DR. JOSE P.

RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 2

STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
Name of Learner: Section:

Grade Level: Date:

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FOR A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE AND ITS PROPERTIES

Activity Sheet Title

A. Background Information for the Learner:

What Is It
Read and analyze the situation given below:

In a computer laboratory, the teacher wants to find out if there is a defective computer. Supposed three computers
were tested at random, she asks one of her Computer System Servicing students to list all the possible
outcomes, such that D represents the defective computer and N represents the non-defective computer. Let X
be the random variable for the number of defective computers. Then, illustrate the probability distribution of
the random variable X.

To solve the problem above, you have to consider first the steps in determining the values of the random variable
that you have learned from your previous lesson. a. Let D represent the defective computer and N for the non-
defective computer.
The sample space is: S= {NND, NDN, DNN, DND, DDN, NDD, DDD, NNN} and there are 8 possible outcomes b. Count
the number of defective computers in each outcome in the sample space and assign this number to this
outcome. For instance, if you list NND, the number of defective computers is 1.

Possible Outcomes Value of the Random

Variable X (number of
defective computers)
DDD 3
NNN 0
NDD 2
DND 2
DDN 2
DNN 1
NDN 1
NND 1

There are four possible values of the random variable X representing the number of defective computers.

The possible values that X can take are 0, 1, 2, and 3. c. Each of these numbers corresponds to an event in the sample
space S of equally likely outcomes for this experiment. Since the value of the random variable X represents the
number of defective computers, X = 0 to (NNN), X = 1 to (NND, NDN, DNN), X=2 to (DND, DDN, NDD) and X= 3 to
(DDD).

If each of the outcomes is equally likely to occur, then the probability is:

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑃(𝐸) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒
 DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Assign probability values P(X) to each value of the random variable.

1 1
Since the number of outcomes is 8, the probability that 0 defective computer will come out is 8
or P (0) = 8, the
3 3
probability that 1 defective computer will come out is 8 or P(1)= is 8 , the probability that 2 defective computers
3 3 1 1
will come out is 8or P(2)= 8 and the probability that 3 defective computers will come out is 8 or P(3)= 8,.
Illustrating this in a table would give as:

Possible Outcomes Value of the Random

Variable X (number of
defective computers)
0 1
8
or 0.125

1 3
or 0.375
8

2 3
or 0.375
8

3 1
8
or 0.125

You can also construct the table in this form:

X 0 1 2 3
P(X) 1 3 3 1
or 0.125 or 0.375 or 0.375 or 0.125
8 8 8 8

1 3 3 1
d. by adding all the probabilities 8
+8+8+8 = 1

you can also use decimals in determining the sum of the probabilities 0.125 + 0.375 + 0.375 + 0.125 = 1

If you add all the probabilities, the sum is equal to 1. e. From the given example, you can see that the values of the
probability range from 0 to 1.

The PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE X is a list of the possible values of X and the
corresponding probabilities of the values. It specifies the probability associated with each possible value of the
random variable. The distribution functions of discrete random variables are concentrated as a mass for a
particular value, and generally known as Probability Mass Function.

Properties of discrete probability distribution

1. The probability of each value of the random variable must be between or equal to 0 and 1. In symbol 0 < P(X) < 1.
2. The sum of all the probabilities of all values of the random variable must be equal to 1. In symbol, we write it as
𝚺P(X) = 1
 DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

EXAMPLE 1: Determine if the distribution below is a discrete probability distribution:

X 1 3 5 7 9
P(X) 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3

The distribution must satisfy that each probability value P(X) must be

a.) from 0 to 1
1
The probability of each value of the random variable has the same value which is and this value lies between 0
3
and 1
b.) the sum of all the values of the probabilities must be equal to 1.
By adding all the values of P(X)
1 1 1 1 1 5
Σ P(X)= + + + + =
3 3 3 3 3 3

Since the sum of its probabilities is not equal to 1. Hence, this is NOT a probability distribution because ΣP(X) ≠ 1.

Now, it’s your turn

EXAMPLE 2: Determine if the distribution below is a discrete probability distribution:

X 1 3 5
P(X) 1 1 1
4 4 2

Guide Questions
1. Is the sum of P(X) = 1? Yes or No?
2. Is the value of P(X) greater than zero but less than one (0 < 𝑃(𝑋) < 1)? Yes or No?
3. Is it a probability distribution? Yes or No?

EXAMPLE 3: Golden’s bakery is known for its famous Filipino delicacies. Among these foods which is a native delicious
food called “kakanin” is a “leche puto”. The bakeshop owner recorded the number of boxes of “leche puto” that were
delivered each day. The probability distribution is shown below.

Number of Boxes X Probability P(X)

35 1
10
37 1
5
40 1
10
42 1
5
45 3
10
50 1
10

a. The probability that 40 or more boxes will be sold in a particular day means P (X≥ 40).
This means that you have to add P(X=40), P(X=42), P (X= 45), and (X= 50).
P (X≥ 40) = P(40) + P(42) + P(45) + P(50) then, substitute its corresponding probability
1 1 3 1
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 40) = + + +
10 5 10 10
 DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

1 2 3 1
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 40) = + + +
10 10 10 10
7
𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 40) = 𝑜𝑟 0.7
10
b. The probability that the number of boxes delivered will be at least 37 but not more than 50 means P (37≤ X< 50).
Hence, the values included are P(37), P(40), P42) and P(45), then substitute its corresponding probability
P (37≤ X< 50) = P(37) + P(40) +P(42) + P(45),
1 1 1 3
𝑃(37 ≤ 𝑋 < 50) = + + +
5 10 5 10

2 1 2 3
𝑃(37 ≤ 𝑋 < 50) = + + +
10 10 10 10
8
𝑃(37 ≤ 𝑋 < 50) = 𝑜𝑟 0.8
10
c. The probability that at most 40 boxes will be delivered in a particular day means P (X≤ 40)
so the values of X are P(40), P(37) and P(35)
P (X≤ 40) = P(40) + P(37) + P(35)
1 1 1
𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 40) = + +
10 5 10
1 2 1
𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 40) = + +
10 10 10
4
𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 40) = 𝑜𝑟 0.4
10
d. Find P (X≤ 45).
P (X≤ 45) = P(45) + P(42) + P(40) + P(37) +P(35)
3 1 1 1 1
𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 45) = + + + +
10 5 10 5 10
3 2 1 2 1
𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 45) = + + + +
10 5 10 5 10
9
𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 45) = 𝑜𝑟 0.9
10

B. Learning Competency / LC code

The learner…
• illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its properties. M11GM-Ia-4
C. Directions/Instructions

Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

D. Exercise/Activity

Answer assessment 2 and performance task 2.

E. Reflection
What I Learned…
How will you know if a distribution is a discrete probability distribution?

F. References

CLMD4ASTATISTICS&PROBABILITYSHS

Prepared by: LALAINE MARGARETH DC. FETIZANAN

Teacher II
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

NAME: _______________________________________________

SECTION: _____________________________________________

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

ASSESSMENT 2

A. Multiple Choice (2 points each). Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the CAPITAL LETTER of your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the sum of the probabilities of all values of the random variable?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2. Which of the following distribution represents a probability distribution?
A.
X 1 5 7 8
P(X) 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3
B.
X 0 1 2 3
P(X) 2 1 1 1
5 4 5 3
C.

X 1 2 3 4
P(X) 1 2 1 1
3 3 5 2
D.
X 2 3 4 5
P(X) 1 1 1 1
4 4 4 4

3. The given table represents a probability distribution. What is P(1) + P(4)?

X 1 2 3 4
P(X) 1 1 1 1
3 6 6 3
1 1 1 2
A. B. C. D.
6 3 2 3

Refer to the given table in answering numbers 4-5.

X 0 1 2
P(X) 1 1 1
4 2 4
4. What is P (X≤ 2)?
1 1 3
A. B. C. D. 1
4 2 4
5. What is P(0) + P(2)?
3 1 1
A. 1 B. C. D.
4 2 4
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

B. Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable representing the number of tails that occur.

a. Find the values of the random variable Y. Complete the table below.

Possible Outcomes Y Value of the Random

Variable Y One possible outcome and its value is
(Number of Tails) already given. Complete the remaining
HHH 0 possible outcomes and its corresponding
value.

b. Construct a Probability distribution of the Random Variable Y.

Probability Distribution of Discrete

Random Variable Y
Number of Tails Y Probability P(Y)

Complete the column Probability P(Y).

0 Please refer to your answer to the table
above.
1

Prepared by: LALAINE MARGARETH DC. FETIZANAN

Teacher II
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

PERFORMANCE TASK 2: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Bayanihan To Heal as One Act

In a certain barangay, the DSWD conducted a survey among the ages of senior citizens who will
receive cash assistance or the Social Amelioration Program (SAP). This program is a cash emergency subsidy
program for Filipino families whose lives are greatly affected by the Enhance Community Quarantine (ECQ). It
is mandated by the new law, the “Bayanihan To Heal As One Act”, which was signed by the President on
March 25, 2020. The given data shows the probability distribution among the ages of senior citizens

Age X Probability P(X)

60 0.16
61 0.10
62 0.10
63 0.07
65 0.13
67 0.10
68 0.07
70 0.07
72 0.10
73 0.07
80 0.03

Answer the following questions in a separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solutions.
1. What is the probability that at least 65 years old senior citizen will receive the SAP?
2. What is the probability that at most 70 years old senior citizen will receive the SAP?
3. What is the probability that at least 60 years old but less than 70 years old senior citizen will receive the
SAP?

Prepared by: LALAINE MARGARETH DC. FETIZANAN

Teacher II