THE EFFECT OF FITONUTRIO LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER PAPER

ON PLANT GROWTH AND RESULTS

CUCUMBER (cucumis sativus L.)

ARRANGED BY :

ANITA RIZKI (2230310006)

SUPERVISOR :

EMILDA SINAR F, S. Pd. M. Pd.

FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

AGROTECNOLOGY STUDY PROGRAM

UNIVERSITY OF TRIDINANTI PALEMBANG

ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 / 2023

 PRELIMINARY

1.1 REASON

Why did I write a paper on the effect of applying FITONUTRION liquid organic
fertilizer on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants?

My reason is because the advantages of liquid organic fertilizer are that the
nutrients contained in it are more easily absorbed by plants. Liquid organic fertilizer is a
solution resulting from the decomposition of organic materials derived from plant
residues, animal and human feces which contain more than one element of nutrients.
can significantly increase growth (number of branches), amount of production and
quality of fruit (grade/size of fruit). Applying liquid organic fertilizer can also increase
the nutrient content of soil and plants.

1.2 BACKGROUND

Cucumber or cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a type of vegetable from the

Cucurbitales or pumpkin family which is popular all over the world. Cucumber is a
fruit vegetable that is widely consumed by Indonesian people in fresh form. The
nutritional value of cucumbers is quite good because this fruit vegetable is a source
of vitamins and minerals. iron, 0.02 mg thianine, 0.01 mg riboflavin, sodium 5.00
mg, niacin 0.10 mg, ash 0.40 gr, 14 mg tamarind, 0.45 mg IU vitamin A, 0.3 mg IU
vitamin and 0.2 mg IU of vitamins (Sumpena, 2001).

Cultivation of cucumbers ranks fourth after chilies, long beans and shallots. Of
the types of commercial vegetables produced in Indonesia, the demand for
cucumbers tends to continue to increase in line with population growth, increased
living standards, education levels, public awareness about the importance of
nutritional value, but especially cucumber production. Hybrid cucumbers in
Indonesia are currently still very low because hybrid cucumbers are only grown as a
side crop. Cucumber is a vegetable commodity whose adaptation is quite wide so
that it is widely cultivated by farmers in the lowlands to the highlands. Cucumbers
 can be cultivated in paddy fields or dry land and in the lowlands, there are many
cucumbers.

Nationally, the productivity of cucumber yields from 2016 to 2018 is still low,
namely between 30 and 45 tons per hectare, even though the potential for hybrid
cucumber production can reach 60 tons/ha. The low productivity of cucumber plants
in Indonesia can also be caused by several factors including climate factors, farming
techniques such as selecting varieties, tillage, fertilization, irrigation, and the
presence of pests and diseases (Wijaya, 2018).

Fertilizer is a material that is added to meet the needs of plants or to meet the
needs of nutrients needed by plants so they can produce well. Fertilizer material can
be organic or non-organic (mineral). Fertilizer is different from supplements.
Definition of Liquid Organic Fertilizer is organic fertilizer whose origin is from
plants which are then immersed for a certain period of time after being composted.
As for improving the chemical, physical and biological soil. Organic fertilizers are
broken down by organisms into humus. The function of humus is as a source of
energy and food for soil microorganisms in providing plant nutrients (Soil Research
Institute, 2005).

A. SYSTEMATICS AND MORPHOLOGY OF CUCUMES

1. Systematics of Cucumber Plants

Systematics of cucumber plants are as follows:

Kingdom : Plantac

Division: Spermatophyta

Sub division: Angiosperms

Class : Dicotyledonae

Order: Cucurbitales

Family: Cucurbitaceae
 Genus: Cucumis

Species : Cucumis sativus L.

2. Morphology of Cucumber Plants

a. root

Cucumber has a taproot and root hairs, but the root penetration is relatively
shallow, that is, at a depth of about 30 cm to 60 cm, cucumber plants really need
enough water. Cucumber is an annual plant that is climbing by means of a wet
stem. The length or height of the plant can reach 50 cm to 250 cm and branches that
grow on the side of the petiole (Rukmana, 1994).

b. Leaf

Cucumber leaves are round with multiple sharp and serrated leaf tips, very fine
hairs, have pinnate and branched veins and the leaf position is upright. Cucumbers
are single leaf, the shape, size and depth of the leaf grooves vary. Cucumber
flowers are perfect flowers. They are trumpet-shaped and 2 to 3 cm long. They
consist of flower stalks and stamens. The flower petals are 5 pieces, green and
slender in shape located at the bottom of the base of the flower. The flower crown
consists of 5 to 6, the fruit is bright yellow and round in shape, and is a perfect
flower (Cahyono, 2003).

c. Fruit

Young cucumber fruit is green, dark green, light green and whitish green to
white, depending on the cultivar. While old cucumber fruit is brown, scaly dark
brown, and dark yellow. The diameter of the cucumber fruit is between 12 and 25
cm (Sumpena, 2001).

d. Seed

Cucumber seeds, white, cream, oval and flat. Cucumber seeds are covered with
mucus which sticks to each other in the spaces where the seeds are arranged and
 there are very many of them. The seeds can be used for propagation or breeding
(Cahyono, 2003).

B. GROWTH REQUIREMENTS

1. Soil

Cucumber Basically almost all types of soil used for agricultural land,
suitable for obtaining high production and good quality Cucumber plants require
fertile soil, loose, containing lots of humus, not stagnant and pH ranging from 6
to 7 However, cucumbers are still tolerant of pliable soil. up to 5.5 as the
minimum limit and 7.5 as the maximum limit. If the pll of soil is less than 5.5,
there will be disturbances in the absorption of nutrients by the roots so that plant
growth will be disrupted, whereas in soils that are too acidic, cucumber plants
will suffer from chlorosis. Soil that is rich in organic matter is very good for the
growth of cucumber plants, because soil that is rich in organic matter has a high
level of soil fertility (Rukmana, 1994).

Tillage by hoeing will affect the physical properties of the soil which
functions to improve the pore space formed between the soil particles. In
addition to a place for circulation, the pores of processed soil will facilitate the
movement of plant roots in absorbing nutrients more easily and allowing plants
to thrive (Hanafiah, 2004).

2. Climate

Cucumber plants have a wide range of adaptability to their growing

environment. In Indonesia, cucumbers can be planted in the lowlands and
highlands, which is approximately 1,000 m above sea level (Sumpena, 2001).

C. LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER

Liquid Organic Fertilizer can be made from several types of organic waste,
namely new vegetable waste, stale vegetable waste, rice waste, fish waste, chicken, egg
shells, fruit waste such as grapes, orange peels, apples and others. Wet organic matter
such as fruit and vegetable waste is an excellent raw material for Liquid Organic
Fertilizer because apart from being easy to decompose, this material is also rich in
nutrients needed by plants. The higher the cellulose content of organic matter.

Liquid Organic Fertilizer is a solution derived from the decomposition of

organic materials originating from plant residues, animal waste and humans which
contain more than one element of nutrients. The advantages of Liquid Organic Fertilizer
are that it quickly overcomes nutrient deficiencies, does not have problems with
washing nutrients, and is able to provide nutrients quickly compared to liquid inorganic
fertilizers. Liquid organic fertilizers generally do not damage soil and plants even
though they are used as often as possible. In addition, Liquid Organic Fertilizer also has
a binder so that the fertilizer solution applied to the surface of the soil can be directly
used by plants (Hadisuwito, 2007).
 OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS

1.Why are many Indonesian people consuming cucumber in fresh form?

The nutritional value of cucumber is quite good because this fruit vegetable is a source
of vitamins and minerals in nutritional content.

2. Why is the production of hybrid cucumbers in Indonesia currently still very

low? Because hybrid cucumbers are only grown as a distraction.

3. Where can cucumbers be cultivated?

In paddy fields or dry land and in the lowlands.

4. What are the causes of the low cucumber crop in Indonesia?

Due to climatic factors, farming techniques such as selecting varieties, bombarding the
soil, fertilizing, irrigation, as well as the presence of pests and diseases.

5. What is meant by the function of humus?

Humus functions as a source of energy and food for soil microorganisms in providing
plant nutrients.

6. What does the morphology of a cucumber plant consist of?

It consists of roots, leaves, fruit and seeds.

7. What are the conditions for growing plants?

The conditions for growing plants are soil and climate.

8. What is liquid organic fertilizer made of?

Liquid organic fertilizer can be made from several types of organic waste, namely new
vegetable waste, stale vegetable waste, leftover rice, fish, chicken, egg shells, fruit
waste such as grapes, orange peels, apples, etc.
9. What is liquid organic fertilizer?

Liquid organic fertilizer is a solution derived from the decomposition of organic

materials derived from plant residues, animal waste, and humans which contain more
than one element of nutrients.

10. How can liquid organic fertilizer be used directly by plants?

Because liquid organic fertilizers have binding ingredients, the fertilizer solution that is
applied to the surface of the soil can be directly used by plants.
 CLOSE ENDED QUESTOIN

NO. QUESTION YES NO

1. Does liquid organic fertilizer come from organic decomposition

from plant residues?

2. Are hybrid cucumbers only grown as an intercrop?

3. Do the conditions for growing plants not affect the soil and
climate?

4. Are the cucumber seeds creamy, oval in shape and are the
cucumber seeds covered with mucus?

5. Is the application of nutrients more difficult and allows plants

not to thrive?

6. Do cucumber leaves have pinnate, branched leaves and a

straight leaf position and a round shape with a pointed leaf tip?

7. Does the flower crown consist of only 3 pieces?

8. Does a cucumber have a diameter of 12 to 25 cm?

9. Will land management by means of transportation not affect the

physical properties of the soil?

10. Do cucumbers in Indonesia tend to continue to increase in line

with population growth?
 REFERENCE

Sumpena, 2001. The nutritional value and content contained in cucumbers and
cucumbers represent the gourd family.

Wijaya, 2018. Intensive cucumber yields. Jakarta self-help spreader

Soil research institute, 2005. Definition of liquid fertilizer.

Rukaman, 1994. Cucumber cultivation and cucumber plant morphology.

Sumpena, 2001. Intensive cucumber cultivation

 Cahyono, 2003. The increasing need for cucumbers in Indonesia along with
population growth and awareness of the nutritional value contained therein.

Hadisuwito, 2007. Composition of liquid organic fertilizer and its nutrient

content. Pt. Go media library. Jakarta.