Weather Forecasting

Computer Science Engineering

Project Supervisor/Guide Name

2002200109001 Aloka Das
2002200109009 Karan
2002200109015 Raj

Hi-Tech Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad.

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow
January 2023
ABSTRACT
Weather forecasting is the
application of science and
technology to predict
the state of the
atmosphere for a given
location.Ancient weather
forecasting
methods usually relied on
observed patterns of
events, also termed pattern
recognition. For example, it
might be observed that if the
sunset was particularly
red, the following day
often brought fair
weather.However, not all
of these
predictions prove reliable.
Here this system will
predict weather based on
parameters such as
temperature, humidity and
wind. User will enter current
temperature; humidity and
wind, System will take this
parameter and will predict
weather(rainfall in inches)
from previous data in
database(dataset). The role of
the admin is to add previous
weather data in database, so
that system will calculate
weather(estimated rainfall in
inches) based on these data.
Weather forecasting system
takes parameters such as
temperature, humidity, and
wind and will forecast
weather based on previous
record therefore this prediction
will prove reliable. This system
can be used in Air
Traffic, Marine, Agriculture,
Forestry, Military, and Navy
etc.
ABSTRACT
Weather forecasting is the
application of science and
technology to predict
the state of the
atmosphere for a given
location.Ancient weather
forecasting
methods usually relied on
observed patterns of
events, also termed pattern
recognition. For example, it
might be observed that if the
sunset was particularly
red, the following day
often brought fair
weather.However, not all
of these
predictions prove reliable.
Here this system will
predict weather based on
parameters such as
temperature, humidity and
wind. User will enter current
temperature; humidity and
wind, System will take this
parameter and will predict
weather(rainfall in inches)
from previous data in
database(dataset). The role of
the admin is to add previous
weather data in database, so
that system will calculate
weather(estimated rainfall in
inches) based on these data.
Weather forecasting system
takes parameters such as
temperature, humidity, and
wind and will forecast
weather based on previous
record therefore this prediction
will prove reliable. This system
can be used in Air
Traffic, Marine, Agriculture,
Forestry, Military, and Navy
etc.
ABSTRACT
Weather forecasting is the
application of science and
technology to predict
the state of the
atmosphere for a given
location.Ancient weather
forecasting
methods usually relied on
observed patterns of
events, also termed pattern
recognition. For example, it
might be observed that if the
sunset was particularly
red, the following day
often brought fair
weather.However, not all
of these
predictions prove reliable.
Here this system will
predict weather based on
parameters such as
temperature, humidity and
wind. User will enter current
temperature; humidity and
wind, System will take this
parameter and will predict
weather(rainfall in inches)
from previous data in
database(dataset). The role of
the admin is to add previous
weather data in database, so
that system will calculate
weather(estimated rainfall in
inches) based on these data.
Weather forecasting system
takes parameters such as
temperature, humidity, and
wind and will forecast
weather based on previous
record therefore this prediction
will prove reliable. This system
can be used in Air
Traffic, Marine, Agriculture,
Forestry, Military, and Navy
etc.
ABSTRACT

Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of
the atmosphere for a given location.Ancient weather forecasting methods usually relied on
observed patterns of events, also termed pattern recognition. For example, it might be
observed that if the sunset was particularly red, the following day often brought fair
weather.However, not all of these predictions prove reliable.

Here this system will predict weather based on parameters such as temperature,
humidity and wind. User will enter current temperature; humidity and wind, System will take
this parameter and will predict weather(rainfall in inches) from previous data in
database(dataset). The role of the admin is to add previous weather data in database, so that
system will calculate weather(estimated rainfall in inches) based on these data. Weather
forecasting system takes parameters such as temperature, humidity, and wind and will forecast
weather based on previous record therefore this prediction will prove reliable. This system can
be used in Air Traffic, Marine, Agriculture, Forestry, Military, and Navy etc.
 1.INTRODUCTION

 Data Warehousing

Data Warehouse is electronic storage of a large amount of information by a business

which is designed for query and analysis instead of transaction processing. It is a process
of transforming data into information and making it available to users for analysis.

 Data Mining

Data mining is looking for hidden, valid, and potentially useful patterns in huge data
sets. Data Mining is all about discovering unsuspected/ previously unknown relationships
amongst the data.It is a multi-disciplinary skill that uses machine learning, statistics, AI and
database technology.

1.1. Introduction
Rainfall Prediction is the application of science and technology to predict the amount of
rainfall over a region. It is important to exactly determine the rainfall for effective use of water
resources, crop productivity and pre-planning of water structures.

In this project, we used Linear Regression to predict the amount of rainfall. Linear Regression
tells us how many inches of rainfall we can expect.

1.2 Problem Definition

It is important to exactly determine the rainfall for effective use of water resources, crop
productivity and pre-planning of water structures.

1.3 Scope
It tells us how many inches of rainfall we can expect.
1.4 Purpose
There are several reasons why weather forecasts are important. They would certainly be
missed if they were not there. It is a product of science that impacts the lives of many people.
The following is a list of various reasons why weather forecasts are important:

1. Helps people prepare for how to dress (i.e. warm weather, cold weather, windy weather,
rainy weather)
2. Helps businesses and people plan for power production and how much power to use (i.e.
power companies, where to set thermostat)
3. Helps people prepare if they need to take extra gear to prepare for the weather (i.e.
umbrella, rain coat, sun screen)
4. Helps people plan outdoor activities (i.e. to see if rain/storms/cold weather will impact
outdoor event)
5. Helps curious people to know what sort of weather can be expected (i.e. a snow on the way,
severe storms)
6. Helps businesses plan for transportation hazards that can result from the weather (i.e. fog,
snow, ice, storms, clouds as it relates to driving and flying for example)
7. Helps people with health related issues to plan the day (i.e. allergies, asthma, heat stress)
8. Helps businesses and people plan for severe weather and other weather hazards (lightning,
hail, tornadoes, hurricanes, ice storms)
9. Helps farmers and gardeners plan for crop irrigation and protection (irrigation scheduling,
freeze protection).
1.5 Problem and Existing Technology

The traditional forecast process employed by most NMHSs involves forecasters producing
text-based, sensible, weather-element forecast products (e.g. maximum/minimum temperature,
cloud cover) using numerical weather prediction (NWP) output as guidance. The process is
typically schedule-driven, product-oriented and labour-intensive. Over the last decade,
technological advances and scientific breakthroughs have allowed NMHSs’
hydrometeorological forecasts and warnings to become much more specific and accurate.

As computer technology and high-speed dissemination systems evolved (e.g. Internet),

National Weather Service (NWS) customers/partners were demanding detailed forecasts in
gridded, digital and graphic formats. Traditional NWS text forecast products limit the amount
of additional information that can be conveyed to the user community. The concept of digital
database forecasting provides the capability to meet customer/partner demands for more
accurate, detailed hydrometeorological forecasts. Digital database forecasting also offers one
of the most exciting opportunities to integrate PWS forecast dissemination and service
delivery, which most effectively serves the user community.

1.6 Proposed System

User will enter current temperature; humidity and wind, System will take this parameter and
will predict weather from previous data in database. The role of the admin is to add previous
weather data in database, so that system will calculate weather based on these data. Weather
forecasting system takes parameters such as temperature, humidity, and wind and will forecast
weather based on previous record therefore this prediction will prove reliable.
 2.REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Platform Requirements
Hardwar
e/ Hardware / Software element Specification /version
Software
Hardwar Processor i3
e RAM 2GB
Hard Disk 250GB
Software OS Windows,Linux.

2.2. Modules Description

In this project we have Two modules
1) Data gathering and pre - processing.

2) Applying Algorithm for prediction.

Explanation:
1) In this module we first gather the data(dataset) for our prediction model.Data comes in all
forms, most of it being very messy and unstructured. They rarely come ready to use. Datasets,
large and small, come with a variety of issues- invalid fields, missing and additional values,
and values that are in forms different from the one we require. In order to bring it to workable
or structured form, we need to “clean” our data, and make it ready to use. Some common
cleaning includes parsing, converting to one-hot, removing unnecessary data, etc.

In our case, our data has some days where some factors weren’t recorded. And the rainfall in
cm was marked as T if there was trace precipitation. Our algorithm requires numbers, so we
can’t work with alphabets popping up in our data. so we need to clean the data before
applying it on our model.

2)Once the data is cleaned, In this module that cleaned data can be used as an input to our
Linear regression model. Linear regression is a linear approach to form a relationship between
a dependent variable and many independent explanatory variables. This is done by plotting a
line that fits our scatter plot the best, ie, with the least errors. This gives value predictions, ie,
how much,  by substituting the independent values in the line equation.

We will use Scikit-learn’s linear regression model to train our dataset. Once the model is
trained, we can give our own inputs for the various columns such as temperature, dew point,
pressure, etc. to predict the weather based on these attributes.
 3.CONCLUSION
We successfully predicted the rainfall using the linear regression but here this is not very
accurate only some times any way it depends upon the climate changes to season to
season.Here we are taking only summer season weather data set it only useful to predict
rainfall in summer season.

4.REFERENCES
Textbooks:-

1. Data Mining: The Textbook 2015 Edition, Kindle Editionby Charu C. Aggarwal .

2. Data Mining: Concepts and TechniquesBy Jiawei Han, Jian Pei, Micheline Kamber.

Weblinks:-