Solution of Tutorial-4

ME-101 (Engineering Mechanics, Semester-II)

Date: 28/04/2023 and Time: 8.00 to 8.55 AM

1. Solution of Problem 1:

Figure 1
The equation of the parabola is given by
y = α x2 + β
The constants α and β can be known using the points x0 = 0, y0 = 1.5 a and x1 =b, y1 = 0.5 a.
β = 3a⁄2 [1 mark]
α = -–a /(b)2 [1 mark]
Therefore, the equation of the parabola can be rewritten as:
x 2 3a
y = –a ( ) +
b 2
With the infinitesimal area 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 as shown in Figure 1(a), 𝑥𝐶 can be obtained as
follows:
∫ 𝑥 d𝐴 ∫ x y dx
xC = =
∫ d𝐴 ∫ y dx
x 2 3a
∫0 x [-a (b) + 2 ] dx 1 ab2 3
b

= = 2 = b
b x 2 3a 7 7
∫0 [-a (b) + 2 ] dx ab
6
[4 marks]

Figure 1(a)

To calculate the y-coordinate, for simplicity, the infinitesimal area element 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 is used
instead of 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 and its centroid located at height y/2 is taken into account as shown in
Figure 1(b).

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 Figure 1(b)
Thus, 𝑦𝐶 can be obtained as follows:
y
∫ 2 y dx 6 b
2
x4 3a2 2 9a2 87
yC = = ∫ (a 4 + 2 x + ) dx = a
7 14 ab b b 4 140
6 ab
0

[4 marks]

2. Solution of Problem 2:
Centroid: Since the block is made of a homogeneous material, the centre of mass of the
block coincides with the centroid of its volume. The centroid of each composite segment is
shown in Figure 2(a).
z

a
c 150 mm
550 mm
G1
G3
400 mm
100 mm 150 mm
b
G2
x 100 mm

900 mm 450 mm y

150 mm
Figure 2(a) [1 mark]

The volume of the segment a is given by = (300)(300)(1100) mm3 [0.5 marks]

The centroid of the segment a will be = (150, 550, 150) [0.5 marks]
The volume of the segment b is given by = (300)(300)(400) mm3 [0.5 marks]
The centroid of the segment b will be = (450, 900, 150) [0.5 marks]
1
The volume of the segment c is given by = 2(300)(300)(200) mm3 [0.5 marks]
The centroid of the segment c will be = (400, 100, 100) [0.5 marks]
2
The centroid of the whole block can be calculated by,
1
(150)(300)(300)(1100) + (450)(300)(300)(400) + (400)   (300)(300)(200)
x=
 xV = 2 =
3.465(1010 )
= 240.28 mm
V 1
(300)(300)(1100) + (300)(300)(400) +   (300)(300)(200)
1.44(108 )
2
[2 marks]
1
(550)(300)(300)(1100) + (900)(300)(300)(400) + (100)   (300)(300)(200)
y=
 =
yV 2 =
8.775(1010 )
= 609.38 mm
V 1
(300)(300)(1100) + (300)(300)(400) +   (300)(300)(200)
1.44(108 )
2
[2 marks]
1
(150)(300)(300)(1100) + (150)(300)(300)(400) + (100)   (300)(300)(200)
z=
 =
zV 2 =
2.07(1010 )
= 143.75 mm
V 1
(300)(300)(1100) + (300)(300)(400) +   (300)(300)(200)
1.44(108 )
2
[2 marks]

One may solve the problem by making the following Table

Components m x y z mx my mz
(106 ) mm mm mm (106 ) (106 ) (106 )
kg
kg mm kg mm kg mm
a 99 150 550 150 14850 54450 14850
b 36 450 900 150 16200 32400 5400
c 9 400 100 100 3600 900 900
Total 144 34650 87750 21150

x=
 mx = 34650 = 240.625 mm , y =  my = 87750 = 609.375 mm
 m 144  m 144
z=
 mz = 21150 = 146.875 mm
 m 144
3. Solution of Problem 3:
By considering the entire beam as a free body (Figure 3(a)), the support reactions are
determined as follows:
+↺ ΣMA = 0
RDy × 7.2 – (15 × 1.8) – (12 × 4.2) – (6 × 8.4) = 0 15 kN 12 kN 1.2 m
6 kN
⟹ RDy = 17.75 kN (↑) [1 mark]
+↑ ΣFy = 0
RAy – 15 – 12 + 17.75 – 6 = 0 RAx
RAy RDy
⟹ RAy = 15.25 kN (↑) [1 mark]
1.8 m 2.4 m 3m 2.4 m
Figure 1(a)
Figure 3(a)
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⃗+
⃗ ΣFx = 0
⟹ RAx = 0
Determination of shear force
Considering from left of the given beam, the shear force (V) at various points are calculated
as follows:
VA = RAy = 15.25 kN [1 mark]
As there is no intermediate load between point A and B, the shear force in the section AB
remains constant at 15.25 kN (+).
VB = 15.25 – 15 = 0.25 kN [1 mark]
Similar to the section AB, the shear force in the BC section remains constant at 0.25 kN (+).
VC = 0.25 – 12 = – 11.75 kN [1 mark]
Similar to the section AB and BC, the shear force in the section CD remains constant at 11.75
kN (–).
VD = – 11.75 + 17.75 = 6 kN [1 mark]
VE = 6 – 6 = 0 kN [1 mark]
As the load is uniformly distributed in the section DE, the shear fore in the section DE is
linearly varied from 0 kN at point E to 6 kN at point D.
Determination of bending moment
Considering from left of the given beam, the bending moment (M) at various points are
calculated as follows:
MA = 0 kN.m [1 mark]
MB = 15.25 × 1.8 = 27.45 kN.m [1 mark]
The bending moment is linearly varied from 0 at point A to 27.45 kN.m at point B.
MC = 15.25 × (1.8 + 2.4) – 15 × 2.4 = 28.05 kN.m [1 mark]
The bending moment is linearly varied from 27.45 kN.m at point B to 28.05 kN.m at point C.
MD = 15.25 × (1.8 + 2.4 + 3) – 15 × (2.4 + 3) – 12 × 3 = – 7.2 kN.m [1 mark]
The bending moment is linearly varied from 28.05 kN.m at point C to – 7.2 kN.m at point D.
ME = 15.25 × (1.8 + 2.4 + 3 + 2.4) – 15 × (2.4 + 3 + 2.4) – 12 × (3 + 2.4) + 17.75 × 2.4 – 6 ×
1.2 = 0 kN.m [1 mark]
As the section DE is uniformly loaded, the bending moment is varied as second order
parabola with –7.2 kN.m at point D and 0 kN.m at point E.
The shear force and bending moment diagrams of the beam is depicted in Figure 3(b).

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 Figure 3(b) [1.5 marks for SFD and 1.5
4. Solution of Problem 4: marks for BMD]
The free body diagram of the beam is shown in Figure
4(a).

Figure 4(a)

The support reactions at A are determined as follows:

+↑ Σ𝐹𝑦 =0
3F
⟹ RA – × 2b – 3F – 3F = 0
b
⟹ RA = 12F (↑) [1 mark]
+↺ Σ𝑀𝐴 =0
3F
⟹ 𝑀𝐴 – × 2b × 3b – 3F × 5b + 5bF – 3F × 9b = 0
b
⟹ 𝑀𝐴 = 55bF (↺) [1 mark]

5
To calculate V and M, we split the beam after each discontinuity of the
loading with regard to the internal forces and moments (shown in
Figure 4(b)). By using equilibrium conditions, V and M can be
determined with respect to the external loads, and internal forces and
moments.
V1 = 12F [1 mark]
M1 = 24bF – 55bF = –31bF [1 mark]
V2 = 12F – 6F = 6F [1 mark]
3F
M2 = 12F × 4b – × 2b × b – 55bF = –13bF [1 mark]
b
V3R = 3F [1 mark]
M3 = 5bF – 12bF = –7bF [1 mark]
V4 = 3F [1 mark]
M4L = 5bF – 3F × 2b = –bF [1 mark]
The shear force and bending moment diagrams are shown in Figure 4(c). In the bending
moment diagram, from section 1 to 2, the quadratic parabola has to pass tangentially into the
straight line, since there is no concentrated force.

Figure 4(c)
[2.5 marks for shear force diagram, and 2.5 marks for bending moment diagram]
6
5. Solution of Problem 5:

Let us consider counter-clockwise moment as positive and clockwise moment as negative.

From FBD [Fig. 5(a)] and using force (∑ 𝐹𝑥 = ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0) and moment equation of equilibrium
(∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0) of entire beam we have reaction ( RA ) and moment ( M A ) about A,
𝑅𝐴   =  2.4 kN,   𝑀𝐴   =   − 14.4 kN.m
As shown in the Fig. 5(b), considering section at:
0  x  4 m:
+  F = 0  V = 2.4 kN
+  M A = 0 : 14.4 + M − (2.4  x) = 0
M = (2.4  x) − 14.4 Fig. 5(a)
As shown in the Fig. 5(c), considering section at:
4  x  8:
+   F = 0 : V − 0.6  (8 − x) = 0
V = (4.8 − 0.6  x) kN
8− x
−  M = 0 : M + 0.6  (8 − x)  =0
2 Fig. 5(b)
M = − 0.3  (8 − x) 2 kN.m Fig. 5(c)

The SFD and BMD for the following loading condition are depicted in Fig. 5(d).

Fig. 5(d)

At middle section of the beam, i.e. at x = 4 m we get, (2 marks)

V = 2.4 kN
M = −4.8 kN.m
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 Q6: P =[100,200,300]';
for i = 1:3
Rx(i) = -P(i)*cosd(45)-150*cosd(30);
Ry(i) = 200+ P(i)*sind(45)-150*sin(30);
R(i) = sqrt(Rx(i)^2+Ry(i)^2); %resultant force
beta(i) = atan(Ry(i)/Rx(i)); % direction of resulant force
Ma(i) = -P(i)*sind(45)*4-P(i)*cosd(45)*0.6 + 40 + 150*sind(30)*8 +
150*cosd(30);
x(i) = abs(Ma(i))/Ry(i); %position of resulant force
end

Resulant_vector = R'

Resulant_vector = 3×1
464.4742
559.7777
656.4799

Direction_vector = beta'

Direction_vector = 3×1
-1.1242
-1.0648
-1.0228

Position_vector = x'

Position_vector = 3×1
1.0614
0.2438
0.3675