Growth and Yield Analysis of Berseem (Trifolium Management Practices in Chhattisgarh Plains

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The Pharma Innovation Journal 2023; 12(3): 4281-4284

ISSN (E): 2277-7695


ISSN (P): 2349-8242
NAAS Rating: 5.23 Growth and yield analysis of berseem (Trifolium
TPI 2023; 12(3): 4281-4284
© 2023 TPI alexandrinum L.) genotypes under different cutting
www.thepharmajournal.com
Received: 01-12-2022 management practices in Chhattisgarh plains
Accepted: 05-01-2023

Rahul Kumar Jaiswal Rahul Kumar Jaiswal, SK Jha, DK Chandrakar and Anjali Patel
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of
Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Krishi
Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Abstract
Chhattisgarh, India A field experiment was laid out during the winter season of 2019 at 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Instructional
cum Research Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh to study the effect of
SK Jha cutting management practices on growth and yield of different berseem varieties. The experiment
Principal scientist Department of comprised five varieties viz., JB-1, JB-5, BB-2, BB-3 and Wardan and four cutting management practices
Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Krishi viz., one cut at 60 DAS + seed (last cut at 15th January), two cut at 60 and 90 DAS + seed (last cut at 15th
Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, February), three cut at 60, 90 and 120 DAS + seed (last cut at 15th March) and no cut seed to seed were
Chhattisgarh, India
arranged in split plot design and replicated trice. The result showed that various growth parameters like
dry weight of plant, number of tillers plant-1 and number of nodules plant-1found higher in variety JB-1,
DK Chandrakar
Principal scientist Department of
while some parameter viz., fresh weight of plant and leaf: stem ratio were found to be best in variety JB-
Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Krishi 5. Growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves plant-1 were found to be performed best in no
Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, cut treatment, fresh and dry weight were recorded higher under one cut while number of tillers plant -1 and
Chhattisgarh, India number of nodules plant-1 were found superior with two cut treatment. Most of the yield parameters were
found to be performed as best in variety JB-1 and when crop is grown only for seed purpose.
Anjali Patel Significantly the highest total green fodder yield (243.9 q ha-1), seed (4.83 q ha-1) and straw yield (47.10
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of q ha-1) was recorded with variety JB-1 over other varieties. Regarding number of cuts the highest total
Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Krishi green fodder yield (384.0 q ha-1) was produced from three fodder cut along with seed production while
Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, the seed (6.94 q ha-1) and straw yields (69.47 q ha-1) were recorded the maximum under no cut, where
Chhattisgarh, India only seed production was taken. The highest fodder yield (392.4 q ha-1) was produced from the
combination of berseem variety Wardan X three cut while the seed (7.36 q ha-1) and straw yields (69.47 q
ha-1) of berseem were produced from the variety JB-1 when no cut was made for fodder.

Keywords: Berseem, cutting, fodder yield, interactions, variety

Introduction
Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is one of the most important leguminous forages in the
Mediterranean region and in the Middle-East. It is a fast-growing high quality forage mainly
cut and fed as green chopped forage. The berseem fodder is highly palatable due to its
succulence and is also highly nutritious having 20% crude protein and 62% total digestible
nutrients, 35- 38% acid detergent fiber, 24- 25% cellulose and 7- 10% hemicelluloses which
increases the milching capacity of livestock. It is mostly grown as multipurpose crop such as
for hay, forage and grains, with the grains often stored for planting next year (Dost et al.,
2014) [4]. Cutting is very important practice for increasing the forage as well as seed yield of
berseem (Mukherjee and Mandal, 2000) [9] due to the extra ordinary regenerative power and
gives several cuttings during its growing season. However, delay in foliage cutting time may
decrease seed yield and quality of the berseem, as very little time is available for seed setting.
Low seed yields are also due to the lack of proper cutting management of foliage. All these
factors lead to acute shortage of the seed of berseem. So, an understanding of optimum date of
last foliage cut is essential for quality seed production. New varieties are also needed to assess
for high seed production under Chhattisgarh condition to the short for a berseem seed in the
state and this is why we can find out the way to reduce the dependency of better seed from
Egypt and other countries. Therefore, in this present study we are going to validate the fodder
Corresponding Author:
and seed production technology of different cultivars with cutting management practices for
Rahul Kumar Jaiswal Chhattisgarh state. This study may help seed producing agencies, state fodder seed production
Ph.D. Scholar, Department of chain and framers towards self-sufficiency on berseem.
Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Krishi
Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur,
Chhattisgarh, India
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Material and Methods interactions of variety Wardan with three cut (392.4 q ha-1)
An experiment was laid out for two consecutive season of (Table 1). Godara et al., 2016 [6] and Devi and Satpal, 2019 [2]
Rabi during 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Instructional cum also reported genotypic variations among genotypes for
research farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur fodder yields and quality. Total green and dry fodder yields
Chhattisgarh, situated in 21º16’ N latitude, 81º36’ E consistently increased with each delay in last cut for fodder
longitudes and 298 m mean sea-level). The experimental soil from January to March might be owing to prolonged period
was clayey (Vertisols) locally known as Kanhar, neutral for vegetative growth, enhanced growth rate, which resulted
reaction (pH 7.0 low available nitrogen (150.52 kg ha-1), in more number of fodder cuttings. Nandanwar et al. (1990)
medium available phosphorous (16.22 kg ha-1) and high [11]
also reported higher yields of berseem with more number
exchangeable potassium (363 kg ha-1). The experiment was of cuttings. Increase in fodder yield with delay in last cut of
laid out in split plot design (SPD) with 3 repetitions. The fodder was due to prolonged period of vegetative growth
treatment comprised five varieties viz. V1: JB-1 (Jawahar (Surinder et al., 2019) [15]. Musa et al., 2021 [10] also reported
Berseem-1), V2: JB-5 (Jawahar Berseem-5), V3: BB-2 similar results.
(Bundel Berseem-2), V4: BB-3 (Bundel Berseem–3), V5: Yield attributing parameters like head length, head diameter,
Wardan, arranged in main plot and four cutting management head weight, number of heads plant-1 and weight of seeds
viz.,C1: one cut at 60 DAS + seed (last cut at 15th January), C2: head-1 was recorded maximum with variety JB-1 among
Two cut at 60 and 90 DAS + seed (last cut at 15th February), cutting management no cut seed to seed treatment produced
C3: Three cut at 60, 90 and 120 DAS + seed (last cut at 15th maximum yield attributes (Table 1 and 2). Findings of Puri et
March and C4: No cut seed to seed were taken as subplot al. (2007) [12] also supported these results. The reduction in
treatments. Sowing was done manually by using 25 kg seed number of heads m-2, heads plant-1, head weight, head length,
ha-1 by maintaining 30 cm row to row spacing and head weight, 1000-seed weight in March cuts can be
recommended dose of fertilizer of 20:60:40 N: P2O5: K2O kg attributed to enhance in temperature and reduction in
ha-1 was applied as basal. First cut was taken at 60 days after availability of nutrients. These explanations were supported
sowing and subsequent cuts were done at 30 days interval as by Musa et al., 2021 [10].
per the treatments of berseem varieties. Influence of Significantly highest seed yield of berseem was recorded with
mentioned treatments on varieties was studied for growth variety JB-1 (4.83 q ha-1), which was found at par with
behavior, yield attributes, fodder and seed yields of berseem varieties BB-2 (4.76 q ha-1) and BB-3 (4.65 q ha-1) on basis of
cultivation and were computed and analyzed statistically two year mean. In regard to cutting management significantly
using F- test, the procedure given by Gomez and Gomez maximum seed yield (6.94 q ha-1) was recorded with no cut
(1984). Critical difference (CD) values at P=0.05 were used seed to seed treatment which was significantly superior over
to determine the significance of mean differences of other cutting management treatments however the lowest seed
treatments. yield (0.97 q ha-1) was recorded with three cuts followed by
seed production while last cut was done at 15th March.
Results and Discussion Significantly higher seed yield was produced by the
The results of experiment regarding the response of varieties combination of variety JB-1 with no cut (7.36 q ha-1) which
and cutting management toward the overall performance of was found at par with the treatment combinations of JB-5
berseem varieties revealed that various growth parameters (7.07 q ha-1), BB-3 (7.00 q ha-1) and BB-2 (6.96 q ha-1) with
like fresh weight (36.23 g plant-1), dry weight (10.09 g plant- no cut, variety JB-1 (6.92 q ha-1) and BB-2 (6.77) with one cut
1
), number of tillers plant-1 (5.98) and number of nodules at 60 days after sowing (Last cut 15 January) followed by
plant-1 (39.13) were recorded maximum in variety JB-1. seed production (Table 2 and 3). Maximum straw yield was
Growth parameters viz., plant height (88.12 cm), number of recorded with variety JB-1 (47.10 q ha-1) in mean while the
leaves plant-1 (149.54) were found to be performed best in no lowest was recorded with variety Wardan (40.64 q ha-1).
cut treatment, fresh and dry weight (46.55 and 11.75 g plant-1, However, significantly the maximum straw yield (69.47 q ha-
1
respectively) were recorded higher under one cut while ) was recorded with no cut over rest of the cutting
number of tillers plant-1 (6.17) and number of nodules plant-1 management practices. Variety BB-2 recorded significantly
(43.32) were found superior with two cut treatment (Table 1). the highest harvest index followed by varieties BB-3, JB-1
The differences in growth characters due to varieties may be and JB-5. One cut with seed harvest gave significantly higher
attributed to their inherent characteristics. Devi and Satpal, harvest index being followed by no cut and two cut (Table 2).
2019 [2] and Gaballah, 2006 [5] also described the same. A Shrivastava, 2016 observed that the Wardan variety of
significant variation in plant height, fresh weight, dry weight berseem had shown drastic reduction in seed yield with the
and number of leaves were observed when different cutting delaying in the date of last foliage cut as compared to variety
managements were practiced might be attributed to the Mescavi. Similar observation was reported by Kiyothong et
availability of more vegetative period which ultimately al., 2005 [8] in S. guianensis and Singh, 2014 in coriander. The
enhanced the growth parameters. These results corroborate low seed yields with delay in last cutting might be attributed
the findings of Dhaliwal, 1979 [3] and Bhullar, 1975 [1]. to poor regeneration, shorter span for vegetative and
The total green fodder yield of all cuts was recorded the reproductive phases, coincidence of pollination and
maximum under variety Wardan (257.4 q ha-1) during the year fertilization phase with high temperature resulting in poor
2020-21 while in the year 2021-22 and in mean highest green fertilization, embryo abortion and forced maturity. Surinder et
fodder yield was noted under variety JB-1 (233.0 and 243.9 q al., 2019 [15] believed that fewer fodder cuttings resulted in
ha-1 respectively). While the highest total green fodder yield higher seed yield owing to the availability of food reserves for
was produced from three cut i.e. 384.0 q ha-1. However, total regeneration and seed development. Taneja et al. (1990) [16]
green fodder yield recorded significantly maximum due to also obtained similar results.

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Table 1: Growth parameters (at harvest), green fodder yield and head length of berseem as influenced by different varieties and cutting
management practices
Growth parameters Yield attributes
Treatment Plant height (cm) Fresh wt. (g plant-1) Dry wt. (g plant-1) Tillers plant-1 Leaves plant-1 Nodules plant-1 Fodder yield (q ha-1) Head length (cm)
20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean
Varieties
JB-1 73.57 72.08 72.82 34.01 38.45 36.23 9.22 11.00 10.09 5.81 6.16 5.98 108.9 105.2 109.7 39.82 38.45 39.13 254.9 233.0 243.9 3.24 2.93 3.09
JB-5 69.80 72.61 71.21 32.48 37.39 34.94 9.64 9.95 9.80 5.27 5.61 5.44 117.7 109.5 112.2 39.55 38.63 39.09 242.5 229.4 235.9 2.87 2.76 2.82
BB-2 73.25 73.40 73.33 31.15 34.58 32.86 8.79 10.24 9.52 5.70 5.76 5.73 105.2 101.3 104.8 40.10 37.60 38.85 229.5 222.7 226.1 3.03 2.76 2.89
BB-3 74.09 74.05 74.07 29.64 36.51 33.08 7.89 9.69 8.79 5.11 5.45 5.28 125.9 108.7 113.6 39.35 37.92 38.63 244.6 232.3 238.5 2.73 2.83 2.78
Wardan 68.69 71.53 70.11 28.09 36.23 32.16 8.81 9.64 9.22 4.87 5.34 5.11 109.3 105.9 110.2 37.63 38.00 37.81 257.4 229.3 243.3 2.57 2.52 2.54
SEm± 1.69 1.19 1.01 1.00 0.70 0.59 0.31 0.28 0.23 0.19 0.15 0.16 4.41 3.16 2.30 0.65 0.77 0.52 0.09 0.04 0.05
CD (P=0.05) NS NS NS 3.27 2.29 1.92 1.02 0.92 0.75 0.62 0.50 0.51 NS NS NS NS NS NS 0.28 0.13 0.17
Cutting management practices
One cut 78.20 77.55 77.87 41.70 51.40 46.55 11.76 11.77 11.75 5.99 6.32 6.16 144.9 149.1 147.8 43.15 42.61 42.88 78.8 87.8 83.3 2.89 3.04 2.96
Two cuts 66.09 68.14 67.11 32.80 35.49 34.15 10.78 10.30 10.54 6.00 6.34 6.17 103.7 103.5 103.5 43.51 43.13 43.32 258.5 232.2 245.4 2.80 2.72 2.76
Three cuts 55.07 57.17 56.12 9.75 10.90 10.32 4.73 4.65 4.69 4.54 4.88 4.71 35.5 42.8 39.5 30.06 25.21 27.64 400.1 367.9 384.0 2.70 2.08 2.39
No cut seed to
88.17 88.08 88.12 40.05 48.73 44.39 8.20 13.70 10.95 4.88 5.11 5.00 169.5 129.1 149.5 40.43 41.52 40.97 - - - 3.16 3.20 3.18
seed
SEm± 1.82 1.08 1.12 1.05 0.65 0.54 0.42 0.30 0.27 0.24 0.21 0.21 4.50 3.69 2.27 0.90 0.60 0.64 0.080 0.05 0.05
CD (P=0.05) 5.25 3.11 3.23 3.04 1.87 1.57 1.22 0.87 0.79 0.68 0.59 0.60 13.00 10.66 6.56 2.61 1.73 1.85 0.230 0.15 0.14
Interaction (VxC)
SEm± 3.90 2.40 2.39 2.27 1.44 1.21 0.88 0.65 0.58 0.50 0.43 0.43 9.77 7.82 4.96 1.87 1.39 1.34 0.176 0.11 0.11
CD (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 1.70 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Table 2: Yield attributes and yields of berseem as influenced by different varieties and cutting management practices
Yield attributes Yields of berseem
Treatment Head diameter (cm) Head wt. (g) Heads plant-1 Seed wt. head-1 (g) 1000 grain wt. (g) Seed yield (q ha-1) Straw yield (q ha-1) Harvest index (%)
20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean 20-21 21-22 Mean
Varieties
JB-1 1.13 1.02 1.08 0.34 0.37 0.36 6.27 5.28 5.78 0.27 0.30 0.28 2.77 2.68 2.73 4.50 5.16 4.83 43.44 50.76 47.10 9.00 9.12 9.06
JB-5 1.00 0.95 0.97 0.28 0.31 0.30 5.12 4.45 4.79 0.23 0.26 0.25 2.59 2.51 2.55 3.94 4.82 4.38 40.72 49.80 45.26 8.69 9.11 8.90
BB-2 1.04 1.00 1.02 0.31 0.34 0.32 5.65 4.88 5.27 0.27 0.30 0.29 2.73 2.64 2.68 4.34 5.17 4.76 40.52 49.26 44.89 9.47 9.59 9.53
BB-3 1.07 0.99 1.03 0.30 0.33 0.32 5.36 4.63 5.00 0.23 0.26 0.25 2.63 2.63 2.63 4.49 4.81 4.65 43.80 48.64 46.22 9.00 9.19 9.10
Wardan 0.97 0.91 0.94 0.25 0.28 0.27 4.92 4.15 4.54 0.22 0.25 0.24 2.33 2.38 2.35 3.43 4.08 3.76 36.05 45.24 40.64 8.49 8.15 8.32
SEm± 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.06 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.18 0.09 0.09 1.39 1.06 0.99 0.41 0.19 0.19
CD (P=0.05) 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.56 0.20 0.27 0.02 0.02 0.02 NS NS 0.19 0.60 0.28 0.29 4.54 3.44 3.23 NS 0.61 0.63
Cutting management practices
One cut 1.01 1.02 1.06 0.33 0.40 0.37 6.02 5.01 5.51 0.26 0.30 0.28 2.85 2.88 2.86 5.22 6.55 5.89 51.70 63.97 57.83 9.31 9.28 9.30
Two cuts 1.00 0.96 0.98 0.28 0.30 0.29 5.44 4.40 4.92 0.24 0.27 0.26 2.56 2.46 2.51 3.91 4.30 4.10 39.09 42.73 40.91 9.17 9.17 9.17
Three cuts 0.96 0.83 0.89 0.20 0.17 0.19 4.01 3.84 3.93 0.19 0.22 0.20 2.03 1.99 2.01 1.13 0.82 0.97 13.91 8.25 11.08 7.54 8.99 8.26
No cut seed
1.11 1.10 1.10 0.38 0.42 0.40 6.38 5.47 5.93 0.29 0.32 0.30 3.00 2.95 2.98 6.31 7.57 6.94 58.93 80.01 69.47 9.71 8.69 9.20
to seed
SEm± 0.025 0.02 0.02 0.017 0.01 0.01 0.19 0.07 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.13 0.09 0.09 1.11 1.30 0.95 0.26 0.25 0.22
CD (P=0.05) 0.072 0.07 0.05 0.050 0.04 0.04 0.56 0.19 0.25 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.22 0.13 0.37 0.27 0.25 3.22 3.74 2.76 0.75 NS 0.63
Interaction (VxC)
SEm± 0.055 0.05 0.04 0.036 0.03 0.03 0.41 0.14 0.19 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.16 0.11 0.31 0.20 0.19 2.57 2.72 2.10 0.65 0.52 0.47
CD (P=0.05) NS NS 0.12 NS NS NS NS 0.43 0.55 0.04 0.04 0.04 NS NS 0.32 0.94 0.59 0.56 NS NS NS NS NS NS

Table 3: Interaction effect of different berseem varieties and cutting management practices on seed yield (q ha-1) of berseem
Number of cuts (C)
Treatment
2020-21 2021-22 Mean
Varieties One cut Two cuts Three cuts No cut seed to One cut Two cuts No cut seed to No cut seed to
Three cuts One cut Two cuts Three cuts
(V) seed seed seed
JB-1 6.26 3.77 1.07 6.89 7.57 4.32 0.93 7.82 6.92 4.05 1.00 7.36
JB-5 4.40 3.72 1.23 6.42 6.41 4.22 0.94 7.73 5.40 3.97 1.08 7.07
BB-2 6.13 3.90 1.29 6.06 7.41 4.63 0.78 7.87 6.77 4.27 1.03 6.96
BB-3 5.34 4.77 1.18 6.68 6.67 4.46 0.79 7.32 6.01 4.62 0.98 7.00
Wardan 3.98 3.37 0.90 5.49 4.71 3.88 0.64 7.11 4.34 3.62 0.77 6.30
Two sub plots at the Two main plots at the same Two sub plots at the Two main plots at the same Two sub plots at the Two main plots at the same
same main plot or different sub plot same main plot or different sub plot same main plot or different sub plot
SEm 0.31 0.29 0.20 0.21 0.19 0.20
CD
0.94 0.83 0.59 0.60 0.56 0.59
(P=0.05)

Conclusion alexandrinum L.) genotypes at different phosphorus


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