Unit 6 Iot Apps 4 City Automation

1
INTERNET OF THINGS
APPLICATION EXAMPLES
2
City Automation
• Some applications in this domain include the following:
• Traffic flow management system in combination with dynamic traffic
light control
• Street light control
• Passenger information system for public transportation
• Passive surveillance
3
City Automation
• Generic city sensors include environmental sensors and
activity sensors.
• Environmental sensors include:
• – thermal
• – hygrometric
• – anemometric
• – sound
• – gas
• – particles
• – light, other EM spectrum
• – seismic
• Activity sensors include:
• – pavement/roadway pressure
• – vehicle and pedestrian detection
• – parking space occupancy
4
City Automation
• ETSI TR 102 897: “Machine-to-Machine Communications
(M2M); Use Cases of M2M Applications for City
Automation” provides the following description of these
applications:
• Use Case 1: Traffic Flow Management System in Combination with
Dynamic Traffic Light Control.
• Use Case 2: Street Light Control.
• Use Case 3: Passenger Information System for Public
Transportation.
5
CityAutomation
Use Case 1: Traffic Flow Management System in Combination with Dynamic Traffic Light
Control.
• The flow of road traffic within cities depends on a number of factors
• such as the number of vehicles on the road, the time and the day, the current or
expected weather, current traffic issues and accidents, as well as road construction
work.
• Traffic flow sensors provide key traffic flow information to a central traffic
flow management system; the traffic flow management system can
develop a real time
• traffic optimization strategy and, thus, endeavor to control the traffic flow.
• The traffic control can be achieved by
• dynamic information displays informing the driver about traffic jams and congested
roads
• traffic signs can direct the traffic to utilize less used roads.
• The traffic flow management system can also interact with controllable traffic lights
to extend or to reduce the green light period to increase the vehicle throughput on
heavy used roads
• dynamically changeable traffic signs can lead to an environment where the vehicular
traffic is managed more efficiently,
• This enables cities to reduce fuel consumption, air pollution, congestions,
and the time spent on the road.
6
CityAutomation
Use Case 2: Street Light Control.
• Street lights are not required to shine at the same

intensity to accomplish the intended safety goal.
• The intensity of light
• depend on conditions such as moonlight or weather.
• Adjusting the intensity helps to reduce the energy
consumption and the expenditures incurred by a
municipality.
• The street light controller of each street light segment is
connected (often wirelessly) with the central street light
managing and control system.
• The control system can dim the corresponding street
lights of a segment remotely or is able to switch street
lights on and off.
7
CityAutomation
Use Case 3: Passenger Information System for Public Transportation
• Public transportation vehicles, such as busses, subways, and
commuter trains, operate on a schedule that may be impacted
by external variables and, thus, have a degree of variability
compared with a baseline formal schedule.
• Passengers need to know when their next connection is available; this
information also allows passengers to select alternative connections in
the case of longer delays.
• In this application, the current locations of the various public
transport vehicles are provided to the central system that is
able to match the current location with the forecasted location
at each time or at specific checkpoints also calculate the
current delay and the expected arrival time at the upcoming
stops.
• The vehicle current location can be tracked via GPS/general
packet radio service (GPRS) tracking devices that provide the
position information in regular intervals.
8
CityAutomation
• Two approaches are possible:
• First is With a checkpoint-based approach
• The line number (of the bus or the street car) is captured at each
station where the vehicle stops regularly, or at defined checkpoint in
between.
• Because of the fact that the sensor at a specific station is able to
provide the data to the central system, the expected delay can be
calculated by comparing the information of the scheduled arrival time
and the actual arrival time. This change can be added to the arrival
time displayed at each following station.
• Each vehicle must be equipped with a transponder (variously based
on infrared, radio frequency identification (RFID), short-range
communication, or optical recognition).
• In addition, each station has to be equipped with one or more
checkpoint systems that are able to readout or to receive the line
number information of the vehicle.
• In case of larger stations with several platforms, multiple systems are
needed.
9
CityAutomation
• Two approaches are possible:

• Second is With a GPS/GPRS-based approach,
• Each vehicle has to be equipped with a GPS/GPRS tracking device
that provide, besides the current position, the information that can
be directly or indirectly matched to the serviced line number.
• Based on the “regular” position/time pattern, the system is able to
calculate the actual time difference and provide the expected time
on the passenger display.
• A combination of checkpoint- and GPS/GPRS-based

solution can be used to integrate railed vehicles (such as
subways and street cars) and road vehicles (such as
busses).

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1

• Street lights are not required to shine at the same

• Two approaches are possible:

• A combination of checkpoint- and GPS/GPRS-based

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