inequalities in Triangles
Relationship between unequal sides of the triangle and the angles
opposite to it.
– If 2 sides of a triangle are unequal, then the angle opposite to
the longer side will be larger than the angle opposite to the
shorter side.
Triangle inequality
– The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle must be
greater than the third side.

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