Scribd
Upload
23 views

Lecture 2 - System, Model Simulation

This document discusses discrete event system simulation and the steps involved in a simulation study. It defines key concepts like systems, models, and components of a system. It explains that a model is a representation of a system used to study it. Simulation models can be static or dynamic, and deterministic or stochastic. The document outlines the 12 steps in a typical simulation study, grouped into four phases: problem formulation, model building/data collection, running the model, and implementation. It provides examples to illustrate discrete and continuous systems.

Uploaded by

jordan khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Lecture 2 - System, Model Simulation

This document discusses discrete event system simulation and the steps involved in a simulation study. It defines key concepts like systems, models, and components of a system. It explains that a model is a representation of a system used to study it. Simulation models can be static or dynamic, and deterministic or stochastic. The document outlines the 12 steps in a typical simulation study, grouped into four phases: problem formulation, model building/data collection, running the model, and implementation. It provides examples to illustrate discrete and continuous systems.

Uploaded by

jordan khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Lecture 2

Chapter-01
Discrete-Event System Simulation Md. Sazzadur Ahamed
-Jerry Banks Senior Lecturer
Dept. of CSE
System, Model & Simulation Daffodil Int. University

1
Systems and System Environment

System
 defined as a group of objects that are joined together in
some regular interaction or interdependence toward the
accomplishment of some purpose.

System Environment
 changes occurring outside the system.

The decision on the boundary between the system and its


environment may depend on the purpose of the study.

2
Components of a System

 Entity : an object of interest in the system.


 Attribute : a property of an entity.
 Activity : a time period of specified length.
 State : the collection of variables necessary to describe the
system at any time, relative to the objectives of the
study.
 Event : an momentary occurrence that may change the
state of the system.
 Endogenous : to describe activities and events occurring
within a system (Internal).
 Exogenous : to describe activities and events in an
environment that affect the system (External).
3
Components of a System

4
Discrete and Continuous Systems

Systems can be categorized as discrete or continuous.


 Bank : a discrete system
 The head of water behind a dam : a continuous system

5
Model of a System

Model
 a representation of a system for the purpose of studying
the system
 a simplification of the system

 sufficiently detailed to permit valid conclusions to be


drawn about the real system

6
Types of Models

Static or Dynamic Simulation Models


 Static simulation model (called Monte Carlo simulation)
represents a system at a particular point in time.
 Dynamic simulation model represents systems as they

change over time.


Deterministic or Stochastic Simulation Models
 Deterministic simulation models contain no random
variables and have a known set of inputs which will result in
a unique set of outputs.
 Stochastic simulation model has one or more random

variables as inputs. Random inputs lead to random outputs.

7
Let us see a flow chart, which will describe the
steps in a simulation study.
(in the next slide)

8
9
Steps in a Simulation Study
Step-1. Problem formulation
 Policy maker/Analyst understand and agree with the formulation.

Step-2. Setting of objectives and overall project plan


Step-3. Model conceptualization
 The art of modeling is enhanced by an ability to abstract the
essential features of a problem, to select and modify basic
assumptions that characterize the system, and then to enrich and
elaborate the model until a useful approximation results.
Step-4. Data collection
 As the complexity of the model changes, the required data elements

may also change.


Step-5. Model translation
 GPSS/H
TM or special-purpose simulation software

10
Steps in a Simulation Study

Step-6. Verified?
 Is the computer program performing properly?

 Debugging for correct input parameters and logical structure

Step-7. Validated?
 The determination that a model is an accurate representation of the

real system.
 Validation is achieved through the calibration of the model

Step-8. Experimental design


 The decision on the length of the initialization period, the length of
simulation runs, and the number of replications to be made of each
run.
Step-9. Production runs and analysis
 To estimate measures of performances

11
Steps in a Simulation Study
Step-10. More runs?
Step-11. Documentation and reporting
 Program documentation : for the relationships between input

parameters and output measures of performance, and for a


modification.
 Progress documentation : the history of a simulation, a

chronology of work done and decision made.


Step-12. Implementation

12
Phases in Simulation Study

Steps in a Simulation Study can be divided into Four


phases:
 First phase : a period of discovery or orientation

(step 1, step2)
 Second phase : a model building and data collection

(step 3, step 4, step 5, step 6, step 7)


 Third phase : running the model

(step 8, step 9, step 10)


 Fourth phase : an implementation

(step 11, step 12)

13
The End
Thank You !

14

You might also like