Scribd
Upload
19 views

Lecture 2 - System, Model Simulation

This document discusses discrete event system simulation and the steps involved in a simulation study. It defines key concepts like systems, models, and components of a system. It explains that a model is a representation of a system used to study it. Simulation models can be static or dynamic, and deterministic or stochastic. The document outlines the 12 steps in a typical simulation study, grouped into four phases: problem formulation, model building/data collection, running the model, and implementation. It provides examples to illustrate discrete and continuous systems.

Uploaded by

jordan khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Lecture 2 - System, Model Simulation

This document discusses discrete event system simulation and the steps involved in a simulation study. It defines key concepts like systems, models, and components of a system. It explains that a model is a representation of a system used to study it. Simulation models can be static or dynamic, and deterministic or stochastic. The document outlines the 12 steps in a typical simulation study, grouped into four phases: problem formulation, model building/data collection, running the model, and implementation. It provides examples to illustrate discrete and continuous systems.

Uploaded by

jordan khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Lecture 2

Chapter-01
Discrete-Event System Simulation Md. Sazzadur Ahamed
-Jerry Banks Senior Lecturer
Dept. of CSE
System, Model & Simulation Daffodil Int. University

1
Systems and System Environment

System
 defined as a group of objects that are joined together in
some regular interaction or interdependence toward the
accomplishment of some purpose.

System Environment
 changes occurring outside the system.

The decision on the boundary between the system and its


environment may depend on the purpose of the study.

2
Components of a System

 Entity : an object of interest in the system.


 Attribute : a property of an entity.
 Activity : a time period of specified length.
 State : the collection of variables necessary to describe the
system at any time, relative to the objectives of the
study.
 Event : an momentary occurrence that may change the
state of the system.
 Endogenous : to describe activities and events occurring
within a system (Internal).
 Exogenous : to describe activities and events in an
environment that affect the system (External).
3
Components of a System

4
Discrete and Continuous Systems

Systems can be categorized as discrete or continuous.


 Bank : a discrete system
 The head of water behind a dam : a continuous system

5
Model of a System

Model
 a representation of a system for the purpose of studying
the system
 a simplification of the system

 sufficiently detailed to permit valid conclusions to be


drawn about the real system

6
Types of Models

Static or Dynamic Simulation Models


 Static simulation model (called Monte Carlo simulation)
represents a system at a particular point in time.
 Dynamic simulation model represents systems as they

change over time.


Deterministic or Stochastic Simulation Models
 Deterministic simulation models contain no random
variables and have a known set of inputs which will result in
a unique set of outputs.
 Stochastic simulation model has one or more random

variables as inputs. Random inputs lead to random outputs.

7
Let us see a flow chart, which will describe the
steps in a simulation study.
(in the next slide)

8
9
Steps in a Simulation Study
Step-1. Problem formulation
 Policy maker/Analyst understand and agree with the formulation.

Step-2. Setting of objectives and overall project plan


Step-3. Model conceptualization
 The art of modeling is enhanced by an ability to abstract the
essential features of a problem, to select and modify basic
assumptions that characterize the system, and then to enrich and
elaborate the model until a useful approximation results.
Step-4. Data collection
 As the complexity of the model changes, the required data elements

may also change.


Step-5. Model translation
 GPSS/H
TM or special-purpose simulation software

10
Steps in a Simulation Study

Step-6. Verified?
 Is the computer program performing properly?

 Debugging for correct input parameters and logical structure

Step-7. Validated?
 The determination that a model is an accurate representation of the

real system.
 Validation is achieved through the calibration of the model

Step-8. Experimental design


 The decision on the length of the initialization period, the length of
simulation runs, and the number of replications to be made of each
run.
Step-9. Production runs and analysis
 To estimate measures of performances

11
Steps in a Simulation Study
Step-10. More runs?
Step-11. Documentation and reporting
 Program documentation : for the relationships between input

parameters and output measures of performance, and for a


modification.
 Progress documentation : the history of a simulation, a

chronology of work done and decision made.


Step-12. Implementation

12
Phases in Simulation Study

Steps in a Simulation Study can be divided into Four


phases:
 First phase : a period of discovery or orientation

(step 1, step2)
 Second phase : a model building and data collection

(step 3, step 4, step 5, step 6, step 7)


 Third phase : running the model

(step 8, step 9, step 10)


 Fourth phase : an implementation

(step 11, step 12)

13
The End
Thank You !

14

You might also like